2. Academic Validation
  3. Marine Fungi from the Sponge Grantia compressa: Biodiversity, Chemodiversity, and Biotechnological Potential

Marine Fungi from the Sponge Grantia compressa: Biodiversity, Chemodiversity, and Biotechnological Potential

  • Mar Drugs. 2019 Apr 11;17(4):220. doi: 10.3390/md17040220.
Elena Bovio 1 2,  Laura Garzoli 3,  Anna Poli 4,  Anna Luganini 5,  Pietro Villa 6,  Rosario Musumeci 7,  Grace P McCormack 8,  Clementina E Cocuzza 9,  Giorgio Gribaudo 10,  Mohamed Mehiri 11,  Giovanna C Varese 12
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy. [email protected].
  • 2 University Nice Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Nice Institute of Chemistry, UMR 7272, Marine Natural Products Team, 60103 Nice, France. [email protected].
  • 3 Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy. [email protected].
  • 4 Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy. [email protected].
  • 5 Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy. [email protected].
  • 6 Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Virology, Department of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy. [email protected].
  • 7 Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Virology, Department of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy. [email protected].
  • 8 Zoology, Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland. [email protected].
  • 9 Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Virology, Department of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy. [email protected].
  • 10 Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy. [email protected].
  • 11 University Nice Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Nice Institute of Chemistry, UMR 7272, Marine Natural Products Team, 60103 Nice, France. [email protected].
  • 12 Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy. [email protected].
PMID: 30978942 DOI: 10.3390/md17040220
Abstract

The emergence of Antibiotic resistance and viruses with high epidemic potential made unexplored marine environments an appealing target source for new metabolites. Marine fungi represent one of the most suitable sources for the discovery of new compounds. Thus, the aim of this work was (i) to isolate and identify fungi associated with the Atlantic Sponge Grantia compressa; (ii) to study the Fungal metabolites by applying the OSMAC approach (one strain; many compounds); (iii) to test Fungal compounds for their antimicrobial activities. Twenty-one Fungal strains (17 taxa) were isolated from G. compressa. The OSMAC approach revealed an astonishing metabolic diversity in the marine fungus Eurotium chevalieri MUT 2316, from which 10 compounds were extracted, isolated, and characterized. All metabolites were tested against viruses and bacteria (reference and multidrug-resistant strains). Dihydroauroglaucin completely inhibited the replication of influenza A virus; as for herpes simplex virus 1, total inhibition of replication was observed for both physcion and neoechinulin D. Six out of 10 compounds were active against Gram-positive bacteria with isodihydroauroglaucin being the most promising compound (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) 4-64 µg/mL) with bactericidal activity. Overall, G. compressa proved to be an outstanding source of Fungal diversity. Marine fungi were capable of producing different metabolites; in particular, the compounds isolated from E. chevalieri showed promising bioactivity against well-known and emerging pathogens.

Keywords

Eurotium chevalieri; OSMAC; antibacterial; antiviral; bioactive compounds; biodiversity; marine fungi; sponges.

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