2. Academic Validation
  3. Avian influenza A (H7N9) virus: from low pathogenic to highly pathogenic

Avian influenza A (H7N9) virus: from low pathogenic to highly pathogenic

  • Front Med. 2021 Aug;15(4):507-527. doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0814-5.
William J Liu 1 2,  Haixia Xiao 3,  Lianpan Dai 4,  Di Liu 5 6 7 8,  Jianjun Chen 5 6 7 8,  Xiaopeng Qi 9,  Yuhai Bi 10 4 7 8,  Yi Shi 10 4 7 8,  George F Gao 11 4 9,  Yingxia Liu 12
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518114, China. [email protected].
  • 2 National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China. [email protected].
  • 3 Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Tianjin, 300308, China.
  • 4 CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
  • 5 CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
  • 6 National Virus Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
  • 7 University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
  • 8 Center for Influenza Research and Early Warning, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
  • 9 Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
  • 10 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518114, China.
  • 11 National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
  • 12 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518114, China. [email protected].
PMID: 33860875 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0814-5
Abstract

The avian influenza A (H7N9) virus is a zoonotic virus that is closely associated with live poultry markets. It has caused infections in humans in China since 2013. Five waves of the H7N9 influenza epidemic occurred in China between March 2013 and September 2017. H7N9 with low-pathogenicity dominated in the first four waves, whereas highly pathogenic H7N9 influenza emerged in poultry and spread to humans during the fifth wave, causing wide concern. Specialists and officials from China and Other countries responded quickly, controlled the epidemic well thus far, and characterized the virus by using new technologies and surveillance tools that were made possible by their preparedness efforts. Here, we review the characteristics of the H7N9 viruses that were identified while controlling the spread of the disease. It was summarized and discussed from the perspectives of molecular epidemiology, clinical features, virulence and pathogenesis, receptor binding, T-cell responses, monoclonal antibody development, vaccine development, and disease burden. These data provide tools for minimizing the future threat of H7N9 and Other emerging and re-emerging viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2.

Keywords

H7N9; HPAIV; clinical features; epidemiology; hemagglutinin; immunity; pathogenesis; vaccine.

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