Noncanonical Wnt11 signaling and cardiomyogenic differentiation

Although the molecular details remain unclear, Wnt signaling via both canonical and noncanonical pathways is integral to cardiac specification and morphogenesis. A growing body of evidence also suggests substantial overlap between these supposedly discrete pathways in cell- and context-dependent manners. The ability of Wnt11 to induce cardiomyogenesis both during embryonic development and in adult cells makes it an attractive candidate for preprogramming cells for cardiac repair. This review primarily discusses various aspects of noncanonical Wnt signaling in cardiogenesis with particular emphasis on Wnt11.