Development of Novel Dihydrofuro[3,4- d]pyrimidine Derivatives as HIV-1 NNRTIs to Overcome the Highly Resistant Mutant Strains F227L/V106A and K103N/Y181C

Here, we report the design, synthesis, structure-activity relationship studies, Antiviral activity, Enzyme inhibition, and druggability evaluation of dihydrofuro[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives as a potent class of HIV-1 non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). Compounds 14b (EC₅₀ = 5.79-28.3 nM) and 16c (EC₅₀ = 2.85-18.0 nM) exhibited superior potency against a panel of HIV-1-resistant strains. Especially, for the changeling mutations F227L/V106A and K103N/Y181C, both compounds exhibited remarkably improved activity compared to those of etravirine and rilpivirine. Moreover, 14b and 16c showed moderate RT Enzyme inhibition (IC₅₀ = 0.14-0.15 μM), which demonstrated that they acted as HIV-1 NNRTIs. Furthermore, 14b and 16c exhibited favorable pharmacokinetic and safety properties, making them excellent leads for further development.