タートラジン  (Synonyms: Tartrazine; Acid Yellow 23; FD&C Yellow No. 5)

Tartrazine (Acid Yellow 23; FD&C Yellow No. 5) is an orally active azo acid dye, orange-yellow powder, soluble in water and turns yellow. Tartrazine is mainly used as a synthetic lemon yellow azo dye for food coloring. Tartrazine is the most stable colorant.Tartrazine induces mitochondria-mediated Apoptosis. Tartrazine can cause neurodevelopmental toxicity, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]}.

Tartrazine (12.5-100 μg/mL, 72 h) shows cytotoxic and mutagenic effects on eukaryotic cells (MN01, FGH)^[1].
Tartrazine (5-20 μg/mL) induces chromosomal aberrations in mammalian cells (M. muntjac cells) ^[3].
Tartrazine (2500 ?μg/mL, 48 h) showes cytotoxic activity in human lymphocytes due to significant decrease in mitotic index (MI) in the absence of S9 mix^[4].
Tartrazine (10-2000 μM, 3-24 h) can be regarded as toxic in CHO cells, with decreasing intracellular GSH, increasing MDA levels)^[5].
Tartrazine (0-1000 μg/mL, 6 h) disrupts vascular formation in human primary endothelial cells^[8].
Tartrazine (0.25-64.0 mM) has significant genotoxicity, although has no cytotoxic effects^[9].
Tartrazine (6.25-800 ?mg/L, 96 h) induces neurodevelopmental toxicity via mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in zebrafish embryos^[10].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Tartrazine (1-7.5 mg/kg, p.o., 30 days) induces structural and functional aberrations as well as genotoxic effects in rats^[2].
Tartrazine (72 mg/kg, p.o., 60 days) is capable of producing free radicals, which in turn cause damage to the cellular compartment system of rat testis^[6].
Tartrazine (200 mg/kg, p.o., 60 days) shows diffuse vacuolar degeneration in hepatic parenchyma in rats^[7].
Tartrazine (175-700 mg/kg for mice, 125-500 mg/kg for rats, p.o., once a day for 30 d) produces a few adverse effects in learning and memory functions in animals (mice and rats)^[11].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

534.36

C₁₆H₉N₄Na₃O₉S₂

1934-21-0

Solid

Orange to red

O=C(C(C1N=NC2=CC=C(S(=O)(O[Na])=O)C=C2)=NN(C3=CC=C(S(=O)(O[Na])=O)C=C3)C1=O)O[Na]

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

• [1]. Dos Santos JR, et al. Cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of the food additive tartrazine on eukaryotic cells. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2022 Dec 23;23(1):95.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Khayyat L, et al. Tartrazine induces structural and functional aberrations and genotoxic effects in vivo. PeerJ. 2017 Feb 23;5:e3041.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Patterson RM, et al. Tartrazine-induced chromosomal aberrations in mammalian cells. Food Chem Toxicol. 1982 Aug;20(4):461-5.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Atlı Şekeroğlu Z, et al. Effects of tartrazine on proliferation and genetic damage in human lymphocytes. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2017 Jun;27(5):370-375.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Demirkol O, et al. Oxidative effects of Tartrazine (CAS No. 1934-21-0) and New Coccin (CAS No. 2611-82-7) azo dyes on CHO cells. Journal für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit, 2012, 7: 229-236.

  [6]. Visweswaran B, et al. Oxidative stress by tartrazine in the testis of Wistar rats. Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 2012, 2(3): 44-49.

  [7]. Ali F A, et al. Toxicological and histopathological studies on the effect of tartrazine in male albino rats. International Journal of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016, 10(8): 527-532.

  [8]. Thanh DD, et al. The food dye Tartrazine disrupts vascular formation both in zebrafish larvae and in human primary endothelial cells. Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 5;14(1):30367.  [Content Brief]

  [9]. Soares BM, et al. Effects on DNA repair in human lymphocytes exposed to the food dye tartrazine yellow. Anticancer Res. 2015 Mar;35(3):1465-74.  [Content Brief]

  [10]. Haridevamuthu B, Murugan R, Seenivasan B, Meenatchi R, Pachaiappan R, Almutairi BO, Arokiyaraj S, M K K, et al. Synthetic azo-dye, Tartrazine induces neurodevelopmental toxicity via mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in zebrafish embryos. J Hazard Mater. 2024 Jan 5;461:132524.  [Content Brief]

  [11]. Gao Y, et al. Effect of food azo dye tartrazine on learning and memory functions in mice and rats, and the possible mechanisms involved. J Food Sci. 2011 Aug;76(6):T125-9.  [Content Brief]