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  3. Hematopoietic stem cell and immunotoxicity in zebrafish embryos induced by exposure to Metalaxyl-M

Hematopoietic stem cell and immunotoxicity in zebrafish embryos induced by exposure to Metalaxyl-M

  • Sci Total Environ. 2022 Feb 25;809:152102. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152102.
Suwen Zeng 1,  Yuyang Peng 1,  Jinze Ma 1,  Yurui Ge 1,  Yong Huang 1,  Shuling Xie 1,  Wei Yuan 1,  Chen Lu 1,  Hua Zhang 1,  Qiang Luo 1,  Xinjun Liao 2,  Huiqiang Lu 3
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Ganzhou Cancer Hospital-Gannan Normal School Joint Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China.
  • 2 Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China.
  • 3 Ganzhou Cancer Hospital-Gannan Normal School Joint Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China. Electronic address: [email protected].
PMID: 34863748 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152102
Abstract

Metalaxyl-M (MM), a protective and therapeutic fungicide, has been shown to be a promising candidate, but its toxicity toward aquatic organisms is unknown. In this study, we evaluated for the first time the immunotoxicity of MM in zebrafish embryos. Phenotypes (heart rate, body length, and yolk area) and the number of neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells in the thymus were analyzed in zebrafish embryo after exposure to MM. Our results showed that zebrafish embryos exposed to MM showed a concentration-dependent increase in the yolk area and a significant decrease in the number of neutrophils, macrophages, and thymus T cells. We detected upregulated expression of related immune signaling genes, such as tnfa, nfkb3, cxcl-c1c, il6, mmp9, and tgfb1. Additionally, we observed a significant decrease in HSCs in zebrafish larvae after exposure to MM. IWR-1 could restore the number of neutrophils and macrophages after exposure to MM. The results indicated that MM exerted developmental toxicity and immunotoxicity to zebrafish embryos, and these phenomena may be caused by MM's regulation of Wnt signaling pathway.

Keywords

Hematopoietic stem cell; Immunotoxicity; Metalaxyl-M; Wnt signaling pathway; Zebrafish.

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