IgG4 Fc Protein, Human (HEK293)

The IgG4 Fc protein represents the constant region of immunoglobulin heavy chains, integral components of the humoral immune system. Immunoglobulins, or antibodies, are glycoproteins produced by B lymphocytes. In humoral immunity, membrane-bound immunoglobulins act as receptors, initiating the clonal expansion and differentiation of B lymphocytes into plasma cells upon antigen binding. The secreted immunoglobulins then execute the effector phase, leading to the elimination of bound antigens. Each immunoglobulin possesses two antigen-binding sites formed by the variable domains of one heavy chain and its associated light chain. These variable domains undergo V-(D)-J rearrangement and somatic hypermutations, enabling affinity maturation for specific antigens. Structurally, immunoglobulins consist of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains linked by disulfide bonds. This intricate molecular architecture underscores their crucial role in immune recognition and response.