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GFP Protein, Aequorea victoria (His)

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Based on 2 publication(s) in Google Scholar

The green fluorescent protein (GFP), Aequorea victoria is a protein that exhibits green fluorescence when exposed to light in the blue to ultraviolet range, found in organisms including Aequorea victoria, corals, sea anemones, zoanithids, copepods and lancelets. GFP Protein has a major excitation peak at a wavelength of 395 nm and a minor one at 475 nm, while its emission peak is at 509 nm, which is in the lower green portion of the visible spectrum. GFP Protein acts as an energy transfer receptor and actively transduces the blue chemiluminescence of the protein aequorin into green fluorescent light by energy transfer, which is used as expression of reporter genes. GFP Protein, Aequorea victoria (His) is a recombinant jellyfish Aequorea victoria GFP protein with N-6*His labeled tag that consists of 238 amino acids, which is expressed in E. coli .

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
  • Species: Others
  • Source: E. coli
  • Storage:
    Stored at -20°C for 2 years from date of receipt. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.
  • Experimental Validation Results for GFP Protein, Aequorea victoria (His)
  • Experimental Validation Results for GFP Protein, Aequorea victoria (His)
  • GFP Protein, Aequorea victoria (His) Product Image
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  • Biological Activity
  • Technical Parameters
  • Product Properties
  • Documentation
  • References
  • Help & FAQs
Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Biological Activity

Description

The green fluorescent protein (GFP), Aequorea victoria is a protein that exhibits green fluorescence when exposed to light in the blue to ultraviolet range, found in organisms including Aequorea victoria, corals, sea anemones, zoanithids, copepods and lancelets. GFP Protein has a major excitation peak at a wavelength of 395 nm and a minor one at 475 nm, while its emission peak is at 509 nm, which is in the lower green portion of the visible spectrum. GFP Protein acts as an energy transfer receptor and actively transduces the blue chemiluminescence of the protein aequorin into green fluorescent light by energy transfer, which is used as expression of reporter genes. GFP Protein, Aequorea victoria (His) is a recombinant jellyfish Aequorea victoria GFP protein with N-6*His labeled tag that consists of 238 amino acids, which is expressed in E. coli [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].

Background

GFP fluorescence occurs when aequorin interacts with Ca2+ ions, inducing a blue glow in Aequorea victoria. Some of this luminescent energy is transferred to the GFP, shifting the overall color towards green, making GFP protein enabling the visualization of specific proteins and cellular structures in living organisms[3].
GFP Protein has a β barrel structure consisting of eleven β-strands with a pleated sheet arrangement, with an α helix containing the covalently bonded chromophore 4-(p-hydroxybenzylidene)imidazolidin-5-one (HBI) running through the center[4].
In a live cell imaging experiment, on the one hand, GFP Protein directly attaches to a protein of interest to indicate a successful transfection of a gene of interest. On the other hand, GFP Protein that containing a mutation where the fluorescence will change from green to yellow over time is used to study the state of protein production such as recently activated, continuously activated or recently deactivated[6].
GFP Protein is used widely in cancer research to label and track cancer cells. GFP Protein-labelled cancer cells have been used to model metastasis, the process by which cancer cells spread to distant organs[7].

In Vitro

GFP Protein (Aequorea victoria) acts as a pollutant marker. There is a decrease in both GFP Protein and cellular density as pollutant levels increases, indicating that cellular activity has decreased[5].

In Vivo

Zebrafish that are injected with GFP Protein (Aequorea victoria) are approximately twenty times more susceptible to recognize cellular stresses than zebrafish that are not injected with GFP Protein (Aequorea victoria)[5].
Tumor dissemination and metastasis occur at distinct times during tumor progression in the bi-transgenic MMTV-PyMT and β-actin-enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) mice[7].

Verified Bioactivity

Prepare a 150 μL recombinant GFP with various concentrations (0.00074 nM - 6.21 μM) in assay buffer and equilibrate to 25°C. Read at excitation wavelengths 485 nm and emission 535 nm.

MCE Validation Data

  • Purity - SDS-PAGE

    Purity - SDS-PAGE

    ≥ 90%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

  • Bioactivity - Biochemical Activity Assay

    Bioactivity - Biochemical Activity Assay

    Prepare a 150 μL recombinant GFP with various concentrations (0.00074 nM - 6.21 μM) in assay buffer and equilibrate to 25°C. Read at excitation wavelengths 485 nm and emission 535 nm.

Technical Parameters

  • Species Others
  • Source E. coli
  • Tag N-6*His
  • Accession

    P42212 (M1-K238)

  • Gene ID
    /
  • Molecular Construction
    • N-term
    • 6*His
    • GFP (M1-K238)
      Accession # P42212
    • C-term
  • Protein Length

    Full Length

  • Synonyms

    gfp; GFP; Green fluorescent protein

  • AA Sequence

    MSKGEELFTGVVPILVELDGDVNGHKFSVSGEGEGDATYGKLTLKFICTTGKLPVPWPTLVTTFSYGVQCFSRYPDHMKQHDFFKSAMPEGYVQERTIFFKDDGNYKTRAEVKFEGDTLVNRIELKGIDFKEDGNILGHKLEYNYNSHNVYIMADKQKNGIKVNFKIRHNIEDGSVQLADHYQQNTPIGDGPVLLPDNHYLSTQSALSKDPNEKRDHMVLLEFVTAAGITHGMDELYK

  • Molecular Weight

    Approximately 27-31 kDa, based on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions.

  • Purity

    ≥ 90%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Product Properties

Appearance

Lyophilized powder

Formulation

1.Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of 50 mM Tris-HCl, 300 mM NaCl, pH 7.4, 5% trehalose, 5% mannitol, 0.01% Tween 80.
2.Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of 20 mM Tris-HCl, 0.5 M NaCl, 6% trehalose, pH 8.0.
3.Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of PBS, pH 7.4, 8% trehalose.
Please refer to the lot-specific COA for specific buffer information.
Note: For SPR assay, please replace the buffer. Primary amine components (e.g., Tris, imidazole) can affect protein-coupled chips.

Endotoxin Level

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

Reconstitution

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH2O.

Storage & Stability

Stored at -20°C for 2 years from date of receipt. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

References

[1]. Prendergast FG, et al. Chemical and physical properties of aequorin and the green fluorescent protein isolated from Aequorea forskålea. Biochemistry. 1978 Aug 22;17(17):3448-53. [Content Brief]

[2]. Phillips GJ. Green fluorescent protein-a bright idea for the study of bacterial protein localization. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2001 Oct 16;204(1):9-18. [Content Brief]

[3]. Morise H, et al. Intermolecular energy transfer in the bioluminescent system of Aequorea. Biochemistry. 1974 Jun 4;13(12):2656-62. [Content Brief]

[4]. Ormö M, et al. Crystal structure of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein. Science. 1996 Sep 6;273(5280):1392-5. [Content Brief]

[5]. Song Y H, et al. Noninvasive monitoring of environmental toxicity through green fluorescent protein expressing Escherichia coli[J]. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2016, 33: 1331-1336.

[6]. Terskikh A, et al. "Fluorescent timer": protein that changes color with time. Science. 2000 Nov 24;290(5496):1585-8. [Content Brief]

[7]. Kouros-Mehr H, et al. GATA-3 links tumor differentiation and dissemination in a luminal breast cancer model. Cancer Cell. 2008 Feb;13(2):141-52. [Content Brief]

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Calculators

Reconstitution Calculator

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Dilution Calculator

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The Specific Activity Calculator Equation
  • Specific Activity (Unit/mg)
  • Biological Activity (ED50)

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) = 106 ÷ Biological Activity (ED50)

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) Specific Activity (Unit/mg)
Unit/mg
= 106 ÷
Biological Activity (ED50) Biological Activity (ED50)
106 ÷
ng/mL
MOQ
Minimum order quantity
100 mg

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Measured by its ability to inhibit anti-CD3-induced proliferation of stimulated CTLL-2 mouse cytotoxic T cells. The ED50 this effect is 0.8023 μg/ml, corresponding to a specific activity is 1246.42 units/mg.

Assay Types
  • 1/16

    MedChemExpress Validation
     ≥ 90%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

  • 1/16

    MedChemExpress Validation
     Prepare a 150 μL recombinant GFP with various concentrations (0.00074 nM - 6.21 μM) in assay buffer and equilibrate to 25°C. Read at excitation wavelengths 485 nm and emission 535 nm.

  • GFP Protein, Aequorea victoria (His) Product Image
    1/16
  • Experimental Validation Results for GFP Protein, Aequorea victoria (His)
  • Experimental Validation Results for GFP Protein, Aequorea victoria (His)
  • GFP Protein, Aequorea victoria (His) Product Image