2. Academic Validation
  3. Extracellular vesicles derived from Lactobacillus johnsonii promote gut barrier homeostasis by enhancing M2 macrophage polarization

Extracellular vesicles derived from Lactobacillus johnsonii promote gut barrier homeostasis by enhancing M2 macrophage polarization

  • J Adv Res. 2024 Mar 18:S2090-1232(24)00111-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.011.
Shiyu Tao 1,  Jinping Fan 1,  Jingjing Li 1,  Zhifeng Wu 1,  Yong Yao 1,  Zhenyu Wang 2,  Yujun Wu 2,  Xiangdong Liu 3,  Yingping Xiao 4,  Hong Wei 5
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
  • 2 State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
  • 3 College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. Electronic address: [email protected].
  • 4 State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China. Electronic address: [email protected].
  • 5 College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. Electronic address: [email protected].
PMID: 38508446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.011
Abstract

Introduction: Diarrheic disease is a common intestinal health problem worldwide, causing great suffering to humans and Animals. Precise manipulation strategies based on probiotics to combat diarrheic diseases have not been fully developed.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which probiotics manipulate macrophage against diarrheic disease.

Methods: Metagenome reveals gut microbiome profiles of healthy and diarrheic piglets. Fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) was employed to explore the causal relationship between gut microbes and diarrhea. The protective role of probiotics and their derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) was investigated in ETEC K88-infected mice. Macrophage depletion was performed to assess the role of macrophages in EVs against diarrhea. Execution of in vitro cell co-culture and transcriptome analyses elucidated the molecular mechanisms by which EVs modulate the macrophage and intestinal epithelial barrier.

Results: Escherichia coli was enriched in weaned diarrheic piglets, while Lactobacillus johnsonii (L. john) showed a negative correlation with Escherichia coli. The transmission of diarrheic illness symptoms was achieved by transferring fecal microbiota, but not metabolites, from diarrheic pigs to germ-free (GF) mice. L. john's intervention prevented the transmission of disease phenotypes from diarrheic piglets to GF mice. L. john also reduces the gut inflammation induced by ETEC K88. The EVs secreted by L. john demonstrated enhanced efficacy in mitigating the adverse impacts induced by ETEC K88 through the modulation of macrophage phenotype. In vitro experiments have revealed that EVs activate M2 macrophages in a manner that shuts down ERK, thereby inhibiting NLRP3 activation in intestinal epithelial cells.

Conclusion: Our results reveal that intestinal microbiota drives the onset of diarrheic disease and that probiotic-derived EVs ameliorate diarrheic disease symptoms by modulating macrophage phenotypes. These findings can enhance the advancement of innovative therapeutic approaches for diarrheic conditions based on probiotic-derived EVs.

Keywords

Diarrhea; Extracellular vesicles; Macrophage; Microbiome; Probiotics.

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