Anxiolytic effect of a novel 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene, juncuenin H, is associated with metabolic changes in cortical serotonin/dopamine levels in mice

Two novel phenanthrenoids, juncuenin H (1) and dijuncuenin B (2), together with eight known phenanthrenoids, effusol (3), dehydroeffusol (4), juncusol (5), dehydrojuncusol (6), juncuenin B (7), dehydrojuncuenin B (8), juncuenin A (9), and dehydrojuncuenin A (10), were isolated from the underground parts of Juncus setchuenensis. The structures of the compounds were determined by 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectroscopy. The anxiolytic activities of compounds 1, 6, 9, and 10 were evaluated. In order to explore the mechanisms underlying their anxiolytic activities, the levels of serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and their metabolites in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of mice treated with compound 1 were determined by quantitative mass spectrometry. The mice treated with compound 1 had significantly lower levels of 5-HT, 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT), 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the cerebral cortex than those of the vehicle control-treated mice. The levels of HVA and 5-HIAA in the hippocampus were also significantly lower in the mice treated with compound 1 than in the control group mice. These results suggest that the metabolic changes, reflected in the levels of DA and/or 5-HT, may contribute to the anxiolytic activity of the phenanthrenoids studied herein.