2. Academic Validation
  3. Design and Synthesis of AMPK Activators and GDF15 Inducers

Design and Synthesis of AMPK Activators and GDF15 Inducers

  • Molecules. 2023 Jul 17;28(14):5468. doi: 10.3390/molecules28145468.
Meijian Zhang 1 2 3,  Andrea Bagán 4,  Donna Martínez 4,  Emma Barroso 1 2 3,  Xavier Palomer 1 2 3,  Santiago Vázquez 4,  Carmen Escolano 4,  Manuel Vázquez-Carrera 1 2 3
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
  • 2 Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
  • 3 Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.
  • 4 Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (Associated Unit to CSIC), Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
PMID: 37513338 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145468
Abstract

Targeting Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) is a recent strategy for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here, we designed, synthesized, and pharmacologically evaluated in vitro a novel series of AMPK activators to upregulate GDF15 levels. These compounds were structurally based on the (1-dibenzylamino-3-phenoxy)propan-2-ol structure of the orphan ubiquitin E3 ligase subunit protein Fbxo48 inhibitor, BC1618. This molecule showed a better potency than metformin, increasing GDF15 mRNA levels in human Huh-7 hepatic cells. Based on BC1618, structural modifications have been performed to create a collection of diversely substituted new molecules. Of the thirty-five new compounds evaluated, compound 21 showed a higher increase in GDF15 mRNA levels compared with BC1618. Metformin, BC1618, and compound 21 increased phosphorylated AMPK, but only 21 increased GDF15 protein levels. Overall, these findings indicate that 21 has a unique capacity to increase GDF15 protein levels in human hepatic cells compared with metformin and BC1618.

Keywords

(1-dibenzylamino-3-phenoxy)propan-2-ol; AMPK; BC1618; GDF15.

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