Hematoxylin  (Synonyms: Natural Black 1; Haematoxylin)

Hematoxylin (Natural Black 1), a naturally occurring flavonoid compound derived from Caesalpinia sappan Linn.. Hematoxylin is a nuclear stain in histology and is also a potent Aβ42 fibrillogenesis inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 1.6 μM.

IC50: 1.6 µM (Aβ42 fibrillogenesis)^[2]

When exposed to air, Hematoxylin is oxidized to reddish brown hematein. When oxidized to its hematein form and combined with a mordant, usually a metal salt, Hematoxylin stains tissue sections a deep blue to black color depending on the staining method. By itself, Hematoxylin is also amphoteric in its hematein form; it is red at acid pH and blue at alkaline pH. Differentiation following Hematoxylin staining removes nonspecific staining^[1].
Hematoxylin treatment greatly alleviates Aβ42-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Hematoxylin is a potential agent against Aβ fibrillogenesis and cytotoxicity^[2].
The Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained tissue section is the cornerstone of anatomical pathology diagnosis. The H&E procedure stains the nucleus and cytoplasm contrasting colors to readily differentiate cellular components^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Guidelines (Following is our recommended protocol. This protocol only provides a guideline, and should be modified according to your specific needs).
The method of H&E staining^[4]:
1. Place the glass slides that hold the paraffin sections in staining racks. Clear the paraffin from the samples in three changes of xylene for 2 min per change.
2. Hydrate the samples as follows.
i. Transfer the slides through three changes of 100% ethanol for 2 min per change.
ii. Transfer to 95% ethanol for 2 min.
iii. Transfer to 70% ethanol for 2 min.
iv. Rinse the slides in running tap water at room temperature for at least 2 min.
3. Stain the samples in Hematoxylin solution for 3 min.
4. Place the slides under running tap water at room temperature for at least 5 min.
5. Stain the samples in working eosin Y solution for 2 min.
6. Dehydrate the samples as follows.
i. Dip the slides in 95% ethanol about 20 times.
ii. Transfer to 95% ethanol for 2 min.
iii. Transfer through two changes of 100% ethanol for 2 min per change.
7. Clear the samples in three changes of xylene for 2 min per change.
8. Place a drop of Permount over the tissue on each slide and add a coverslip. View the slides using a microscope.

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

302.28

C₁₆H₁₄O₆

517-28-2

Solid

Yellow to brown

OC1=CC=C([C@]2([H])[C@](CC3=C2C=C(O)C(O)=C3)(O)CO4)C4=C1O

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

4°C, protect from light

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

• [1]. M Titford. The long history of hematoxylin. Biotech Histochem. Mar-Apr 2005;80(2):73-8.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Yilong Tu, et al. Hematoxylin Inhibits Amyloid β-Protein Fibrillation and Alleviates Amyloid-Induced Cytotoxicity. J Phys Chem B. 2016 Nov 10;120(44):11360-11368.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Ada T Feldman, et al. Tissue processing and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Methods Mol Biol. 2014;1180:31-43.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Robert D Cardiff, et al. Manual hematoxylin and eosin staining of mouse tissue sections. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2014 Jun 2;2014(6):655-8.  [Content Brief]