Exodus-2/CCL21 Protein, Human

Exodus-2/CCL21 Protein, Human is a homeostatic lymphoid chemokine that contributes to the entry of T cells and dendritic cells into the lymphoid T-zone. It acts through chemokine receptors CCR7 and CXCR3 to promote fibrogenic and inflammatory cytokine production. Exodus-2/CCL21 Protein, Human  is a recombinant human Exodus-2/CCL21 (S24-P134) expressed by E. coli^[1].

CCL21, also known as exodus-2 and secondary lymphoid chemokine (SLC), is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family and is located on chromosome 9 in the human genome. It binds to glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and is anchored to the surface of endothelial cells. As a chemokine, CCL21 inhibits hematopoiesis and stimulates chemotaxis, and is chemotactic in vitro for thymocytes and activated T cells, but not for B cells, macrophages or neutrophils. At the same time, CCL21 is a potent stimulator of T cell migration and adhesion, binding to the glycoprotein PSGL-1 on T cells to promote the migration of T cells to secondary lymphoid organs. CCL21 can act through chemokine receptors CCR7 and CXCR3. Among them, CCR7 is a GPCR that is normally expressed by T cell subsets central memory cells, thymic T cells, B cells, mature DCs and other rare cell subsets. ccl21 can function as a microglia activator in the CNS and is expressed exclusively in endangered or mechanically damaged neurons^[1][2].

Namru mammary gland (NMuMG) epithelial cells undergo TGF-β1 (10 ng/mL, 48 h)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and gain the capacity to migrate toward CCL21 (350  ng/mL; 48 h). TGF-β1 promotes chemotactic migration of CCR7-positive immune cells^[5].
CCL21 (50 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL, 200 ng/mL; 48 h) promotes T24 cell proliferation in concentration-dependent manner, exhibits significant effect at 200 ng/mL^[6].

CCL21(0.1 µg/mL, 2 h) can interact with polysialic acid to regulate the migratory capacity of human dendritic cells^[3].

1.Full biological activity determined by a chemotaxis bioassay using human lymphocytes is in a concentration range of 10-100 ng/ml.
2.The biological activity determined by a chemotaxis bioassay using Jurkat cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 11.61 ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 8.613×10⁴ U/mg.

• 
  The biological activity determined by a chemotaxis bioassay using Jurkat cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 11.61 ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 8.613×10⁴ U/mg.

Human

E. coli

Tag Free

O00585 (S24-P134)

6366  [NCBI]

SDGGAQDCCLKYSQRKIPAKVVRSYRKQEPSLGCSIPAILFLPRKRSQAELCADPKELWVQQLMQHLDKTPSPQKPAQGCRKDRGASKTGKKGKGSKGCKRTERSQTPKGP

Approximately 12.2-18.79 kDa

• 
  Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Lyophilized powder.

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 20 mM PB, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4.

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH₂O. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

Stored at -20°C for 2 years. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

• [1]. Balsam Rizeq, et al. The Role of CCL21/CCR7 Chemokine Axis in Breast Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel). 2020 Apr 23;12(4):1036.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Manzo A, et al. CCL21 expression pattern of human secondary lymphoid organ stroma is conserved in inflammatory lesions with lymphoid neogenesis. Am J Pathol. 2007 Nov;171(5):1549-62.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Knut Biber, et al. Neuronal CCL21 up-regulates microglia P2X4 expression and initiates neuropathic pain development. EMBO J. 2011 May 4;30(9):1864-73.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Marieke Bax, et al. Interaction of polysialic acid with CCL21 regulates the migratory capacity of human dendritic cells. PLoS One. 2009 Sep 14;4(9):e6987.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Pang MF, et al. TGF-β1-induced EMT promotes targeted migration of breast cancer cells through the lymphatic system by the activation of CCR7/CCL21-mediated chemotaxis. Oncogene. 2016 Feb 11;35(6):748-60.  [Content Brief]

  [6]. Mo M, et al. CCL21/CCR7 enhances the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human bladder cancer T24 cells. PLoS One. 2015 Mar 23;10(3):e0119506.  [Content Brief]