1. Academic Validation
  2. Phytochemical profiling of Symplocos tanakana Nakai and S. sawafutagi Nagam. leaf and identification of their antioxidant and anti-diabetic potential

Phytochemical profiling of Symplocos tanakana Nakai and S. sawafutagi Nagam. leaf and identification of their antioxidant and anti-diabetic potential

  • J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2023 May 2;233:115441. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115441.
Su Hui Seong 1 Bo-Ram Kim 1 Jong-Soo Park 2 Do Yun Jeong 1 Tae-Su Kim 1 Sua Im 1 Jin-Woo Jeong 1 Myoung Lae Cho 3
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Division of Natural Products Research, Honam National Institute of Biological Resource, Mokpo 58762, Republic of Korea.
  • 2 Division of Botany, Honam National Institute of Biological Resource, Mokpo 58762, Republic of Korea.
  • 3 Division of Natural Products Research, Honam National Institute of Biological Resource, Mokpo 58762, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: [email protected].
Abstract

Symplocos sp. contains various phytochemicals and is used as a folk remedy for treatment of diseases such as enteritis, malaria, and leprosy. In this study, we discovered that 70% ethanol extracts of Symplocos sawafutagi Nagam. and S. tanakana Nakai leaves have antioxidant and anti-diabetic effects. The components in the extracts were profiled using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry; quercetin-3-O-(6''-O-galloyl)-β-d-galactopyranoside (6) and tellimagrandin II (7) were the main phenolic compounds. They acted as strong antioxidants with excellent radical scavenging activity and as inhibitors of non-enzymatic advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) formation. Mass fragmentation analysis demonstrated that compounds 6 and 7 could form mono- or di-methylglyoxal adducts via reaction with methylglyoxal, which is a reactive carbonyl intermediate and an important precursor of AGEs. In addition, compound 7 effectively inhibited the binding between AGE2 and receptor for AGEs as well as the activity of α-glucosidase. Enzyme kinetic study revealed that compound 7 acts as a competitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase, through interaction with the active site of the Enzyme. Therefore, compounds 6 and 7, the major constituents of S. sawafutagi and S. tanakana leaves, are promising for developing drugs for preventing or treating diseases caused by aging and excessive sugar consumption.

Keywords

Advanced glycation end-products; Methylglyoxal; Quercetin-3-O-(6′-O-galloyl)-β-D-galactopyranoside; Symplocos sp; Tellimagrandin II; α-Glucosidase.

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