2. Academic Validation
  3. Ginsenoside F4 Alleviates Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance by Regulating PTP1B in Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Ginsenoside F4 Alleviates Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance by Regulating PTP1B in Type II Diabetes Mellitus

  • J Agric Food Chem. 2023 Sep 19. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01262.
Yujie Zhao 1 2 3,  Yao Liu 4,  Jianjun Deng 1 2 3,  Chenhui Zhu 1 2 3,  Xiaoxuan Ma 1 2 3,  Min Jiang 5,  Daidi Fan 1 2 3
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
  • 2 Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
  • 3 Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
  • 4 Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xiying Road 76, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710043, China.
  • 5 State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China.
PMID: 37726223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01262
Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic Metabolic Disease with increasing morbidity. Protein tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a major negative regulator of the Insulin signaling cascade and has attracted intensive investigation in the T2DM study. Ginseng is widely used to treat metabolic diseases, while the effects of ginsenoside F4 (F4) on T2DM have remained unknown. Here, we identify F4 as an inhibitor of skeletal muscle Insulin resistance. The results showed that F4 significantly improved the hyperglycemic state of db/db mice, alleviated dyslipidemia, and promoted skeletal muscle glucose uptake. This phenomenon was closely related to the inhibition of the PTP1B activity. On the one hand, the inhibition of PTP1B activity by F4 resulted in increased Insulin Receptor (INSR) and Insulin Receptor substrate 1 tyrosine phosphorylation and enhanced Insulin sensitivity. On the other hand, F4 as a PTP1B inhibitor inhibited the inositol-requiring Enzyme 1 (IRE-1)/recombinant TNF Receptor associated factor 2 (TRAF2)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway and alleviated skeletal muscle endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, thereby reducing IRS-1 serine phosphorylation. Both finally activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and promoted glucose transporter protein 4 translocation to the cell membrane for glucose uptake. Taken together, our experiments demonstrate that F4 activates the Insulin signaling pathway by inhibiting the activity of PTP1B while inhibiting the IRE-1/TRAF2/JNK signaling pathway, enhancing Insulin sensitivity, and alleviating ER stress in the skeletal muscle of db/db mice. Our results indicate that F4 can be used as a PTP1B inhibitor for the treatment of T2DM.

Keywords

PTP1B; T2DM; endoplasmic reticulum stress; ginsenoside F4; insulin resistance.

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