Tumor-derived exosomes: Potential biomarkers and therapeutic target in the treatment of colorectal cancer

J Cell Physiol. 2019 Aug;234(8):12422-12432. doi: 10.1002/jcp.28080.

Sousan Mousavi ¹ ², Roya Moallem ¹, Seyed Mahdi Hassanian ², Mahsa Sadeghzade ², Ramin Mardani ², Gordon A Ferns ³, Majid Khazaei ² ⁴, Amir Avan ² ⁵

Affiliations

1 Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
2 Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
3 Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, UK.
4 Department of Physiology and School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
5 Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

PMID: 30637729 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28080

Abstract

Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death in men and women in many countries. Early detection of CRC helps to prevent the advanced stages of the disease, and may thereby improve the survival of these patients. A noninvasive test with high specificity and sensitivity is required for this. Exosomes are lipid bilayer membrane nanovesicles that are released into most body fluids and especially in the microenvironment of Cancer. They carry various proteins, lipids, and nucleic Materials such as DNA, RNA, messenger RNA (mRNA), and MicroRNA (miRNA), and may also alter the function of target cells. In this review, we aimed to describe the biogenesis, composition, function, and the role of tumor-derived exosomes in Cancer progression. Moreover, their applications in tumor diagnosis and treatment are described, with a particular focus on CRC.

Keywords

biomarkers; colorectal cancer; diagnosis; exosomes.

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