The revisited role of interleukin-1 alpha and beta in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders and in comorbidities

Autoimmun Rev. 2021 Apr;20(4):102785. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102785.

Paola Galozzi ¹, Sara Bindoli ², Andrea Doria ³, Paolo Sfriso ⁴

Affiliations

1 Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy. Electronic address: [email protected].
2 Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy. Electronic address: [email protected].
3 Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy. Electronic address: [email protected].
4 Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy. Electronic address: [email protected].

PMID: 33621698 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102785

Abstract

The interleukin (IL) 1 family of cytokines is noteworthy to have pleiotropic functions in inflammation and acquired immunity. Over the last decades, several progresses have been made in understanding the function and regulation of the prototypical inflammatory cytokine (IL-1) in human diseases. IL-1α and IL-1β deregulated signaling causes devastating diseases manifested by severe acute or chronic inflammation. In this review, we examine and compare the key aspects of IL-1α and IL-1β biology and regulation and discuss their importance in the initiation and maintenance of inflammation that underlie the pathology of many human diseases. We also report the current and ongoing inhibitors of IL-1 signaling, targeting IL-1α, IL-1β, their receptor or Other molecular compounds as effective strategies to prevent or treat the onset and progression of various inflammatory disorders.

Keywords

IL-1 inhibition; Inflammation; Interleukin-1 alpha; Interleukin-1 beta; Rheumatic diseases.

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