AR-C155858
Based on 52 publication(s) in Google Scholar
AR-C155858 is a selective monocarboxylate transporter MCT1 and MCT2 inhibitor with Kis of 2.3 nM and 10 nM, respectively.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.62%
- CAS No.: 496791-37-8
- Formula: C21H27N5O5S
- Molecular Weight:461.53
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 1 year , -20°C, 6 months
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) AR-C155858
More- Nature. 2024 Oct;634(8036):1229-1237. [Abstract]
- Cell Metab. 2023 Jan 3;35(1):200-211.e9. [Abstract]
- Cell Metab. 2019 Mar 5;29(3):668-680.e4. [Abstract]
- Nat Protoc. 2024 May;19(5):1311-1347. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2020 May 15;11(1):2429. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Differ. 2025 Jul;32(7):1214-1230. [Abstract]
- Theranostics. 2020 Jul 9;10(18):8430-8445. [Abstract]
- Sci Adv. 2022 Sep 16;8(37):eabo7639. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2025 Dec:88:103943. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2024 Aug:74:103209. [Abstract]
- J Immunother Cancer. 2023 Jun;11(6):e006287. [Abstract]
- Mol Biomed. 2026 Apr 17;7(1):53. [Abstract]
- J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2025 Aug;16(4):e70044. [Abstract]
- Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Sep 1;112(35):11090-5. [Abstract]
- Stem Cell Res Ther. 2025 Aug 27;16(1):462. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2021 Jan 19;34(3):108642. [Abstract]
- Biochem Pharmacol. 2025 Aug 12;242(Pt 2):117233. [Abstract]
- J Pathol. 2025 Oct 23. [Abstract]
- Crit Rev Anal Chem. 2022;52(7):1557-1571. [Abstract]
- Glia. 2018 Oct;66(10):2233-2245. [Abstract]
- Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2016 Jul 1;311(1):C116-26. [Abstract]
- Mol Oncol. 2025 Jun 26. [Abstract]
- Pharm Res. 2019 Dec 10;37(1):5. [Abstract]
- Pharm Res. 2015 Jun;32(6):1894-906. [Abstract]
- Mol Nutr Food Res. 2024 Oct;68(20):e2400414. [Abstract]
- Exp Neurol. 2024 Jan:371:114590. [Abstract]
- Oncol Res. 2022 May 4;29(1):33-46. [Abstract]
- J Neurochem. 2025 Oct;169(10):e70251. [Abstract]
- J Cell Physiol. 2017 Jan;232(1):136-44. [Abstract]
- J Neurosci. 2015 Mar 11;35(10):4168-78. [Abstract]
- J Biol Chem. 2018 Oct 12;293(41):16019-16027. [Abstract]
- Neurophotonics. 2025 Jun;12(Suppl 2):S22807. [Abstract]
- J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2019 Jul;370(1):84-91. [Abstract]
- AAPS J. 2019 Jan 7;21(2):13. [Abstract]
- AAPS J. 2018 Nov 5;21(1):3. [Abstract]
- Front Oncol. 2022 Jul 28;12:960066. [Abstract]
- J Pharm Pharmacol. 2014 Apr;66(4):574-83. [Abstract]
- J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2018 Jun 5:155:270-275. [Abstract]
- Brain Sci. 2024 Mar 28;14(4):327. [Abstract]
- PLoS One. 2016 Apr 7;11(4):e0153135. [Abstract]
- PLoS One. 2014 Jan 21;9(1):e85780. [Abstract]
- PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e57712. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2026 Jun 11.
- bioRxiv. 2026 Mar 10.
- Res Sq. 2026 Feb 18.
- bioRxiv. 2025 Jun 24.
- Preprints. 2025 May 22.
- biorxiv. 2024 Jun 03.
- bioRxiv. November 19, 2021.
- Research Square Preprint. 2021 Feb.
- Medicine, University of Berlin. 2019 Feb
- Oncotarget. 2014 Nov 30;5(22):11029-37. [Abstract]
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Cell Imaging/Staining
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Cell Imaging/Staining
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Cell Imaging/Staining
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Cell Imaging/Staining
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
Biological Activity
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MCT1 |
MCT2 |
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Raji | EC50 |
18 nM
Compound: 2
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Growth inhibition of human Raji cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay
Growth inhibition of human Raji cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 25068893] |
AR-C155858 (10 nM-100 nM) inhibits MCT1/MCT2 C-terminal chimaeras[1]. AR-C155858 inhibits MCT2, and the 70% inhibition seen at 10 nM is followed by a gradually increasing inhibition which can only be explained by a Ki value of significantly less than 10 nM. AR-C155858 inhibits MCT1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes in a time- and concentration-dependent manner[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 496791-37-8
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 461.53
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Formula C21H27N5O5S
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Color Off-white to light yellow
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SMILES
O=C(C1=C2SC(CC3=C(NN=C3C)C)=C1C(N4C[C@@H](CO4)O)=O)N(C(N2CC(C)C)=O)C
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 1 year -20°C 6 months
Publications (52)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Nature
2024 Oct;634(8036):1229-1237. PMID: 39322678 -
Cell Metab
Ultrasensitive sensors reveal the spatiotemporal landscape of lactate metabolism in physiology and disease. [Abstract]2023 Jan 3;35(1):200-211.e9. PMID: 36309010 -
Cell Metab
2019 Mar 5;29(3):668-680.e4. PMID: 30527744
AR-C155858 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Metab. 2019 Mar 5;29(3):668-680.e4. [Abstract]
The Laconic ratio was measured after a pulse of 1 mM lactate in the absence and presence of the MCT inhibitor AR-C155858(10 nM, 100 nM or 1 μM) (expressed as % of control, 8 neurons).
AR-C155858 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Metab. 2019 Mar 5;29(3):668-680.e4. [Abstract]
Left, a neuron and an astrocyte expressing Laconic. Sensor density is shown as the average of mTFP and Venus intensities. Right, Laconic mTFP/Venus ratios were obtained first in the presence of 5 mM pyruvate, which through accelerated substrate exchange (transacceleration) drives intracellular lactate to a minimum, and then in the presence of 2 mM glucose and 1 mM lactate before and 7 minutes after the addition of AR-C155858 (1 μM).
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Nat Protoc
Comprehensive multiscale analysis of lactate metabolic dynamics in vitro and in vivo using highly responsive biosensors. [Abstract]2024 May;19(5):1311-1347. PMID: 38307980
AR-C155858 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Protoc. 2024 May;19(5):1311-1347. [Abstract]
Fluorescence images and quantification of FiLa expressed in the cytosol (top), nucleus (middle) or FiLa-L in mitochondria (bottom) of HEK-293 cells. The monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) inhibitor AR-C155858 (2 μM) decreased the extracellular lactate level and increased the lactate levels in the other three compartments.
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Nat Commun
2020 May 15;11(1):2429. PMID: 32415067
AR-C155858 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2020 May 15;11(1):2429. [Abstract]
Assessment of pyruvate (pyronic12) and proton (BCECF-AM14) flux in HEK293T cells expressing either MCT2, MCT2 upon pre-incubation with AR-C15585813, or empty vector control. AR-C155858 eliminated FRET-based fluorescence signal arises from endogenous MCTs-dependent pyruvate transport.
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Cell Death Differ
Metabolic reprogramming in astrocytes prevents neuronal death through a UCHL1/PFKFB3/H4K8la positive feedback loop. [Abstract]2025 Jul;32(7):1214-1230. PMID: 40016338 -
Theranostics
Modulation of the Astrocyte-Neuron Lactate Shuttle System contributes to Neuroprotective action of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21. [Abstract]2020 Jul 9;10(18):8430-8445. PMID: 32724479 -
Sci Adv
2022 Sep 16;8(37):eabo7639. PMID: 36112685 -
Redox Biol
Lactate as a metabolic-epigenetic signal linking high-intensity interval training (HIIT) to miRNA-Centered remodeling of the skeletal muscle methylome and transcriptome. [Abstract]2025 Dec:88:103943. PMID: 41314005 -
Redox Biol
Lactate-induced activation of tumor-associated fibroblasts and IL-8-mediated macrophage recruitment promote lung cancer progression. [Abstract]2024 Aug:74:103209. PMID: 38861833 -
J Immunother Cancer
Inhibition of lactate transport by MCT-1 blockade improves chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy against B-cell malignancies. [Abstract]2023 Jun;11(6):e006287. PMID: 37399358 -
Mol Biomed
Lactate-driven pyrimidine synthesis promotes ferroptosis resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]2026 Apr 17;7(1):53. PMID: 41996004 -
J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle
2025 Aug;16(4):e70044. PMID: 40810552 -
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
2015 Sep 1;112(35):11090-5. PMID: 26286989 -
Stem Cell Res Ther
Extracellular lactate improves neurogenesis by modulating H3K9 lactylation and SnoN expression under hypoxic conditions. [Abstract]2025 Aug 27;16(1):462. PMID: 40866997 -
Cell Rep
Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the thalamus jointly maintain synaptic activity by supplying metabolites. [Abstract]2021 Jan 19;34(3):108642. PMID: 33472059 -
Biochem Pharmacol
Verapamil modulates astrocytic glycolytic dysfunction via TXNIP inhibition in the hippocampus of 3 × Tg-AD mice. [Abstract]2025 Aug 12;242(Pt 2):117233. PMID: 40812585 -
J Pathol
Lactate-mediated activation of GPR81 regulates BCR/Abl protein expression in chronic myeloid leukemia cells selected under low oxygen tension. [Abstract]2025 Oct 23. PMID: 41128634 -
Crit Rev Anal Chem
A Critical Review on Advancement in Analytical Strategies for the Quantification of Clinically Relevant Biological Transporters. [Abstract]2022;52(7):1557-1571. PMID: 33691566 -
Glia
NBCe1 mediates the regulation of the NADH/NAD+ redox state in cortical astrocytes by neuronal signals. [Abstract]2018 Oct;66(10):2233-2245. PMID: 30208253 -
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol
2016 Jul 1;311(1):C116-26. PMID: 27225657
AR-C155858 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2016 Jul 1;311(1):C116-26. [Abstract]
Inhibition of pyruvate transport in HEK293 cells. Summary of 24 cells in three separate experiments.
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Mol Oncol
Targeting carbonic anhydrase IX/XII prevents the anti-ferroptotic effect of stromal lactic acid in prostate carcinoma. [Abstract]2025 Jun 26. PMID: 40569831 -
Pharm Res
Pharmacokinetics of the Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 Inhibitor AZD3965 in Mice: Potential Enterohepatic Circulation and Target-Mediated Disposition. [Abstract]2019 Dec 10;37(1):5. PMID: 31823112 -
Pharm Res
A Novel Monocarboxylate Transporter Inhibitor as a Potential Treatment Strategy for γ-Hydroxybutyric Acid Overdose. [Abstract]2015 Jun;32(6):1894-906. PMID: 25480120 -
Mol Nutr Food Res
The Inhibitory Effects of the Natural Stilbene Piceatannol on Lactate Transport In Vitro Mediated by Monocarboxylate Transporters. [Abstract]2024 Oct;68(20):e2400414. PMID: 39344244 -
Exp Neurol
2024 Jan:371:114590. PMID: 37907123 -
Oncol Res
Lactate Maintains BCR/Abl Expression and Signaling in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells Under Nutrient Restriction. [Abstract]2022 May 4;29(1):33-46. PMID: 35131002 -
J Neurochem
Lactate Transport via Glial MCT1 and Neuronal MCT2 Is Not Required for Synchronized Synaptic Transmission in Hippocampal Slices Supplied With Glucose. [Abstract]2025 Oct;169(10):e70251. PMID: 41048117 -
J Cell Physiol
Modulation of Mammary Stromal Cell Lactate Dynamics by Ambient Glucose and Epithelial Factors. [Abstract]2017 Jan;232(1):136-44. PMID: 27037895 -
J Neurosci
2015 Mar 11;35(10):4168-78. PMID: 25762664 -
J Biol Chem
2018 Oct 12;293(41):16019-16027. PMID: 28414271 -
Neurophotonics
Two-point calibration protocol for the Förster Resonance Energy Transfer indicator Pyronic in neurons. [Abstract]2025 Jun;12(Suppl 2):S22807. PMID: 41141230 -
J Pharmacol Exp Ther
Treatment of γ-Hydroxybutyric Acid and γ-Butyrolactone Overdose with Two Potent Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 Inhibitors, AZD3965 and AR-C155858. [Abstract]2019 Jul;370(1):84-91. PMID: 31010842 -
AAPS J
Cellular Uptake of MCT1 Inhibitors AR-C155858 and AZD3965 and Their Effects on MCT-Mediated Transport of L-Lactate in Murine 4T1 Breast Tumor Cancer Cells. [Abstract]2019 Jan 7;21(2):13. PMID: 30617815 -
AAPS J
In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy of the Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 Inhibitor AR-C155858 in the Murine 4T1 Breast Cancer Tumor Model. [Abstract]2018 Nov 5;21(1):3. PMID: 30397860 -
Front Oncol
Monocarboxylate transporter upregulation in induced regulatory T cells promotes resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. [Abstract]2022 Jul 28;12:960066. PMID: 35965549 -
J Pharm Pharmacol
Monocarboxylate transporter mediated uptake of moxifloxacin on human retinal pigmented epithelium cells. [Abstract]2014 Apr;66(4):574-83. PMID: 24102496 -
J Pharm Biomed Anal
Development and validation of a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay for AZD3965 in mouse plasma and tumor tissue: Application to pharmacokinetic and breast tumor xenograft studies. [Abstract]2018 Jun 5:155:270-275. PMID: 29674138 -
Brain Sci
Hippocampal Lactate-Infusion Enhances Spatial Memory Correlated with Monocarboxylate Transporter 2 and Lactylation. [Abstract]2024 Mar 28;14(4):327. PMID: 38671979 -
PLoS One
Physiological Concentration of Exogenous Lactate Reduces Antimycin A Triggered Oxidative Stress in Intestinal Epithelial Cell Line IPEC-1 and IPEC-J2 In Vitro. [Abstract]2016 Apr 7;11(4):e0153135. PMID: 27054581 -
PLoS One
2014 Jan 21;9(1):e85780. PMID: 24465702 -
PLoS One
A genetically encoded FRET lactate sensor and its use to detect the Warburg effect in single cancer cells. [Abstract]2013;8(2):e57712. PMID: 23469056 -
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Oncotarget
Mitochondria as new therapeutic targets for eradicating cancer stem cells: Quantitative proteomics and functional validation via MCT1/2 inhibition. [Abstract]2014 Nov 30;5(22):11029-37. PMID: 25415228
AR-C155858 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Oncotarget. 2014 Nov 30;5(22):11029-37. [Abstract]
The MCT1/2 inhibitor AR-C155858 significantly reduces mammosphere formation in MDA-MB-231 cells. Note that AR-C155858 also effectively reduces mammosphere formation in this cellular context, with an IC50 of ~1-2 μM. The vehicle-alone control is normalized to one.
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 70 mg/mL (151.67 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (5.96 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (27.5 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (5.96 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (27.5 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocol
MCT kinetic assays are performed by monitoring intracellular pH with H+-sensitive dye BCECF or by determining the uptake of l-[14C]lactate (7.4 MBq/mL). The uptake buffer containes 75 mM NaCl, 2 mM KCl, 0.82 mM MgCl2, 1 mM CaCl2 and 20 mM Tris/Hepes (pH 7.4). AR-C155858 inhibitor titrations are performed at pH 6 with oocytes preincubated for 45 min in a different uptake buffer (75 mM NaCl, 2 mM KCl, 0.82 mM MgCl2, 1 mM CaCl2 and 20 mM Mes, pH 6) containing the required concentration of AR-C155858 prior to measuring the uptake of l-[14C]lactate (0.5 mM). Unless stated otherwise, uptake is determined over 2.5 min for all MCT constructs except for MCT2trn with or without embigin and MCT2/1 with or without embigin, where 5 and 10 min are used respectively.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
The erythrocytes (5% haematocrit) are pre-incubated for 1 h at room temperature (22°C) with or without AR-C155858 at the required concentration before assaying transport of l-lactate (10 mM) at 6°C. Initial rates of transport are calculated by first-order regression analysis of the time course of pH change and converted into nmol of H+/min by determining the pH change induced by small additions of standardized NaOH.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (283 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Ovens MJ, et al. The inhibition of monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2) by AR-C155858 is modulated by the associated ancillary protein. Biochem J. 2010 Oct 15;431(2):217-25. [Content Brief]
[2]. Ovens MJ, et al. AR-C155858 is a potent inhibitor of monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and MCT2 that binds to an intracellular site involving transmembrane helices 7-10. Biochem J. 2010 Jan 15;425(3):523-30. [Content Brief]
[3]. Vijay N, et al. A Novel Monocarboxylate Transporter Inhibitor as a Potential Treatment Strategy for γ-Hydroxybutyric Acid Overdose. Pharm Res. 2015 Jun;32(6):1894-906. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 2.1667 mL | 10.8335 mL | 21.6671 mL | 54.1677 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.4333 mL | 2.1667 mL | 4.3334 mL | 10.8335 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2167 mL | 1.0834 mL | 2.1667 mL | 5.4168 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1444 mL | 0.7222 mL | 1.4445 mL | 3.6112 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1083 mL | 0.5417 mL | 1.0834 mL | 2.7084 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0867 mL | 0.4333 mL | 0.8667 mL | 2.1667 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0722 mL | 0.3611 mL | 0.7222 mL | 1.8056 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0542 mL | 0.2708 mL | 0.5417 mL | 1.3542 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0433 mL | 0.2167 mL | 0.4333 mL | 1.0834 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0361 mL | 0.1806 mL | 0.3611 mL | 0.9028 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0271 mL | 0.1354 mL | 0.2708 mL | 0.6771 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0217 mL | 0.1083 mL | 0.2167 mL | 0.5417 mL |