Bleomycin sulfate
Based on 194 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Bleomycin sulfate is a DNA synthesis inhibitor. Bleomycin hydrochloride is a DNA damaging agent. Bleomycin sulfate is an antitumor antibiotic.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.90%
- CAS No.: 9041-93-4
- Molecular Weight:1523 (average)
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Storage:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Bleomycin sulfate
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- Sci China Life Sci. 2023 Nov;66(11):2571-2586. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 Jun 30:241:124476. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2025 Dec 16:150:157717. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2025 Dec 5:150:157676. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2025 Oct:146:157154. [Abstract]
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- Eur J Pharmacol. 2024 Jul 26:176843. [Abstract]
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- Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 Mar:116:109723. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2022 Dec;113(Pt A):109409. [Abstract]
- Molecules. 2023 Jan 11;28(2):753. [Abstract]
- Cancers (Basel). 2024 Aug 21;16(16):2902. [Abstract]
- Clin Epigenetics. 2023 Nov 11;15(1):182. [Abstract]
- Biol Proced Online. 2025 Jun 16;27(1):21. [Abstract]
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- FASEB J. 2025 Oct 15;39(19):e71083. [Abstract]
- J Cell Mol Med. 2025 Aug;29(16):e70788. [Abstract]
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- FEBS J. 2024 Nov;291(21):4680-4695. [Abstract]
- Mediators Inflamm. 2022 Mar 3:2022:6755407. [Abstract]
- J Inflamm Res. 2025 Jun 26:18:8447-8475. [Abstract]
- J Inflamm Res. 2024 Jun 19:17:3983-3999. [Abstract]
- Cell Calcium. 2025 Oct 22.
- Sci Rep. 2026 May 31. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2026 Jan 8;16(1):4864. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2023 Jun 28;13(1):10485. [Abstract]
- Biomedicines. 2023 Feb 5;11(2):463. [Abstract]
- J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2025 Jun;392(6):103588. [Abstract]
- Cytokine. 2025 Jun 22:193:156978. [Abstract]
- Cell Signal. 2021 Nov:87:110106. [Abstract]
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- Heliyon. 2024 Jun 24;10(13):e33314. [Abstract]
- Heliyon. 2023 Nov 20;9(12):e22461. [Abstract]
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- Eur J Med Res. 2025 May 19;30(1):394. [Abstract]
- Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2026 May;198(5):3954-3974. [Abstract]
- Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2026 Jan;138(1):e70158. [Abstract]
- Stem Cells Int. 2025 May 9:2025:1416567. [Abstract]
- Pathol Res Pract. 2025 Aug:272:156095. [Abstract]
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- Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2024 Oct 1;327(4):E552-E562. [Abstract]
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- Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2020 Jul 30;11:2040622320940185. [Abstract]
- FEMS Yeast Res. 2025 May 22:foaf027. [Abstract]
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- Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen. 2016 Sep 15:808:27-37. [Abstract]
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All DNA/RNA Synthesis Isoforms
MoreAll Antibiotic Isoforms
More
Biological Activity
DNA/RNA Synthesis[1]
Bleomycin (BLM) sulfate is chosen as the best-studied micronucleus (MN) inducers in human lymphocytes with different mechanisms of genotoxicity. The most frequent Bleomycin-induced DNA lesions are single and double strand breaks and single apuinic/apyrimidinic sites. At the same time Bleomycin is true radiomimetic compound, resembling almost completely the genetic effect of ionizing radiation[1].
The IC50 value of Bleomycin sulfate for UT-SCC-19A cell line is 4.0±1.3 nM. UT-SCC-12A and UT-SCC-12B are both more resistant to Bleomycin (BLM); IC50 values are 14.2±2.8 nM and 13.0±1.1 nM, respectively[2].
Bleomycin sulfate (50, 100 μM; for 24, 48 h) induce pulmonary fibrosis in RLE-6TN cell (50 μM) and A549 cell (100 μM)[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Male Fischer 344 rats, 8-10 week old, weighing 150-250 g[3]
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Dosage:3.5-4 mg/kg
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Administration:Intra-tracheal
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Result:Body weights decreased by day 4 then increased by Day 7 through the end of the study.
Please do not refer to only one article to determine the experimental conditions. It is recommended to determine the optimal experimental conditions (animal strain, age, dosage, frequency and cycle, detection time and indicators, etc.) through preliminary experiments before the formal experiment.
Bleomycin sulfate can be used to induce pulmonary fibrosis models. After administration via intramuscular, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, or intrapleural routes, Bleomycin sulfate is rapidly absorbed and reaches peak plasma concentrations in approximately 60 minutes. Less than 1% of intravenously injected Bleomycin sulfate binds to plasma proteins, ensuring high bioavailability. The mean plasma clearance rate of Bleomycin sulfate is about 70 mL/min/m2, indicating high plasma elimination and urinary excretion rates2[6].
Administration: 3-5 mg/kg • intratracheal administration • sprays on day one
Lung changes: Increased fibrotic consolidations, non-aerated lung area, and high-density lung area. Pulmonary function decreased.
Molecular changes: Increased indicators: TGF-β1, TNF-α, IL-6, and GM-CSF in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 9041-93-4
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 1523 (average)
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Color White to light yellow
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SMILES
O=C(C1=NC([C@H](CC(N)=O)NC[C@H](N)C(N)=O)=NC(N)=C1C)N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)C(N[C@]([C@H](O)C)([H])C(NCCC2=NC(C3=NC(C(N[R])=O)=CS3)=CS2)=O)=O)=O)[C@H](C4=CN=CN4)O[C@H]5[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O5)CO)O)O)O[C@]6([H])[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)OC(N)=O)O.NC(NCCCC[R])=N.[R]CCC[S+](C)C.O=S(O)(O)=O.[R=].[Bleomycin A2].[R=].[Bleomycin B2]
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Synonyms
Bleomycin sulfate
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
Streptomyces verticillus
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
-
Storage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Publications (194)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Cell Res
Sensing of DNA double-strand breaks by the NHEJ system stabilizes RORγt transcriptional activity and shapes Th17 pathogenicity in autoimmunity. [Abstract]2026 Jan 7. PMID: 41495483 -
Drug Resist Updat
ZBP1 antagonizes MRE11-mediated DNA end resection and confers synthetic lethality to PARP inhibition in ovarian cancer. [Abstract]2026 Jan:84:101319. PMID: 41192279 -
Nat Metab
The flavonoid procyanidin C1 has senotherapeutic activity and increases lifespan in mice. [Abstract]2021 Dec;3(12):1706-1726. PMID: 34873338 -
Nat Cell Biol
2024 Sep;26(9):1545-1557. PMID: 38997456 -
Mol Cell
Lactylation of XLF promotes non-homologous end-joining repair and chemoresistance in cancer. [Abstract]2025 Jul 17;85(14):2654-2672.e7. PMID: 40680721 -
ACS Nano
Targeted Collagen Degradation by an MRI Probe Facilitates siRNA Delivery for Sequential Theranostics in Pulmonary Fibrosis. [Abstract]2025 Apr 2. PMID: 40173291 -
Nat Commun
2025 Jul 22;16(1):6734. PMID: 40695820 -
Nat Commun
A Glb1-2A-mCherry reporter monitors systemic aging and predicts lifespan in middle-aged mice. [Abstract]2022 Nov 17;13(1):7028. PMID: 36396643 -
J Adv Res
Plasma apolipoprotein E protein attenuates pulmonary fibrosis through LRP1 and PLAU dual receptor-mediated TGF-β/Smad inhibition. [Abstract]2025 Dec 29:S2090-1232(25)01035-5. PMID: 41475664 -
J Adv Res
Elevated lactate production exacerbates PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis by stabilizing TGF-β1. [Abstract]2025 Aug 5:S2090-1232(25)00587-9. PMID: 40759348 -
J Adv Res
Kynurenine acts as a signaling molecule to attenuate pulmonary fibrosis by enhancing the AHR-PTEN axis. [Abstract]2024 Jun 19:S2090-1232(24)00254-6. PMID: 38906325 -
Exp Mol Med
GRIM-19-mediated induction of mitochondrial STAT3 alleviates systemic sclerosis by inhibiting fibrosis and Th2/Th17 cells. [Abstract]2024 Dec;56(12):2739-2746. PMID: 39643607 -
J Biomed Sci
Doublecortin-like kinase 1 promotes fibroblast activation and fibrotic progression through Smad3 binding in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. [Abstract]2026 May 22;33(1):52. PMID: 42174588 -
Small
Metal-Polyphenol-Network Coated Prussian Blue Nanoparticles for Synergistic Ferroptosis and Apoptosis via Triggered GPX4 Inhibition and Concurrent In Situ Bleomycin Toxification. [Abstract]2021 Nov;17(47):e2103919. PMID: 34623753 -
Redox Biol
Pharmaceutical targeting of succinate dehydrogenase in fibroblasts controls bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. [Abstract]2021 Oct:46:102082. PMID: 34343908 -
J Control Release
ROS-responsive microneedles loaded with integrin avβ6-blocking antibodies for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. [Abstract]2023 Aug:360:365-375. PMID: 37331606 -
MedComm (2020)
Matrix stiffness-induced α-tubulin acetylation is required for skin fibrosis formation through activation of Yes-associated protein. [Abstract]2023 Jul 12;4(4):e319. PMID: 37457658 -
Cell Rep Med
Cross-species tropism of AAV.CPP.16 in the respiratory tract and its gene therapies against pulmonary fibrosis and viral infection. [Abstract]2025 May 14:102144. PMID: 40409263 -
Cell Mol Biol Lett
Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies inherent abnormalities of adipose-derived stem cells from nonlesional sites of patients with localized scleroderma. [Abstract]2024 Aug 30;29(1):115. PMID: 39215271 -
Cancer Lett
N6-methyadenosine modified SUV39H2 regulates homologous recombination through epigenetic repression of DUSP6 in gastric cancer. [Abstract]2023 Apr 1:558:216092. PMID: 36806557 -
Cancer Lett
DAB2IP suppresses tumor malignancy by inhibiting GRP75-driven p53 ubiquitination in colon cancer. [Abstract]2022 Apr 28:532:215588. PMID: 35150809 -
Acta Biomater
Inhaled biomimetic nanoparticles enhance pulmonary delivery of tetrandrine and pirfenidone for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. [Abstract]2025 Dec 19:S1742-7061(25)00946-8. PMID: 41423167 -
Adv Healthc Mater
Bioinspired Inhalable Nanoparticles Combining Chinese Herbal Tetrandrine with Pirfenidone Overcome Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis via Coordinated Collagen Modulation and Fibroblast Autophagy Regulation. [Abstract]2025 Aug 21:e01916. PMID: 40842231 -
Cell Death Dis
Inhibition of Rho GEFs attenuates pulmonary fibrosis through suppressing myofibroblast activation and reprogramming profibrotic macrophages. [Abstract]2025 Apr 11;16(1):278. PMID: 40216763 -
Cell Death Dis
2020 Nov 12;11(11):976. PMID: 33184290 -
Cell Death Dis
Scutellarin ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis through inhibiting NF-κB/NLRP3-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and inflammation. [Abstract]2020 Nov 13;11(11):978. PMID: 33188176
Bleomycin sulfate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Dis. 2020 Nov 13;11(11):978. [Abstract]
Bleomycin (BLM) (5 mg/kg; intratracheal instillation) significantly elevated the ratio of phosphorylated p65 to total p65 (p-p65/p65) and reduced the expression level of IκBα, indicating that NF-κB signaling pathway was activated in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
Bleomycin sulfate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Dis. 2020 Nov 13;11(11):978. [Abstract]
Bleomycin (BLM) (5 mg/kg; intratracheal instillation) increases the expression of NLRP3 in BALB/c mice.
Bleomycin sulfate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Dis. 2020 Nov 13;11(11):978. [Abstract]
Bleomycin (BLM) (5 mg/kg; intratracheal instillation) upregulates the mRNA levels of NLRP3, ASC, IL-1β, and IL-18 in BALB/c mice.
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Cell Death Dis
Oncogene PRR14 promotes breast cancer through activation of PI3K signal pathway and inhibition of CHEK2 pathway. [Abstract]2020 Jun 15;11(6):464. PMID: 32541902 -
Sci China Life Sci
Local administration of liposomal-based Plekhf1 gene therapy attenuates pulmonary fibrosis by modulating macrophage polarization. [Abstract]2023 Nov;66(11):2571-2586. PMID: 37340175
Bleomycin sulfate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Sci China Life Sci. 2023 Nov;66(11):2571-2586. [Abstract]
Bleomycin (1 mg/kg; single intratracheal injection). Results for time-course Western blot analysis of Plekhf1 and Arg1 (a macrophage M2 marker) and Col 1α (a fibrotic marker) expression in lung macrophages isolated from BLM-treated mice. Left panel: Representative Western blot images. Right panel: Bar graphs showing the data from three replicates.
Bleomycin sulfate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Sci China Life Sci. 2023 Nov;66(11):2571-2586. [Abstract]
Bleomycin (1 mg/kg; single intratracheal injection). Representative results of coimmunostaining for Plekhf1 and F4/80 in lung sections.
Bleomycin sulfate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Sci China Life Sci. 2023 Nov;66(11):2571-2586. [Abstract]
Bleomycin (1 mg/kg; single intratracheal injection). Representative results of coimmunostaining for Plekhf1 and F4/80 in BALF cells from BLM-treated mice.
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Int J Biol Macromol
2023 Jun 30:241:124476. PMID: 37076059 -
Phytomedicine
Network-guided discovery of Zeqi Decoction as a PPARγ-targeted therapy for pulmonary fibrosis. [Abstract]2025 Dec 16:150:157717. PMID: 41447837 -
Phytomedicine
Identification of key anti-pulmonary fibrosis components in Hyssopus cuspidatus Boriss. and its mechanism exploration. [Abstract]2025 Dec 5:150:157676. PMID: 41389405 -
Phytomedicine
Rottlerin inhibits PKCδ to attenuate pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing NLRC4/ASC-mediated pyroptosis. [Abstract]2025 Oct:146:157154. PMID: 40819638 -
Phytomedicine
Microbial signatures of areca nut chewing: Bridging the gap between oral dysbiosis and submucous fibrosis. [Abstract]2025 Sep 4:147:157227. PMID: 40934758 -
Phytomedicine
Curcumin analogue EF24 prevents alveolar epithelial cell senescence to ameliorate idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis via activation of PTEN. [Abstract]2024 Jul 27:133:155882. PMID: 39096545 -
Phytomedicine
Physalis Calyx seu Fructus inhibited pulmonary fibrosis through regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. [Abstract]2024 Jun 3:131:155797. PMID: 38878326
Bleomycin sulfate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2024 Jun 3:131:155797. [Abstract]
PCF-EtOH diminished BLM (Bleomycin sulfate)-induced increase of fibronectin, vimentin and α-SMA. All mice, except those in the control group (nebulization with saline), are nebulised with BLM/saline (1 mg/mL, 8 mL) for 30 min on days 1, 4 and 7, respectively.
Bleomycin sulfate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2024 Jun 3:131:155797. [Abstract]
PCF-EtOH blocked BLM (Bleomycin sulfate)-induced upregulation of β-catenin protein. All mice, except those in the control group (nebulization with saline), are nebulised with BLM/saline (1 mg/mL, 8 mL) for 30 min on days 1, 4 and 7, respectively.
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Phytomedicine
Vincamine as an agonist of G protein-coupled receptor 40 effectively ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis in mice. [Abstract]2023 Sep:118:154919. PMID: 37392673 -
Phytomedicine
Qimai Feiluoping decoction inhibits mitochondrial complex I-mediated oxidative stress to ameliorate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. [Abstract]2023 Apr:112:154707. PMID: 36805483 -
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
The Clearance Effect of Tetrahedral DNA Nanostructures on Senescent Human Dermal Fibroblasts. [Abstract]2019 Jan 16;11(2):1942-1950. PMID: 30562007 -
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J Transl Med
2024 Nov 21;22(1):1051. PMID: 39574172 -
J Transl Med
Deciphering the cellular and molecular landscape of pulmonary fibrosis through single-cell sequencing and machine learning. [Abstract]2025 Jan 2;23(1):3. PMID: 39748378 -
J Transl Med
2024 Apr 1;22(1):323. PMID: 38561750 -
Biomed Pharmacother
Alpinetin ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by repressing fibroblast differentiation and proliferation. [Abstract]2024 Feb:171:116101. PMID: 38228032 -
Biomed Pharmacother
Iguratimod ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting the EMT process and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. [Abstract]2022 Sep:153:113460. PMID: 36076570 -
Biomed Pharmacother
Dopamine receptor agonists ameliorate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by repressing fibroblast differentiation and proliferation. [Abstract]2021 Jul:139:111500. PMID: 33901873 -
Redox Rep
Prophylactic quercetin administration attenuates pulmonary fibrosis via ferroptosis-resistant priming of alveolar epithelial cells. [Abstract]2026 Dec;31(1):2632434. PMID: 41697789 -
Stem Cell Res Ther
A scalable platform for EPSC-Induced MSC extracellular vesicles with therapeutic potential. [Abstract]2025 Aug 5;16(1):426. PMID: 40765003 -
Stem Cell Res Ther
hAMSCs regulate EMT in the progression of experimental pulmonary fibrosis through delivering miR-181a-5p targeting TGFBR1. [Abstract]2025 Jan 5;16(1):2. PMID: 39757225 -
JACC Basic Transl Sci
Ubiquitin Specific Protease 9X Regulates the Activation of ARK5 and Promotes Progression of Fibrotic Remodeling. [Abstract]2025 Jul;10(7):101255. PMID: 40310323 -
Cell Rep
Lactylation-driven nuclear RIG-I promoted by lactate transporter inhibitor suppresses DNA damage repair through inhibiting PARP1 activity. [Abstract]2026 Jan 13;45(1):116854. PMID: 41538326 -
Cell Rep
Phosphatase PHLPP1 is an alveolar-macrophage-intrinsic transcriptional checkpoint controlling pulmonary fibrosis. [Abstract]2025 Mar 12;44(3):115399. PMID: 40085643 -
Cell Rep
Mitotic ER-mitochondria contact enhances mitochondrial Ca2+ influx to promote cell division. [Abstract]2024 Sep 28;43(10):114794. PMID: 39342616 -
J Med Chem
Identification of Nitric Oxide Donating Dasatinib Derivatives with Intraocular Pressure Lowering and Senolytic Activities. [Abstract]2025 Apr 14. PMID: 40228166 -
Anal Chem
Sequential Labeling-Assisted Precise and Multitarget Analysis of Surface Proteins on Extracellular Vesicles. [Abstract]2025 Jun 3;97(21):11073-11081. PMID: 40388194 -
Antioxidants (Basel)
Pitavastatin Calcium Confers Fungicidal Properties to Fluconazole by Inhibiting Ubiquinone Biosynthesis and Generating Reactive Oxygen Species. [Abstract]2024 May 29;13(6):667. PMID: 38929106 -
Mol Metab
DNA damage to β cells in culture recapitulates features of senescent β cells that accumulate in type 1 diabetes. [Abstract]2022 Aug:62:101524. PMID: 35660116 -
Mol Med
2025 Jun 9;31(1):222. PMID: 40484931 -
Mol Med
LncRNA GAS5 suppresses TGF-β1-induced transformation of pulmonary pericytes into myofibroblasts by recruiting KDM5B and promoting H3K4me2/3 demethylation of the PDGFRα/β promoter. [Abstract]2023 Mar 14;29(1):32. PMID: 36918759 -
J Cell Biol
2021 Feb 1;220(2):e201911025. PMID: 33404607 -
Phytother Res
Bryodulcosigenin attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via inhibiting AMPK-mediated mesenchymal epithelial transition and oxidative stress. [Abstract]2022 Oct;36(10):3911-3923. PMID: 35794782 -
Fundam Res
Pharmacological regulation of tissue fibrosis by targeting the mechanical contraction of myofibroblasts. [Abstract]2021 Dec 23;2(1):37-47. PMID: 38933917 -
OncoImmunology
Pirfenidone facilitates immune infiltration and enhances the antitumor efficacy of PD-L1 blockade in mice. [Abstract]2020 Sep 22;9(1):1824631. PMID: 33457101 -
Cell Mol Life Sci
Role of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: modulation of M2 macrophage polarization. [Abstract]2024 Apr 18;81(1):187. PMID: 38635081
Bleomycin sulfate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Mol Life Sci. 2024 Apr 18;81(1):187. [Abstract]
Bleomycin sulfate (3 mg/kg; nebulized) significantly upregulates TRPA1 protein levels in mice.
Bleomycin sulfate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Mol Life Sci. 2024 Apr 18;81(1):187. [Abstract]
Bleomycin sulfate (3 mg/kg; nebulized) significantly increases TRPA1 mRNA levels in mouse lung tissues.
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Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
PPARγ-responsive luciferase reporter system for high-throughput screening of chemical toxins with potential pulmonary fibrosis effects. [Abstract]2025 Nov 15:307:119433. PMID: 41273832 -
Transl Res
Dach1 deficiency drives alveolar epithelium apoptosis in pulmonary fibrosis via modulating C-Jun/Bim activity. [Abstract]2023 Jul:257:54-65. PMID: 36754276 -
J Invest Dermatol
2023 Jul;143(7):1289-1298.e15. PMID: 36716923 -
Chin Med
TMT proteomics analysis reveals the mechanism of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and effects of Ginseng honeysuckle superfine powdered tea. [Abstract]2023 May 24;18(1):60. PMID: 37221600 -
Biochem Pharmacol
Targeting PBK in the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition: A novel therapeutic strategy for IPF. [Abstract]2025 Aug 28;242(Pt 2):117283. PMID: 40885317 -
Biochem Pharmacol
NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to the development of the pro-fibrotic phenotype of lung fibroblasts. [Abstract]2024 Aug 17:116496. PMID: 39159876 -
Biochem Pharmacol
Nrf2 in keratinocytes protects against skin fibrosis via regulating epidermal lesion and inflammatory response. [Abstract]2020 Apr;174:113846. PMID: 32032580 -
Drug Deliv Transl Res
2026 Jul;16(7):2514-2526. PMID: 42050315 -
J Ethnopharmacol
Study on the anti-pulmonary fibrosis mechanism of Renshen Pingfei formula by inhibiting M2 macrophage polarization and regulating TGF - β/SMAD signaling pathway. [Abstract]2026 May 23:363:121465. PMID: 41780616 -
J Ethnopharmacol
A novel polysaccharide from Qamgur (Brassica rapa L.) mitigates pulmonary fibrosis by regulating inflammatory, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and fibrotic pathways. [Abstract]2026 Apr 6:360:121174. PMID: 41500353 -
J Ethnopharmacol
Mimosa pudica L. extract ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis via modulation of MAPK signaling pathways and FOXO3 stabilization. [Abstract]2024 Aug 10:330:118226. PMID: 38670401 -
Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol
2022 Feb;66(2):171-182. PMID: 34710342 -
Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol
Clioquinol Attenuates Pulmonary Fibrosis through Inactivation of Fibroblasts via Iron Chelation. [Abstract]2021 Aug;65(2):189-200. PMID: 33861690 -
Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol
Kindlin-2 Acts as a Key Mediator of Lung Fibroblast Activation and Pulmonary Fibrosis Progression. [Abstract]2021 Jul;65(1):54-69. PMID: 33761308 -
Cells
2022 Dec 29;12(1):145. PMID: 36611939 -
Cells
Beyond the Warburg Effect: Oxidative and Glycolytic Phenotypes Coexist within the Metabolic Heterogeneity of Glioblastoma. [Abstract]2021 Jan 20;10(2):202. PMID: 33498369 -
Commun Biol
Chloride intracellular channel CLIC3 mediates fibroblast cellular senescence by interacting with ERK7. [Abstract]2025 Jan 14;8(1):51. PMID: 39809890 -
Mech Ageing Dev
Calcium transferring from ER to mitochondria via miR-129/ITPR2 axis controls cellular senescence in vitro and in vivo. [Abstract]2024 Apr:218:111902. PMID: 38218462
Bleomycin sulfate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mech Ageing Dev. 2024 Apr:218:111902. [Abstract]
miR-129 delays bleomycin-induced cellular senescence. MRC5 cells were transfected with miR-Ctrl or miR-129 and then treated with bleomycin (1 µg/ml) where indicated. Four days after transfection, the p-H2AX, ITPR2, p16, p21 and GAPDH protein levels were quantified by western blot.
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Life Sci
Autophagy-related protein EI24 delays the development of pulmonary fibrosis by promoting autophagy. [Abstract]2021 Jan 1;264:118664. PMID: 33127511 -
Respir Res
Dehydrocorydaline attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting fibroblast activation. [Abstract]2025 Apr 12;26(1):136. PMID: 40221718 -
Respir Res
MiR-125b-5p alleviates pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting TGFβ1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition via targeting BAK1. [Abstract]2024 Oct 19;25(1):382. PMID: 39427175 -
Inflammation
Toll-Like Receptor 9 Aggravates Pulmonary Fibrosis by Promoting NLRP3-Mediated Pyroptosis of Alveolar Epithelial Cells. [Abstract]2024 Oct;47(5):1744-1761. PMID: 38498270 -
Inflammation
Nintedanib Ameliorates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis, Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Oxidative Stress by Modulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Mice. [Abstract]2023 Aug;46(4):1531-1542. PMID: 37160579 -
Respir Res
Long non-coding RNA H19 deficiency ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. [Abstract]2020 Nov 2;21(1):290. PMID: 33138822 -
Respir Res
Curdione ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by repressing TGF-β-induced fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation. [Abstract]2020 Feb 19;21(1):58. PMID: 32075634 -
Int J Mol Sci
Integrating Network Pharmacology, Machine Learning, and Experimental Validation to Elucidate the Mechanism of Cardamonin in Treating Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. [Abstract]2025 Dec 25;27(1):249. PMID: 41516127 -
Biomolecules
Notch Signaling Exacerbates Pulmonary Fibrosis by Regulating the Differentiation of CD4+ Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells. [Abstract]2026 Feb 20;16(2):328. PMID: 41750395 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
Comparison of the Results of Modeling Pulmonary Fibrosis in Sprague Dawley Rats by Intratracheal Administration of Bleomycin in the Form of Sulfate and Chloride at a Dose of 3 mg/kg. [Abstract]2024 Oct 11;17(10):1360. PMID: 39459000 -
Front Pharmacol
TRAF6 Suppresses the Development of Pulmonary Fibrosis by Attenuating the Activation of Fibroblasts. [Abstract]2022 May 20;13:911945. PMID: 35668944 -
Int Immunopharmacol
BI-2536 attenuates IPF progression by inhibiting the PLK2/JNK/SP1 Signaling pathway in AT2 cells. [Abstract]2026 Jan 1;168(Pt 1):115812. PMID: 41237696 -
Int Immunopharmacol
JTE-013 reduces inflammation and improves pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the TRAF2/NF - κB/IGF-1 signaling pathway and macrophage polarization. [Abstract]2025 Oct 30:167:115727. PMID: 41172817 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Six1 promotes alveolar epithelium senescence in pulmonary fibrosis through regulating Tp53. [Abstract]2025 Sep 23:166:115554. PMID: 40991995 -
Int Immunopharmacol
CCTα and GVI iPLA2-induced aberrant phosphatidylcholine metabolism contributes to pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. [Abstract]2025 Apr 25:156:114718. PMID: 40286783 -
Int Immunopharmacol
SLAMF7-expressing B cells as crucial mediators in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis-interstitial lung disease. [Abstract]2025 Apr 16:152:114392. PMID: 40056511 -
Eur J Pharmacol
Carbon monoxide attenuates cellular senescence-mediated pulmonary fibrosis via modulating p53/PAI-1 pathway. [Abstract]2024 Jul 26:176843. PMID: 39068977 -
Int Immunopharmacol
CCDC59 alleviates bleomycin-induced inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis by increasing SP-B and SP-C expression in mice. [Abstract]2024 Jul 6:138:112645. PMID: 38972208 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Boningmycin induces AMPK-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of PD-L1 protein in human cancer cells. [Abstract]2023 Sep 15;124(Pt A):110905. PMID: 37717372 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Nesfatin-1, a novel energy-regulating peptide, alleviates pulmonary fibrosis by blocking TGF-β1/Smad pathway in an AMPKα-dependent manner. [Abstract]2023 Jul:120:110369. PMID: 37224650 -
Int Immunopharmacol
2023 Mar:116:109723. PMID: 36696855 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Nintedanib alleviates pulmonary fibrosis in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the FAK/ERK/S100A4 signalling pathway. [Abstract]2022 Dec;113(Pt A):109409. PMID: 36461602 -
Molecules
Cepharanthine Ameliorates Pulmonary Fibrosis by Inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3 Pathway, Fibroblast-to-Myofibroblast Transition and Inflammation. [Abstract]2023 Jan 11;28(2):753. PMID: 36677811 -
Cancers (Basel)
2024 Aug 21;16(16):2902. PMID: 39199672 -
Clin Epigenetics
Histone deacetylase 3 deletion in alveolar type 2 epithelial cells prevents bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. [Abstract]2023 Nov 11;15(1):182. PMID: 37951958 -
Biol Proced Online
Establishment of a mouse lung cancer organoid model and its applications for therapeutic screening. [Abstract]2025 Jun 16;27(1):21. PMID: 40524168 -
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis
Integrated bioinformatics and machine learning analysis identify CROT as a regulator of immunological features in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. [Abstract]2026 Feb;1872(2):168100. PMID: 41192648 -
FASEB J
Hesperetin Alleviates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Modulating Cellular Senescence and Promoting Impaired Autophagy in a CISD2-Dependent Manner. [Abstract]2025 Oct 15;39(19):e71083. PMID: 41001804 -
J Cell Mol Med
Cinobufotalin Ameliorates the Development of Pulmonary Fibrosis by Suppressing the TGF-β/Smad Pathway via Regulating PI15. [Abstract]2025 Aug;29(16):e70788. PMID: 40845143 -
Lab Invest
2025 Aug 6;105(11):104227. PMID: 40780542 -
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis
MBD2 promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and ARDS-related pulmonary fibrosis by modulating FZD2. [Abstract]2025 Mar 12;1871(5):167798. PMID: 40081619 -
FEBS J
TRPM7 controls skin keratinocyte senescence by targeting intracellular calcium signaling. [Abstract]2024 Nov;291(21):4680-4695. PMID: 39185948 -
Mediators Inflamm
Interleukin-19 Aggravates Pulmonary Fibrosis via Activating Fibroblast through TGF- β/Smad Pathway. [Abstract]2022 Mar 3:2022:6755407. PMID: 35281428 -
J Inflamm Res
Qimai Feiluoping Decoction Inhibits EndMT to Alleviate Pulmonary Fibrosis by Reducing PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway-Mediated the Restoration of Autophagy. [Abstract]2025 Jun 26:18:8447-8475. PMID: 40589610 -
J Inflamm Res
VISTA Deficiency Exacerbates the Development of Pulmonary Fibrosis by Promoting Th17 Differentiation. [Abstract]2024 Jun 19:17:3983-3999. PMID: 38911987 -
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Sci Rep
Targeting colorectal cancer with pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazine and pyrazolo[4,3-e]tetrazolo[1,5-b][1,2,4]triazine sulfonamides: comprehensive in vitro evaluation. [Abstract]2026 May 31. PMID: 42225755 -
Sci Rep
2026 Jan 8;16(1):4864. PMID: 41507413 -
Sci Rep
Amifostine attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice through inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. [Abstract]2023 Jun 28;13(1):10485. PMID: 37380638 -
Biomedicines
Secretome of hESC-Derived MSC-like Immune and Matrix Regulatory Cells Mitigate Pulmonary Fibrosis through Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects. [Abstract]2023 Feb 5;11(2):463. PMID: 36830999 -
J Pharmacol Exp Ther
Disulfiram activation of prostaglandin E2 synthesis: a novel antifibrotic mechanism in pulmonary fibrosis. [Abstract]2025 Jun;392(6):103588. PMID: 40359874 -
Cytokine
Role of FGF19 in regulating mitochondrial dynamics and macrophage polarization through FGFR4/AMPKα-p38/MAPK Axis in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. [Abstract]2025 Jun 22:193:156978. PMID: 40550190 -
Cell Signal
hMOB2 deficiency impairs homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair and sensitises cancer cells to PARP inhibitors. [Abstract]2021 Nov:87:110106. PMID: 34363951 -
Heliyon
Integrative analysis of the efficacy and pharmacological mechanism of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis via evidence-based medicine, bioinformatics, and experimental verification. [Abstract]2024 Sep 20;10(19):e38122. PMID: 39416822 -
Heliyon
Sinomenine ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting the differentiation of fibroblast into myofibroblast. [Abstract]2024 Jun 24;10(13):e33314. PMID: 39050413 -
Heliyon
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of fibrosis and resolution in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model revealed by spatial transcriptome analysis. [Abstract]2023 Nov 20;9(12):e22461. PMID: 38125541 -
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol
Mitochondrial dysfunction-associated cellular senescence is partially involved in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. [Abstract]2025 Aug 19:504:117524. PMID: 40840615 -
Eur J Med Res
Tetrathiomolybdate alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by reducing copper concentration and suppressing EMT. [Abstract]2025 May 19;30(1):394. PMID: 40390111 -
Appl Biochem Biotechnol
CSE Induces Lung Epithelial Cell-derived Exosomal LINC01133-mediated FOXA1 Activity Through SRSF6 to Affect MRC-5 Cellular Lipid Metabolism and Autophagy. [Abstract]2026 May;198(5):3954-3974. PMID: 41793647 -
Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol
7,8-Dihydroxyflavone Suppresses Experimental Pulmonary Fibrosis by Inhibiting Fibroblast-to-Myofibroblast Transformation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. [Abstract]2026 Jan;138(1):e70158. PMID: 41347324 -
Stem Cells Int
Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis Identify Decorin as a Principal Antifibrotic Component Trapping TGF- β 1 Within Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Secretome. [Abstract]2025 May 9:2025:1416567. PMID: 40386129 -
Pathol Res Pract
Combined treatment of tacrolimus and pirfenidone effectively improves BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by inhibiting the TGFβ1/Smad2/3 signaling. [Abstract]2025 Aug:272:156095. PMID: 40617191 -
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
Identification of potential mechanisms of Schisandrin B in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation. [Abstract]2025 May;398(5):5389-5403. PMID: 39549058 -
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab
Secreted GDF15 maintains transcriptional responses during DNA damage-mediated senescence in human beta cells. [Abstract]2024 Oct 1;327(4):E552-E562. PMID: 39196800 -
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
Zerumbone alleviated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice via SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway. [Abstract]2024 Nov;397(11):8979-8992. PMID: 38874804 -
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)
2023 Sep 22;28(9):209. PMID: 37796694 -
Bioorg Med Chem
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of a novel TRAIL-activated HDAC6 inhibitor for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. [Abstract]2024 Nov 1:113:117924. PMID: 39321740 -
Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol
Atractylenolide III attenuates bleomycin-induced experimental pulmonary fibrosis and oxidative stress in rat model via Nrf2/NQO1/HO-1 pathway activation. [Abstract]2020 Oct;42(5):436-444. PMID: 32762376 -
Toxicol Lett
The MIR100HG/miR-29a-3p/Tab1 axis modulates TGF-β1-induced fibrotic changes in type II alveolar epithelial cells BLM-caused lung fibrogenesis in mice. [Abstract]2022 Jun 15:363:45-54. PMID: 35472619 -
BMC Pulm Med
A selective CB2R agonist (JWH133) protects against pulmonary fibrosis through inhibiting FAK/ERK/S100A4 signaling pathways. [Abstract]2023 Nov 13;23(1):440. PMID: 37957604 -
Ther Adv Chronic Dis
Scutellarein inhibits BLM-mediated pulmonary fibrosis by affecting fibroblast differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. [Abstract]2020 Jul 30;11:2040622320940185. PMID: 32843954 -
FEMS Yeast Res
Characterization of oncohistone H2B variants in Schizosaccharomyces pombe reveals a key role of H2B monoubiquitination deficiency in genomic instability by altering gene expression. [Abstract]2025 May 22:foaf027. PMID: 40402811 -
BMC Pharmacol Toxicol
New tricks for old drugs- praziquantel ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. [Abstract]2024 Feb 14;25(1):18. PMID: 38355586 -
Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen
Role of exposure/recovery schedule in micronuclei induction by several promutagens in V79-derived cells expressing human CYP2E1 and SULT1A1. [Abstract]2016 Sep 15:808:27-37. PMID: 27637483 -
Medicina (Kaunas)
Saroglitazar Ameliorates Pulmonary Fibrosis Progression in Mice by Suppressing NF-κB Activation and Attenuating Macrophage M1 Polarization. [Abstract]2025 Jun 26;61(7):1157. PMID: 40731787 -
Immunobiology
HMGB1 regulates the activation of dendritic cells and CD4+ T cell responses through the modulation of autophagy in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. [Abstract]2025 Apr 23;230(3):152906. PMID: 40311346 -
Exp Ther Med
MicroRNA‑203a‑3p improves bleomycin and pingyangmycin sensitivity by inactivating the PI3K/AKT pathway in hemangioma. [Abstract]2024 Jan 4;27(2):80. PMID: 38274341 -
Biomed Res Int
Protective Effects of the Wenfei Buqi Tongluo Formula on the Inflammation in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis through Inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF- κ B Pathway. [Abstract]2022 Feb 7;2022:8752325. PMID: 35178456 -
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
Macrophage erythropoietin receptor signaling drives macrophage-myofibroblast transition via JAK2/STAT3 and TGF-β1/Smad3 pathways to exacerbate pulmonary fibrosis in mice. [Abstract]2026 Apr 9:808:153453. PMID: 41719615 -
J Mol Histol
Echinacoside ameliorates bleomycin-induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by regulating macrophage polarization. [Abstract]2025 Nov 24;57(1):4. PMID: 41284091 -
Int J Exp Pathol
Porcine respiratory disease complex induces pulmonary fibrosis related to the aberrant sphingolipid metabolism. [Abstract]2025 Sep;106(5):e70005. PMID: 40884045 -
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
The hematopoietic activity of EPO is unfavorable to the treatment of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. [Abstract]2024 Nov 4:739:150951. PMID: 39547119 -
J Gene Med
2022 Sep 30;e3451. PMID: 36181245 -
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
Asiaticoside attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in A2aR-/- mice by promoting the BMP7/Smad1/5 signaling pathway. [Abstract]2020 Jun 30;527(3):662-667. PMID: 32423816 -
Biochem Cell Biol
A novel mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis: twice-repeated oropharyngeal bleomycin administration mimicking human pathology. [Abstract]2025 Jan 1:103:1-7. PMID: 39878201 -
Curr Med Sci
Therapeutic Effects of Qifangfeixian Granules on Pulmonary Fibrosis in Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease. [Abstract]2025 Sep 30. PMID: 41026340 -
Int J Neurosci
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin modification gates chronic pain via regulation of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1-caspase1. [Abstract]2025 Aug 7:1-9. PMID: 40758369 -
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STAR Protoc
Protocol for high-throughput viability screening and gene expression of human EndoC-βH5 β cells and pancreatic islets. [Abstract]2025 Jul 18;6(3):103955. PMID: 40682782 -
Genes Cells
SRPKs Homolog Dsk1 Regulates Homologous Recombination Repair in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. [Abstract]2025 Jan;30(1):e13192. PMID: 39789818 -
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J Vis Exp
Unilateral Lung Volume Analysis Using Micro-CT for Enhanced Assessment of Pulmonary Fibrosis in Preclinical Models. [Abstract]2025 Jun 20:(220). PMID: 40552821 -
J Vis Exp
2025 Jun 17:(220). PMID: 40622990 -
J Vis Exp
Establishment and Validation of a Rat Model of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated with Pulmonary Fibrosis. [Abstract]2025 May 23:(219). PMID: 40489445 -
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Oxid Med Cell Longev
Astragaloside IV Inhibits Bleomycin-Induced Ferroptosis in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells by Mediating LPC. [Abstract]2021 Nov 1:2021:6241242. PMID: 34760046 -
Oxid Med Cell Longev
Gasotransmitter CO Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Fibroblast Senescence via Induction of Stress Granule Formation. [Abstract]2021 Jun 29:2021:9926284. PMID: 34306316 -
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Solvent & Solubility
H2O : 255 mg/mL (Need ultrasonic and warming)
DMSO : 41.67 mg/mL (Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL; Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL; Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 100 mg/mL; Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C
Add each solvent one by one: Saline
Solubility: 100 mg/mL; Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (282 KB)
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SDS (418 KB)
- English - EN (418 KB)
- Français - FR (418 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (418 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (418 KB)
- Español - ES (418 KB)
- Swedish - SV (418 KB)
- Italian - IT (418 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (418 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Hovhannisyan G, et al. Comparative analysis of individual chromosome involvement in micronuclei induced by bleomycin in human leukocytes. Mol Cytogenet. 2016 Jun 21;9:49. [Content Brief]
[2]. Jaaskela-Saari HA, et al. Squamous cell cancer cell lines: sensitivity to bleomycin and suitability for animal xenograft studies. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1997;529:241-4. [Content Brief]
[3]. Corboz MR, et al. Therapeutic administration of inhaled INS1009, a treprostinil prodrug formulation, inhibits bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2018 Apr;49:95-103. [Content Brief]
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Calculators
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)