1. Academic Validation
  2. A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing

A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing

  • Nature. 2020 Jul;583(7816):459-468. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2286-9.
David E Gordon  # 1 2 3 4 Gwendolyn M Jang  # 1 2 3 4 Mehdi Bouhaddou  # 1 2 3 4 Jiewei Xu  # 1 2 3 4 Kirsten Obernier  # 1 2 3 4 Kris M White  # 5 6 Matthew J O'Meara  # 7 Veronica V Rezelj  # 8 Jeffrey Z Guo 1 2 3 4 Danielle L Swaney 1 2 3 4 Tia A Tummino 1 2 9 Ruth Hüttenhain 1 2 3 4 Robyn M Kaake 1 2 3 4 Alicia L Richards 1 2 3 4 Beril Tutuncuoglu 1 2 3 4 Helene Foussard 1 2 3 4 Jyoti Batra 1 2 3 4 Kelsey Haas 1 2 3 4 Maya Modak 1 2 3 4 Minkyu Kim 1 2 3 4 Paige Haas 1 2 3 4 Benjamin J Polacco 1 2 3 4 Hannes Braberg 1 2 3 4 Jacqueline M Fabius 1 2 3 4 Manon Eckhardt 1 2 3 4 Margaret Soucheray 1 2 3 4 Melanie J Bennett 1 2 3 4 Merve Cakir 1 2 3 4 Michael J McGregor 1 2 3 4 Qiongyu Li 1 2 3 4 Bjoern Meyer 8 Ferdinand Roesch 8 Thomas Vallet 8 Alice Mac Kain 8 Lisa Miorin 5 6 Elena Moreno 5 6 Zun Zar Chi Naing 1 2 3 4 Yuan Zhou 1 2 3 4 Shiming Peng 1 2 9 Ying Shi 1 2 4 10 Ziyang Zhang 1 2 4 10 Wenqi Shen 1 2 4 10 Ilsa T Kirby 1 2 4 10 James E Melnyk 1 2 4 10 John S Chorba 1 2 4 10 Kevin Lou 1 2 4 10 Shizhong A Dai 1 2 4 10 Inigo Barrio-Hernandez 11 Danish Memon 11 Claudia Hernandez-Armenta 11 Jiankun Lyu 1 2 9 Christopher J P Mathy 1 2 12 13 Tina Perica 1 2 12 Kala Bharath Pilla 1 2 12 Sai J Ganesan 1 2 12 Daniel J Saltzberg 1 2 12 Ramachandran Rakesh 1 2 12 Xi Liu 1 2 9 Sara B Rosenthal 14 Lorenzo Calviello 1 15 Srivats Venkataramanan 1 15 Jose Liboy-Lugo 1 15 Yizhu Lin 1 15 Xi-Ping Huang 16 YongFeng Liu 16 Stephanie A Wankowicz 1 2 12 17 Markus Bohn 1 2 9 Maliheh Safari 1 2 18 Fatima S Ugur 1 2 4 9 Cassandra Koh 8 Nastaran Sadat Savar 8 Quang Dinh Tran 8 Djoshkun Shengjuler 8 Sabrina J Fletcher 8 Michael C O'Neal 19 Yiming Cai 19 Jason C J Chang 19 David J Broadhurst 19 Saker Klippsten 19 Phillip P Sharp 4 Nicole A Wenzell 1 2 4 Duygu Kuzuoglu-Ozturk 1 20 21 Hao-Yuan Wang 1 2 4 Raphael Trenker 1 2 22 Janet M Young 23 Devin A Cavero 1 3 24 Joseph Hiatt 1 3 25 Theodore L Roth 1 3 24 25 Ujjwal Rathore 1 3 24 Advait Subramanian 1 2 24 Julia Noack 1 2 24 Mathieu Hubert 26 Robert M Stroud 1 2 18 Alan D Frankel 1 2 18 Oren S Rosenberg 1 2 18 27 Kliment A Verba 1 2 9 David A Agard 1 2 18 Melanie Ott 1 2 3 27 Michael Emerman 28 Natalia Jura 1 2 4 22 Mark von Zastrow 1 2 4 29 Eric Verdin 1 27 30 Alan Ashworth 1 2 20 Olivier Schwartz 26 Christophe d'Enfert 31 Shaeri Mukherjee 1 2 24 Matt Jacobson 1 2 9 Harmit S Malik 23 Danica G Fujimori 1 2 4 9 Trey Ideker 1 32 Charles S Craik 1 2 9 20 Stephen N Floor 1 15 20 James S Fraser 1 2 12 John D Gross 1 2 9 Andrej Sali 1 2 9 12 Bryan L Roth 16 Davide Ruggero 1 2 4 20 21 Jack Taunton 1 2 4 Tanja Kortemme 1 2 12 13 Pedro Beltrao 1 11 Marco Vignuzzi 33 Adolfo García-Sastre 34 35 36 37 Kevan M Shokat 38 39 40 41 Brian K Shoichet 42 43 44 Nevan J Krogan 45 46 47 48 49
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA.
  • 2 Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
  • 3 J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.
  • 4 Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
  • 5 Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
  • 6 Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
  • 7 Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
  • 8 Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
  • 9 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
  • 10 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
  • 11 European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.
  • 12 Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
  • 13 The UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
  • 14 Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
  • 15 Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
  • 16 Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • 17 Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
  • 18 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
  • 19 Zoic Labs, Culver City, CA, USA.
  • 20 Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
  • 21 Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
  • 22 Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
  • 23 Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
  • 24 George William Hooper Foundation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
  • 25 Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
  • 26 Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
  • 27 Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
  • 28 Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
  • 29 Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
  • 30 Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
  • 31 Direction Scientifique, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
  • 32 Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
  • 33 Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. [email protected].
  • 34 Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. [email protected].
  • 35 Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. [email protected].
  • 36 Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. [email protected].
  • 37 The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. [email protected].
  • 38 QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA. [email protected].
  • 39 Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. [email protected].
  • 40 Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. [email protected].
  • 41 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. [email protected].
  • 42 QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA. [email protected].
  • 43 Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. [email protected].
  • 44 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. [email protected].
  • 45 QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA. [email protected].
  • 46 Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. [email protected].
  • 47 J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA. [email protected].
  • 48 Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. [email protected].
  • 49 Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. [email protected].
  • # Contributed equally.
Abstract

A newly described coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has infected over 2.3 million people, led to the death of more than 160,000 individuals and caused worldwide social and economic disruption1,2. There are no Antiviral drugs with proven clinical efficacy for the treatment of COVID-19, nor are there any vaccines that prevent Infection with SARS-CoV-2, and efforts to develop drugs and vaccines are hampered by the limited knowledge of the molecular details of how SARS-CoV-2 infects cells. Here we cloned, tagged and expressed 26 of the 29 SARS-CoV-2 Proteins in human cells and identified the human proteins that physically associated with each of the SARS-CoV-2 Proteins using affinity-purification mass spectrometry, identifying 332 high-confidence protein-protein interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and human proteins. Among these, we identify 66 druggable human proteins or host factors targeted by 69 compounds (of which, 29 drugs are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, 12 are in clinical trials and 28 are preclinical compounds). We screened a subset of these in multiple viral assays and found two sets of pharmacological agents that displayed Antiviral activity: inhibitors of mRNA translation and predicted regulators of the sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptors. Further studies of these host-factor-targeting agents, including their combination with drugs that directly target viral enzymes, could lead to a therapeutic regimen to treat COVID-19.

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