H-Ala-Ala-OH
Based on 1 Customer Validation
H-Ala-Ala-OH is a substrate of human intestinal oligopeptide transporter (PEPT1/SLC15A1), with an IC50 of 0.25 mM and an EC50 of 0.08 mM against human PEPT1. When used as a dipeptide linker in antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) loaded with glucocorticoid receptor regulator payloads, H-Ala-Ala-OH enables efficient intracellular payload release.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 98.0%
- CAS No.: 1948-31-8
- Formula: C6H12N2O3
- Molecular Weight:160.17
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Storage:
4°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)
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Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Biological Activity
Description
Cellular Effect
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHO | IC50 |
63 μM
Compound: Ala-Ala
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TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Gly-Sar uptake (Gly-Sar: 25000 uM) in PEPT1-expressing CHO cells
TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Gly-Sar uptake (Gly-Sar: 25000 uM) in PEPT1-expressing CHO cells
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[PMID: 8956326] |
| MDCK | EC50 |
0.08 mM
Compound: 3
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Activation of human PEPT1 expressed in MDCK cells
Activation of human PEPT1 expressed in MDCK cells
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[PMID: 16759105] |
| MDCK | IC50 |
0.25 mM
Compound: 3
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Binding affinity to human PEPT1 assessed as inhibition of [14C]Gly-Sar uptake in MDCK cells
Binding affinity to human PEPT1 assessed as inhibition of [14C]Gly-Sar uptake in MDCK cells
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[PMID: 16759105] |
In Vitro
The ADC containing H2Ala-Ala-OH (Ala-Ala) as the dipeptide linker potently activates the GRE luciferase reporter in mTNF-overexpressing K562 cells with an EC50 of 0.92 μg mL−1, and shows no activity in wild-type K562 cells, confirming targeted activity[1].
H-Ala-Ala-OH (0.08-5 mM; 2 min) acts as a highly potent PEPT1 substrate in MDCK-PEPT1 cells, with an EC50 of 0.08 mM and a %GSmax of 125%, resulting in a %GSmax/EC50 ratio of 1700 that classifies it as one of the best PEPT1 substrates tested[2].
H-Ala-Ala-OH (0.1-9 mM; 30 min preincubation, 10 min uptake period) binds to PEPT1 in MDCK-PEPT1 cells with an IC50 of 0.25 mM, confirming it interacts with the transporter's binding pocket[2].
H-Ala-Ala-OH exhibits a favorable low-energy conformation for PEPT1 binding and transport in silico, with flexible small side chains enabling ideal interaction with the transporter's binding pocket[2].
H-Ala-Ala-OH (0.010-100 mM; 30 min) potently inhibits hPEPT1-mediated 3H-Gly-Sar uptake in CHO-PEPT1 cells with an IC50 of 0.063 mM[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Clinical Trial
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 1948-31-8
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 160.17
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Formula C6H12N2O3
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC([C@H](C)N)=O
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Synonyms
L-Alanyl-L-alanine; Ala-Ala
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : ≥ 200 mg/mL (1248.67 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (273 KB)
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SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Korean - KR (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Wang L, et al. Impact of dipeptide on ADC physicochemical properties and efficacy identifies Ala-Ala as the optimal dipeptide. RSC Med Chem. 2023;15(1):355-365. Published 2023 Nov 27. [Content Brief]
[2]. Vig BS, et al. Human PEPT1 pharmacophore distinguishes between dipeptide transport and binding. J Med Chem. 2006;49(12):3636-3644. [Content Brief]
[3]. Covitz KM, et al. Human dipeptide transporter, hPEPT1, stably transfected into Chinese hamster ovary cells. Pharm Res. 1996;13(11):1631-1634. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 6.2434 mL | 31.2168 mL | 62.4337 mL | 156.0842 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.2487 mL | 6.2434 mL | 12.4867 mL | 31.2168 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6243 mL | 3.1217 mL | 6.2434 mL | 15.6084 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.4162 mL | 2.0811 mL | 4.1622 mL | 10.4056 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.3122 mL | 1.5608 mL | 3.1217 mL | 7.8042 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.2497 mL | 1.2487 mL | 2.4973 mL | 6.2434 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.2081 mL | 1.0406 mL | 2.0811 mL | 5.2028 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1561 mL | 0.7804 mL | 1.5608 mL | 3.9021 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1249 mL | 0.6243 mL | 1.2487 mL | 3.1217 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.1041 mL | 0.5203 mL | 1.0406 mL | 2.6014 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0780 mL | 0.3902 mL | 0.7804 mL | 1.9511 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0624 mL | 0.3122 mL | 0.6243 mL | 1.5608 mL |
H-Ala-Ala-OH Related Classifications
HY-W010162 Related Classifications
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Keywords
- H-Ala-Ala-OH
- 1948-31-8
- L-Alanyl-L-alanine
- Ala-Ala
- Amino Acid Derivatives
- mTNF-overexpressing K562 cells
- glucocorticoid receptor modulator
- wild-type K562 cells
- mouse anti-TNF antibody
- mTNF-overexpressing cells
- antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)
- human intestinal oligopeptide transporter (PEPT1/SLC15A1)
- wild-type cells
- PEPT1-overexpressing epithelial cells
- PEPT1
- Inhibitor
- inhibitor
- inhibit