Geneticin sulfate
Based on 68 publication(s) in Google Scholar
G-418 disulfate (Geneticin sulfate), is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, inhibits protein synthesis in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. G-418 disulfate is commonly used as a selective agent for eukaryotic cells.
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研究用途以外に使用した場合、当社は一切の責任を負いかねます。
- 純度: 99.85%
- CAS 番号: 108321-42-2
- 分子式: C20H44N4O18S2
- 分子量:692.71
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保管条件:
4°C, stored under nitrogen, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen, away from moisture)
MedChemExpress(MCE)の使用を引用している文献 G-418 disulfate
More- Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2026 May 1;11(1):160. [Abstract]
- Cancer Cell. 2026 Jun 18.
- Nature. 2023 Jun;618(7966):862-870. [Abstract]
- Cell. 2026 Jun 25;189(13):4094-4106.e13. [Abstract]
- Cancer Commun (Lond). 2023 Jan;43(1):123-149. [Abstract]
- Cancer Res. 2023 Apr 4;83(7):1048-1061. [Abstract]
- Drug Resist Updat. 2026 Jan:84:101319. [Abstract]
- Protein Cell. 2025 Feb 18:pwaf014. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2026 Mar 30. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2026 Jan 20;17(1):614. [Abstract]
- Exp Mol Med. 2025 Nov;57(11):2686-2698. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2025 Aug 27:86:103847. [Abstract]
- Mol Cell. 2023 Dec 7;83(23):4370-4385.e9. [Abstract]
- Theranostics. 2022 Jan 1;12(3):1187-1203. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2026 Jul;13(37):e24036. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Nov 3:e13380. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Apr;12(13):e2404961. [Abstract]
- Sci Adv. 2024 Aug 16;10(33):eado1533. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Differ. 2020 Jun;27(6):1981-1997. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2026 Feb 26;17(1):241. [Abstract]
- Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2024 Feb 17;29(1):26. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2020 Jun 4;11(6):420. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2019 May 28;10(6):413. [Abstract]
- J Immunother Cancer. 2026 Feb 4;14(2):e012886. [Abstract]
- Adv Healthc Mater. 2025 Apr;14(10):e2404501. [Abstract]
- Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2025 Nov 1. [Abstract]
- Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2023 Oct;44(10):2103-2112. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Dec;333(Pt 1):148831. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Sep 17;329(Pt 1):147753. [Abstract]
- Clin Transl Med. 2026 Feb;16(2):e70603. [Abstract]
- J Genet Genomics. 2021 Feb 20;48(2):134-146. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2022 Oct 25;41(4):111561. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2021 Sep 21;36(12):109739. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2021 Mar 30;34(13):108906. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2020 Oct 20;33(3):108287. [Abstract]
- Transl Psychiatry. 2025 Apr 2;15(1):116. [Abstract]
- Int J Oncol. 2026 May;68(5):58. [Abstract]
- Emerg Microbes Infect. 2023 Dec;12(2):2261556. [Abstract]
- J Ethnopharmacol. 2025 Jun 2:120086. [Abstract]
- J Agric Food Chem. 2022 Apr 6;70(13):3989-3999. [Abstract]
- Biochem Pharmacol. 2026 Jan;243(Pt 2):117529. [Abstract]
- Biochem Pharmacol. 2025 Sep 13;242(Pt 2):117337. [Abstract]
- Cell Biosci. 2025 Apr 13;15(1):46. [Abstract]
- Life Sci. 2024 Jun 1:346:122626. [Abstract]
- Eur J Pharmacol. 2025 Feb 22:177418. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 2;15(1):23651. [Abstract]
- J Cell Mol Med. 2023 Apr;27(7):962-975. [Abstract]
- Med Oncol. 2021 Nov 10;39(1):10. [Abstract]
- Biologics. 2025 Aug 12:19:443-462. [Abstract]
- BMC Complement Med Ther. 2024 Nov 16;24(1):400. [Abstract]
- FASEB J. 2023 Nov;37(11):e23195. [Abstract]
- J Biol Chem. 2023 May;299(5):104621. [Abstract]
- J Med Virol. 2026 Jan;98(1):e70777. [Abstract]
- Cancer Med. 2026 Apr;15(4):e71822. [Abstract]
- Am J Cancer Res. 2021 May 15;11(5):2062-2080. [Abstract]
- Hum Cell. 2022 Sep;35(5):1475-1486. [Abstract]
- Transl Cancer Res. 2023 Jan 30;12(1):150-162. [Abstract]
- Genes Genomics. 2026 Jun;48(6):935-949. [Abstract]
- Purdue University. 2025.
- Patent. US20240299557A1.
- Chemosphere. 2024 Oct:366:143350. [Abstract]
- SSRN. 2024 Jun 19.
- Environ Toxicol. 2024 Sep;39(9):4447-4458. [Abstract]
- Research Square Preprint. 2023 Jul 11.
- Research Square Print. 2023 Feb 21.
- Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Jan 28;2022:8168988. [Abstract]
- Research Square Preprint. 2021 Nov.
- Research Square Preprint. 2020 Jun.
Antibiotic アイソフォーム固有の製品をすべて表示
More
生物活性
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Aminoglycoside |
G418 sulfate, an aminoglycoside neomycin analogue, interferes with protein synthesis and has been used extensively for selection of mammalian cell lines that possess neomycin resistance (NR). The neomycin resistance (neo) gene is frequently used in eukaryotic vectors as a dominant selectable gene. G418 can be covalently bound to asialoorosomucoid (AsOR) to form a conjugate for hepatocyte-specific targeting and toxicity[2].
The human GD3 synthase cDNA was transfected into MDA-MB231 cells, and G-418 bulk selection was used to select cells stably overexpressing the GD3 synthase[2].
An aminoglycoside antibiotic, G418, has been shown to be an inhibitor of many pro- and eukaryotes at concentrations from 1-300 microgram/ml[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
化学情報
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CAS 番号 108321-42-2
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性状 Solid
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分子量 692.71
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分子式 C20H44N4O18S2
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Color White to light yellow
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SMILES
O=S(O)(O)=O.O[C@@H]([C@@H]1O[C@@]([C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O)N)([H])O[C@]2([H])[C@H](O)C)[C@H]([C@@H](C[C@@H]1N)N)O[C@](OC[C@](C)(O)[C@@H]3NC)([H])[C@@H]3O.O=S(O)(O)=O
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別名
G-418 (disulfate)
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Initial Source
Micromonospora rhodorangea
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輸送条件
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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保管条件
4°C, stored under nitrogen, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen, away from moisture)
Publications (68)
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Journal Impact Factor
-
Most Recent
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Signal Transduct Target Ther
BMAL1 regulates circadian rhythms via phase separation-mediated transcriptional hub formation. [Abstract]2026 May 1;11(1):160. PMID: 42062246 -
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Nature
2023 Jun;618(7966):862-870. PMID: 37286607 -
Cell
Differential inhibition of Morbillivirus and Henipavirus polymerases by ERDRP-0519 and structure-guided inhibitor optimization. [Abstract]2026 Jun 25;189(13):4094-4106.e13. PMID: 42061399 -
Cancer Commun (Lond)
Cytosolic TGM2 promotes malignant progression in gastric cancer by suppressing the TRIM21-mediated ubiquitination/degradation of STAT1 in a GTP binding-dependent modality. [Abstract]2023 Jan;43(1):123-149. PMID: 36353796 -
Cancer Res
HBx-induced HSPA8 stimulates HBV replication and suppresses ferroptosis to support liver cancer progression. [Abstract]2023 Apr 4;83(7):1048-1061. PMID: 36745032 -
Drug Resist Updat
ZBP1 antagonizes MRE11-mediated DNA end resection and confers synthetic lethality to PARP inhibition in ovarian cancer. [Abstract]2026 Jan:84:101319. PMID: 41192279 -
Protein Cell
Cryo-EM structures of Nipah virus polymerase complex reveal highly varied interactions between L and P proteins among paramyxoviruses. [Abstract]2025 Feb 18:pwaf014. PMID: 39964914 -
Nat Commun
Epitranscriptomic RNA editing resolves Mus81 DNA repair tradeoffs in heat tolerance and meiosis. [Abstract]2026 Mar 30. PMID: 41912524 -
Nat Commun
The UFL1-AKT positive feedback loop promotes breast cancer progression by enhancing lipid synthesis. [Abstract]2026 Jan 20;17(1):614. PMID: 41559041 -
Exp Mol Med
RNA-binding protein HnRNPU regulates proliferation and ferroptosis in colon adenocarcinoma by stabilizing the mRNA of system xc. [Abstract]2025 Nov;57(11):2686-2698. PMID: 41310105 -
Redox Biol
Redox compartmentalization drives functional heterogeneity of mature insulin secretory vesicles in pancreatic β-cells. [Abstract]2025 Aug 27:86:103847. PMID: 40902318 -
Mol Cell
CPT1A induction following epigenetic perturbation promotes MAVS palmitoylation and activation to potentiate antitumor immunity. [Abstract]2023 Dec 7;83(23):4370-4385.e9. PMID: 38016475 -
Theranostics
Antibiotic Azithromycin inhibits brown/beige fat functionality and promotes obesity in human and rodents. [Abstract]2022 Jan 1;12(3):1187-1203. PMID: 35154482 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
DTX3L Inhibits the EMT, Metastasis, and Stem-Like Features of Gastric Cancer Through Promoting GSK-3β Dependent SNAI1 Decay. [Abstract]2026 Jul;13(37):e24036. PMID: 41972409 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
2025 Nov 3:e13380. PMID: 41178464 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Ribonuclease 1 Induces T-Cell Dysfunction and Impairs CD8+ T-Cell Cytotoxicity to Benefit Tumor Growth through Hijacking STAT1. [Abstract]2025 Apr;12(13):e2404961. PMID: 39932384 -
Sci Adv
Epinephrine promotes breast cancer metastasis through a ubiquitin-specific peptidase 22-mediated lipolysis circuit. [Abstract]2024 Aug 16;10(33):eado1533. PMID: 39151008 -
Cell Death Differ
ARID1A prevents squamous cell carcinoma initiation and chemoresistance by antagonizing pRb/E2F1/c-Myc-mediated cancer stemness. [Abstract]2020 Jun;27(6):1981-1997. PMID: 31831874 -
Cell Death Dis
Ubenimex synergizes with the PD-L1 blockade in gastric cancer by competitively binding LAP3 with UBE3A. [Abstract]2026 Feb 26;17(1):241. PMID: 41748538 -
Cell Mol Biol Lett
High-content image screening to identify chemical modulators for peroxisome and ferroptosis. [Abstract]2024 Feb 17;29(1):26. PMID: 38368371 -
Cell Death Dis
HOXA5 inhibits the proliferation and neoplasia of cervical cancer cells via downregulating the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and transactivating TP53. [Abstract]2020 Jun 4;11(6):420. PMID: 32499530 -
Cell Death Dis
Suppression of fumarate hydratase activity increases the efficacy of cisplatin-mediated chemotherapy in gastric cancer. [Abstract]2019 May 28;10(6):413. PMID: 31138787 -
J Immunother Cancer
Tumor immune microenvironment facilitates resistance to KRAS G12C inhibitor sotorasib by altered PD-L1 expression. [Abstract]2026 Feb 4;14(2):e012886. PMID: 41638869 -
Adv Healthc Mater
CircAars-Engineered ADSCs Facilitate Maxillofacial Bone Defects Repair Via Synergistic Capability of Osteogenic Differentiation, Macrophage Polarization and Angiogenesis. [Abstract]2025 Apr;14(10):e2404501. PMID: 40035523 -
Acta Pharmacol Sin
Galangin 3-methyl ether alleviates mouse hypertrophic cardiomyopathy via targeting HDAC2 and subsequently inactivating the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. [Abstract]2025 Nov 1. PMID: 41176539 -
Acta Pharmacol Sin
Bis(benzonitrile) dichloroplatinum (II) interrupts PD-1/PD-L1 interaction by binding to PD-1. [Abstract]2023 Oct;44(10):2103-2112. PMID: 37193754 -
Int J Biol Macromol
S100A4 regulates ferroptosis to suppress cell proliferation via the SLC7A11-GSH axis but facilitates Brucella infection in RAW264.7 macrophages. [Abstract]2025 Dec;333(Pt 1):148831. PMID: 41203174 -
Int J Biol Macromol
USP10-stabilized IGF2BP3 promotes tumor growth via m6A-modified SKP2 mRNA in non-small-cell lung cancer. [Abstract]2025 Sep 17;329(Pt 1):147753. PMID: 40972933 -
Clin Transl Med
2026 Feb;16(2):e70603. PMID: 41603084 -
J Genet Genomics
Leptin gene-targeted editing in ob/ob mouse adipose tissue based on the CRISPR/Cas9 system. [Abstract]2021 Feb 20;48(2):134-146. PMID: 33931338 -
Cell Rep
OTUB2 exerts tumor-suppressive roles via STAT1-mediated CALML3 activation and increased phosphatidylserine synthesis. [Abstract]2022 Oct 25;41(4):111561. PMID: 36288705 -
Cell Rep
DOT1L O-GlcNAcylation promotes its protein stability and MLL-fusion leukemia cell proliferation. [Abstract]2021 Sep 21;36(12):109739. PMID: 34551297 -
Cell Rep
Sae2 and Rif2 regulate MRX endonuclease activity at DNA double-strand breaks in opposite manners. [Abstract]2021 Mar 30;34(13):108906. PMID: 33789097 -
Cell Rep
The 9-1-1 Complex Controls Mre11 Nuclease and Checkpoint Activation during Short-Range Resection of DNA Double-Strand Breaks. [Abstract]2020 Oct 20;33(3):108287. PMID: 33086066 -
Transl Psychiatry
A novel role of the antidepressant paroxetine in inhibiting neuronal Kv7/M channels to enhance neuronal excitability. [Abstract]2025 Apr 2;15(1):116. PMID: 40175331 -
Int J Oncol
2026 May;68(5):58. PMID: 41823537 -
Emerg Microbes Infect
Hepatitis B virus promotes its own replication by enhancing RAB5A-mediated dual activation of endosomal and autophagic vesicle pathways. [Abstract]2023 Dec;12(2):2261556. PMID: 37725090 -
J Ethnopharmacol
Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) extract suppresses the growth of melanoma cells and induces autophagy by inhibiting the STAT3 pathway. [Abstract]2025 Jun 2:120086. PMID: 40466882 -
J Agric Food Chem
Alpinia hainanensis Rhizome Extract Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis: Active Ingredient Investigation and Evaluation. [Abstract]2022 Apr 6;70(13):3989-3999. PMID: 35321548 -
Biochem Pharmacol
Repurposing Lamivudine: A novel therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke targeting the glycolytic enzyme Pgk1. [Abstract]2026 Jan;243(Pt 2):117529. PMID: 41213407 -
Biochem Pharmacol
piR-hsa-35410 promotes triple-negative breast cancer progression via enhancing PFKL mediated glycolysis. [Abstract]2025 Sep 13;242(Pt 2):117337. PMID: 40953645 -
Cell Biosci
The RBM39 degrader indisulam inhibits acute megakaryoblastic leukemia by altering the alternative splicing of ZMYND8. [Abstract]2025 Apr 13;15(1):46. PMID: 40223119 -
Life Sci
Geneticin ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis by attenuating the TGF-β/Smad via modulating AMPK/SIRT1 signaling. [Abstract]2024 Jun 1:346:122626. PMID: 38614295 -
Eur J Pharmacol
2025 Feb 22:177418. PMID: 39993702 -
Sci Rep
2025 Jul 2;15(1):23651. PMID: 40603466 -
J Cell Mol Med
4-octyl itaconate improves the viability of D66H cells by regulating the KEAP1-NRF2-GCLC/HO-1 pathway. [Abstract]2023 Apr;27(7):962-975. PMID: 36916028 -
Med Oncol
AICAR enhances the cytotoxicity of PFKFB3 inhibitor in an AMPK signaling-independent manner in colorectal cancer cells. [Abstract]2021 Nov 10;39(1):10. PMID: 34761330 -
Biologics
2025 Aug 12:19:443-462. PMID: 40822676 -
BMC Complement Med Ther
Tongguanteng injection exerts anti-osteosarcoma effects through the ER stress-associated IRE1/CHOP pathway. [Abstract]2024 Nov 16;24(1):400. PMID: 39550552 -
FASEB J
RUNX1 promotes proliferation and migration in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines via the mTOR pathway. [Abstract]2023 Nov;37(11):e23195. PMID: 37801076 -
J Biol Chem
TRIM28 represses renal cell carcinoma cell proliferation by inhibiting TFE3/KDM6A-regulated autophagy. [Abstract]2023 May;299(5):104621. PMID: 36935008 -
J Med Virol
2026 Jan;98(1):e70777. PMID: 41480806 -
Cancer Med
2026 Apr;15(4):e71822. PMID: 41987392 -
Am J Cancer Res
Necroptosis pathway blockage attenuates PFKFB3 inhibitor-induced cell viability loss and genome instability in colorectal cancer cells. [Abstract]2021 May 15;11(5):2062-2080. PMID: 34094669 -
Hum Cell
2022 Sep;35(5):1475-1486. PMID: 35792978 -
Transl Cancer Res
Expression and clinical significance of undifferentiated embryonic cell transcription factor 1 in breast cancer. [Abstract]2023 Jan 30;12(1):150-162. PMID: 36760370 -
Genes Genomics
2026 Jun;48(6):935-949. PMID: 41954878 -
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Chemosphere
Toxicogenomic assessment of hydroxylated metabolites of PBDEs on cetaceans: An in vitro study. [Abstract]2024 Oct:366:143350. PMID: 39326706 -
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Environ Toxicol
Long noncoding RNA VPS9D1-AS1 promotes the progression of endometrial cancer via regulation of the miR-187-3p/S100A4 axis. [Abstract]2024 Sep;39(9):4447-4458. PMID: 38953363 -
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Oxid Med Cell Longev
HNF4A Regulates the Proliferation and Tumor Formation of Cervical Cancer Cells through the Wnt/ β-Catenin Pathway. [Abstract]2022 Jan 28;2022:8168988. PMID: 35132353 -
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溶剤 & 溶解度
H2O : 100 mg/mL (144.36 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
濃度 (開始) × 体積 (開始) = 濃度 (終了) × 体積 (終了)
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 50 mg/mL (72.18 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
プロトコル
To characterize the sensitivity of the trypanosome populations to G418 in vivo, bloodstream forms of T. brucei brucei GUTat 3.1 and T. brucei brucei GUTat 3.1/BBR3 are expanded separately in sublethally irradiated mice. Prior to the first peak of parasitemia, trypanosomes are collected, and aliquots containing 106 trypanosomes are inoculated intraperitoneally into mice. Twenty-four hours following infection, the mice are divided into groups and treated with G418 at a dose of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 80 mg/kg of body weight (bw) by inoculating intraperitoneally 0.2 mL of the drug in sterile water. At 24 and 48 h following the first treatment, G418 is administered to animals in each group at the same dose as before, resulting in three treatments per mouse. Repeated drug treatments are necessary to ensure complete elimination of nontransfected GUTat 3.1 parasites from the mice. Mice are then monitored daily, for 33 days, for the presence of parasites by microscopic examination of wet-blood films. Animals found to be parasitemic are recorded and then removed from the experiment.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
純度とドキュメンテーション
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データシート (287 KB)
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SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Korean - KR (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
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取扱説明書 (2659 KB)
参考文献
[1]. Giordano-Santini R, et al. An antibiotic selection marker for nematode transgenesis. Nat Methods. 2010;7(9):721-723. [Content Brief]
[2]. Volarevic M, et al. A novel G418 conjugate results in targeted selection of genetically protected hepatocytes without bystander toxicity. Bioconjug Chem. 2007;18(6):1965-1971. [Content Brief]
[3]. Kwon KM, et al. Disialyl GD2 ganglioside suppresses ICAM-1-mediated invasiveness in human breast cancer MDA-MB231 cells. Int J Biol Sci. 2017;13(3):265-275. Published 2017 Feb 12. [Content Brief]
[4]. Davies J, et al. A new selective agent for eukaryotic cloning vectors. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1980;29(5 Suppl):1089-1092. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O | 1 mM | 1.4436 mL | 7.2180 mL | 14.4361 mL | 36.0901 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.2887 mL | 1.4436 mL | 2.8872 mL | 7.2180 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1444 mL | 0.7218 mL | 1.4436 mL | 3.6090 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.0962 mL | 0.4812 mL | 0.9624 mL | 2.4060 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.0722 mL | 0.3609 mL | 0.7218 mL | 1.8045 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0577 mL | 0.2887 mL | 0.5774 mL | 1.4436 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0481 mL | 0.2406 mL | 0.4812 mL | 1.2030 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0361 mL | 0.1805 mL | 0.3609 mL | 0.9023 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0289 mL | 0.1444 mL | 0.2887 mL | 0.7218 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0241 mL | 0.1203 mL | 0.2406 mL | 0.6015 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0180 mL | 0.0902 mL | 0.1805 mL | 0.4511 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0144 mL | 0.0722 mL | 0.1444 mL | 0.3609 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.