1. Academic Validation
  2. Oxaloacetic acid mediates ADP-dependent inhibition of mitochondrial complex II-driven respiration

Oxaloacetic acid mediates ADP-dependent inhibition of mitochondrial complex II-driven respiration

  • J Biol Chem. 2018 Dec 21;293(51):19932-19941. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA118.005144.
Brian D Fink 1 Fan Bai 1 Liping Yu 2 3 Ryan D Sheldon 2 Arpit Sharma 2 Eric B Taylor 2 William I Sivitz 4
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 From the Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology and Metabolism.
  • 2 Department of Biochemistry, and.
  • 3 NMR Core Facility, University of Iowa and the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242.
  • 4 From the Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology and Metabolism, [email protected].
Abstract

We recently reported a previously unrecognized mitochondrial respiratory phenomenon. When [ADP] was held constant ("clamped") at sequentially increasing concentrations in succinate-energized muscle mitochondria in the absence of rotenone (commonly used to block complex I), we observed a biphasic, increasing then decreasing, respiratory response. Here we investigated the mechanism. We confirmed decades-old reports that oxaloacetate (OAA) inhibits succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). We then used an NMR method to assess OAA concentrations (known as difficult to measure by MS) as well as those of malate, fumarate, and citrate in isolated succinate-respiring mitochondria. When these mitochondria were incubated at varying clamped ADP concentrations, respiration increased at low [ADP] as expected given the concurrent reduction in membrane potential. With further increments in [ADP], respiration decreased associated with accumulation of OAA. Moreover, a low pyruvate concentration, that alone was not enough to drive respiration, was sufficient to metabolize OAA to citrate and completely reverse the loss of succinate-supported respiration at high [ADP]. Further, chemical or genetic inhibition of pyruvate uptake prevented OAA clearance and preserved respiration. In addition, we measured the effects of incremental [ADP] on NADH, superoxide, and H2O2 (a marker of reverse electron transport from complex II to I). In summary, our findings, taken together, support a mechanism (detailed within) wherein succinate-energized respiration as a function of increasing [ADP] is initially increased by [ADP]-dependent effects on membrane potential but subsequently decreased at higher [ADP] by inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase by OAA. The physiologic relevance is discussed.

Keywords

ADP; ATP; bioenergetics; mitochondria; mitochondrial metabolism; mitochondrial respiratory chain complex; nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR); oxaloacetate; skeletal muscle; succinate; succinate dehydrogenase.

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