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TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Rat

9 Cited Publications
Customer Review

Based on 9 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF alpha) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine. TNF alpha binds to its receptors, mainly TNFR1 and TNFR2, and then transmits molecular signals for biological functions such as inflammation and cell death. TNF alpha stimulates NF-κB pathway via TNFR2 promotes cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. Anti-TNF-α MAb significantly suppresses the tumor development in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) mouse. TNF alpha as a proneurogenic factor activates the SAPK/JNK Pathway and can facilitate neuronal replacement and brain repair in response to brain injury .

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  • Species: Rat
  • Source: E. coli
  • Storage:
    Stored at -20°C for 2 years from date of receipt. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.
  • Experimental Validation Results for TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Rat
  • Experimental Validation Results for TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Rat
  • Experimental Validation Results for TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Rat
  • Experimental Validation Results for TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Rat
  • Experimental Validation Results for TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Rat
  • Experimental Validation Results for TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Rat
  • Experimental Validation Results for TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Rat
  • TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Rat Product Image
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  • Biological Activity
  • Technical Parameters
  • Product Properties
  • Documentation
  • References
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Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Biological Activity

Description

Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF alpha) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine[1]. TNF alpha binds to its receptors, mainly TNFR1 and TNFR2, and then transmits molecular signals for biological functions such as inflammation and cell death[2]. TNF alpha stimulates NF-κB pathway via TNFR2 promotes cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. Anti-TNF-α MAb significantly suppresses the tumor development in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) mouse[3]. TNF alpha as a proneurogenic factor activates the SAPK/JNK Pathway and can facilitate neuronal replacement and brain repair in response to brain injury[4] .

Background

TNF alpha is produced by various types of cells including macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, T cells, and NK-cells[2].
The amino acid sequence of human TNF alpha protein has low homology between mouse, rat, bovine, cynomolgus TNF alpha protein. While, human TNF alpha shares 94.85% aa sequence identity with cynomolgus TNF alpha protein, mouse TNF alpha shares 94.47% aa sequence identity with rat TNF alpha protein.
TNF alpha exists in two forms; a type II transmembrane protein (tmTNF-α) and a mature soluble protein (sTNF-α). TNF-α binds to its receptors, mainly TNFR1 and TNFR2, and then transmits molecular signals for biological functions such as inflammation and cell death. Both sTNF-α and tmTNF-α activate TNFR1, and process a death domain (DD) that interacts with the TNFR1-associated death domain (TRADD) adaptor protein. The TNFR2 signaling pathway is mainly activated by tmTNF-α. TNFR1 signaling tends to be pro-inflammatory and apoptotic. TNFR2 results in NF-κB and MAPKs and AKT activation, TNFR2 activation is associated with homeostatic bioactivities such as tissue regeneration, cell proliferation, and cell survival, as well as host defense and inflammation[1].
TNF-alpha is critical for normal immune response, abnormal secretion TNF alpha activates synovial fibroblasts, keratinocytes, osteoclasts, induces rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and noninfectious uveitis (NIU)[3]. TNF alpha positively regulates endogenous TNF-α expression levels independently of Pgp efflux activity, induces IHF cells proliferation[4]. TNF alpha in tissues may promote cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. Besides, TNF alpha stimulates NF-κB pathway via TNFR2 and anti-TNF-α MAb significantly suppresses the tumor development in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) mouse[5]. TNF alpha as a proneurogenic factor activates the SAPK/JNK pathway and can facilitate neuronal replacement and brain repair in response to brain injury[6].

Verified Bioactivity

Measured in a cytotoxicity assay using L-929 mouse fibroblast cells in the presence of the metabolic inhibitor actinomycin D (HY-17559). The ED50 for this effect is 2-10 pg/mL.

Technical Parameters

  • Species Rat
  • Source E. coli
  • Tag Tag Free
  • Accession

    P16599 (L80-L235)

  • Gene ID
    24835  [NCBI]
  • Molecular Construction
    • N-term
    • TGF-α (L80-L235)
      Accession # P16599
    • C-term
  • Protein Length

    Partial

  • Synonyms

    TNF; Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF Superfamily, Member 2); Prev. TNFA; Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha; TNF-Alpha; Tumor Necrotic Factor Alpha; TNFSF2; TNF Superfamily, Member 2; Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 2; TNF, Macrophage-Derived; TNF-A;

  • AA Sequence

    LRSSSQNSSDKPVAHVVANHQAEEQLEWLSQRANALLANGMDLKDNQLVVPADGLYLIYSQVLFKGQGCPDYVLLTHTVSRFAISYQEKVSLLSAIKSPCPKDTPEGAELKPWYEPMYLGGVFQLEKGDLLSAEVNLPKYLDITESGQVYFGVIAL

  • Predicted Molecular Mass

    17.4 kDa

  • Molecular Weight

    Approximately 14 kDa, based on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions.

  • Purity

    ≥ 95%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Product Properties

Appearance

Lyophilized powder

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of PBS, pH 7.4.

Endotoxin Level

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

Reconstitution

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH2O. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

Storage & Stability

Stored at -20°C for 2 years from date of receipt. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

References

[1]. Horiuchi T, et al. Transmembrane TNF-alpha: structure, function and interaction with anti-TNF agents. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010 Jul;49(7):1215-28. [Content Brief]

[2]. El-Tahan RR, et al. TNF-α gene polymorphisms and expression. Springerplus. 2016 Sep 7;5(1):1508. [Content Brief]

[3]. Jang DI, et al. The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) in Autoimmune Disease and Current TNF-α Inhibitors in Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Mar 8;22(5):2719. [Content Brief]

[4]. Berguetti T, et al. TNF-α Modulates P-Glycoprotein Expression and Contributes to Cellular Proliferation via Extracellular Vesicles. Cells. 2019 May 24;8(5):500. [Content Brief]

[5]. Onizawa M, et al. Signaling pathway via TNF-alpha/NF-kappaB in intestinal epithelial cells may be directly involved in colitis-associated carcinogenesis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2009 Apr;296(4):G850-9. [Content Brief]

[6]. Bernardino L, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha modulates survival, proliferation, and neuronal differentiation in neonatal subventricular zone cell cultures. Stem Cells. 2008 Sep;26(9):2361-71. [Content Brief]

[7]. Matsuno H, et al. The role of TNF-alpha in the pathogenesis of inflammation and joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA): a study using a human RA/SCID mouse chimera. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2002 Mar;41(3):329-37. [Content Brief]

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Calculators

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The Specific Activity Calculator Equation
  • Specific Activity (Unit/mg)
  • Biological Activity (ED50)

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) = 106 ÷ Biological Activity (ED50)

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) Specific Activity (Unit/mg)
Unit/mg
= 106 ÷
Biological Activity (ED50) Biological Activity (ED50)
106 ÷
ng/mL
MOQ
Minimum order quantity
100 mg

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Measured by its ability to inhibit anti-CD3-induced proliferation of stimulated CTLL-2 mouse cytotoxic T cells. The ED50 this effect is 0.8023 μg/ml, corresponding to a specific activity is 1246.42 units/mg.

Assay Types
  • 1/16

    MedChemExpress Validation
     ≥ 95%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

  • 1/16

    MedChemExpress Validation
     Measured in a cytotoxicity assay using L-929 mouse fibroblast cells in the presence of the metabolic inhibitor actinomycin D. The ED50 for this effect is 2.808 pg/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 3.56×108 units/mg.

  • 1/16

    TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Rat purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Sci Adv. 2025 Aug;11(31):eadu4270. [Abstract]

    Customer Validation
     Reg3β secretion in culture medium under TNF-α treatment. Top: Bands of Reg3β and β-actin in culture medium and β-actin in DRG cell lysates. β-Actin in culture medium was examined as negative control. Bottom: Quantification of Reg3β secretion by TNF-α (100、200 or 500 ng/mL; 6 h; HY-P70697) and Veh (0.1% BSA) in culture medium. n = 3 cultures per group. (C) Reg3β expression in DRG cell lysates. n = 4 cultures per group. The results showed that TNF-α treatment could dose-dependently promote Reg3β secretion to culture medium.

  • 1/16

    TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Rat purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2025 Dec:149:157531. [Abstract]

    Customer Validation
     Western blot analysis of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and Occludin in Caco-2 cells treated with TNF-α (50 ng/mL; 24 h) with or without MA pretreatment.

  • 1/16

    TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Rat purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2025 Dec:149:157531. [Abstract]

    Customer Validation
     Immunofluorescence staining of UEA-1 lectin in Caco-2 cells under the indicated conditions. The results showed that TNF-α (50 ng/mL; 24 h) markedly decreased epithelial fucosylation, whereas malic acid treatment restored UEA1 binding in a dose-dependent manner.

  • 1/16

    TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Rat purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Exp Lung Res. 2025 Jun 2;51(1):38-49. [Abstract]

    Customer Validation
     Representative flow cytometry plot and MFI of IL-10 production by NKT cells in the lung and spleen from HH and HH+TNF-α rats (4 rats per group). The results showed that TNF-α (20 μg/mL, 10 μg/rat; i.p.; once daily for 4 days) increased the MFI of IL-10 in lung NKT cells of HAPE rats, but did not affect its MFI in the spleen.

  • 1/16

    TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Rat purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Neurotherapeutics. 2022 Jan;19(1):386-398. [Abstract]

    Customer Validation
     Gene expression of A1-like astrocytes after intracerebroventricular injection of TNFα/IL-1α (n = 4/group; 3 time points). Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and quantification of the relative ratio of the infarcted tissue volume to the volume of the contralateral hemisphere (n = 8 per group). The results showed that TNFα (10 μg in 0.9% NaCl; i.c.v., 1 μL per injection over 5 min; HY-P7096) significantly upregulated the expression of A1-like genes in SHR rats.

  • TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Rat Product Image
    1/16
  • Experimental Validation Results for TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Rat
  • Experimental Validation Results for TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Rat
  • Experimental Validation Results for TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Rat
  • Experimental Validation Results for TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Rat
  • Experimental Validation Results for TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Rat
  • Experimental Validation Results for TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Rat
  • Experimental Validation Results for TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Rat
  • TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Rat Product Image

  • TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Rat purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Sci Adv. 2025 Aug;11(31):eadu4270. [Abstract]

    Reg3β secretion in culture medium under TNF-α treatment. Top: Bands of Reg3β and β-actin in culture medium and β-actin in DRG cell lysates. β-Actin in culture medium was examined as negative control. Bottom: Quantification of Reg3β secretion by TNF-α (100、200 or 500 ng/mL; 6 h; HY-P70697) and Veh (0.1% BSA) in culture medium. n = 3 cultures per group. (C) Reg3β expression in DRG cell lysates. n = 4 cultures per group. The results showed that TNF-α treatment could dose-dependently promote Reg3β secretion to culture medium.

  • TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Rat purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2025 Dec:149:157531. [Abstract]

    Western blot analysis of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and Occludin in Caco-2 cells treated with TNF-α (50 ng/mL; 24 h) with or without MA pretreatment.

  • TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Rat purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2025 Dec:149:157531. [Abstract]

    Immunofluorescence staining of UEA-1 lectin in Caco-2 cells under the indicated conditions. The results showed that TNF-α (50 ng/mL; 24 h) markedly decreased epithelial fucosylation, whereas malic acid treatment restored UEA1 binding in a dose-dependent manner.

  • TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Rat purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Exp Lung Res. 2025 Jun 2;51(1):38-49. [Abstract]

    Representative flow cytometry plot and MFI of IL-10 production by NKT cells in the lung and spleen from HH and HH+TNF-α rats (4 rats per group). The results showed that TNF-α (20 μg/mL, 10 μg/rat; i.p.; once daily for 4 days) increased the MFI of IL-10 in lung NKT cells of HAPE rats, but did not affect its MFI in the spleen.

  • TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Rat purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Neurotherapeutics. 2022 Jan;19(1):386-398. [Abstract]

    Gene expression of A1-like astrocytes after intracerebroventricular injection of TNFα/IL-1α (n = 4/group; 3 time points). Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and quantification of the relative ratio of the infarcted tissue volume to the volume of the contralateral hemisphere (n = 8 per group). The results showed that TNFα (10 μg in 0.9% NaCl; i.c.v., 1 μL per injection over 5 min; HY-P7096) significantly upregulated the expression of A1-like genes in SHR rats.