Arginase-1/ARG1 Protein, Mouse (P.pastoris, His)

Arginase-1 (ARG1) stands as a central component of the urea cycle, crucial for the conversion of L-arginine to urea and L-ornithine, the latter serving as a precursor for metabolites vital in collagen synthesis and bioenergetic pathways that fuel cell proliferation. Primarily active in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the kidneys, the urea cycle plays a pivotal role in maintaining L-arginine homeostasis, particularly in tissues where nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and arginase engage in a competitive relationship for intracellular arginine. Beyond its metabolic functions, ARG1 emerges as a critical regulator of innate and adaptive immune responses, participating in antimicrobial effector pathways in polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN). Upon PMN cell death, ARG1 is released, depleting arginine in the microenvironment and dampening T cell and natural killer (NK) cell proliferation as well as cytokine secretion. Notably, in group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), ARG1 contributes to acute type 2 inflammation in the lung, influencing optimal ILC2 proliferation. Moreover, ARG1 plays a multifaceted role in the immune responses of alternatively activated or M2 macrophages, impacting processes such as wound healing, tissue regeneration, defense against multicellular pathogens, and immune suppression with outcomes varying by organ. In tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells (DCs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), ARG1 contributes to the suppression of T cell-mediated antitumor immunity, highlighting its diverse and context-dependent immunoregulatory functions.