C2 Ceramide  (Synonyms: Ceramide 2)

C2 Ceramide (Ceramide 2) is the main lipid of the stratum corneum and a protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) activator. C2 Ceramide activates PP2A and ceramide-activated protein phosphatase (CAPP). C2 Ceramide induces cells differentiation, autophagy and apoptosis, inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III. C2 Ceramide is also a skin conditioning agent that protects the epidermal barrier from water loss^{[1][2][3][4][5]}.

Protein phosphatase 1^[2]
PP2A^[4]
Ceramide-activated protein phosphatase (CAPP)^[4]
Apoptosis^[1]
Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III^[1]

C2 Ceramide (5 nM-200 µM; 24 hours; primary mouse osteoblasts) treatment (≤500 nM) promots osteoblast viability, whilst concentrations ≥2 µM significantly reduces osteoblast viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner^[1].
C2 Ceramide increases cytoplasmic histone-associated DNA fragments by 5.7- and 11.2-fold at 50 µM and 100 µM C2 Ceramide concentrations respectively in osteoblasts. At these higher concentrations, C2 Ceramide is a potent inducer of apoptosis in osteoblasts^[1].
C2 Ceramide up-regulates mRNA expression of angiogenic genes in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) and increases the migration and capillary tube formation of endothelial cells, whereas PP1 small interfering RNA shows opposite effects. Human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) increases levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2, phosphorylation of Smad 1/5/8, and mRNA expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 and osterix^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

The PP1 activator C2 Ceramide increases alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralizes nodule formation, and mRNA expression of dentin matrix protein 1 and dentin sialophosphoprotein. In contrast, knockdown by PP1 small interfering RNA inhibits odontoblastic differentiation^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

341.53

Solid

C₂₀H₃₉NO₃

3102-57-6

O[C@H](/C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCCC)[C@H](CO)NC(C)=O

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

-20°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

• [1]. P A Hill, et al. Ceramide-induced Cell Death/Survival in Murine Osteoblasts. J Endocrinol. 2010 Aug;206(2):225-33.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Ji-Youn Kim, et al. Role of Protein Phosphatase 1 in Angiogenesis and Odontoblastic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Cells. J Endod. 2017 Mar;43(3):417-424.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. R T Dobrowsky, et al. Ceramide Stimulates a Cytosolic Protein Phosphatase. J Biol Chem. 1992 Mar 15;267(8):5048-51.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. R T Dobrowsky, et al. Ceramide Activates Heterotrimeric Protein Phosphatase 2A. J Biol Chem. 1993 Jul 25;268(21):15523-30.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Maria Bernadete Riemma Pierre, et al. Influence of ceramide 2 on in vitro skin permeation and retention of 5-ALA and its ester derivatives, for Photodynamic Therapy. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2009, 45(1), 109-116.

  [6]. Wenyuan Zhu, et al. C2-ceramide induces cell death and protective autophagy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2014 Feb 21;15(2):3336-55.  [Content Brief]