1. Recombinant Proteins
  2. Cytokines and Growth Factors Animal-free Recombinant Proteins
  3. TNF Superfamily
  4. TNF Superfamily Ligands
  5. GITRL/AITRL
  6. Animal-Free AITRL/TNFSF18 Protein, Human (His)

Animal-Free AITRL/TNFSF18 Protein, Human (His)

Cat. No.: HY-P700014AF
COA Handling Instructions

AITRL, a type II transmembrane protein, is a ligand for glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR). When AITRL binds to GITR, GITR can produce costimulatory signals that regulate T-cell proliferation and effector functions. GITR/AITRL interaction plays a role in the pathogenesis of tumor, inflammation, as well as autoimmune diseases. Besides, AITRL plays a role in endothelial cells (EC)-activation and increases STAT-1 phosphorylation and the expression of adhesion molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1). Animal-Free AITRL/TNFSF18 Protein, Human (His) is a recombinant human AITRL (Q49-I174) with C-terminal His tag, which is expressed in E.coli.

Animal-free recombinant proteins offer high consistency and stability, whithout using or contacting of any animal-derived materials and reagents.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

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Size Price Stock Quantity
2 μg $60 In-stock
10 μg $170 In-stock
50 μg $480 In-stock
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Top Publications Citing Use of Products
  • Biological Activity

  • Technical Parameters

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Description

AITRL, a type II transmembrane protein, is a ligand for glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR). When AITRL binds to GITR, GITR can produce costimulatory signals that regulate T-cell proliferation and effector functions. GITR/AITRL interaction plays a role in the pathogenesis of tumor, inflammation, as well as autoimmune diseases[1]. Besides, AITRL plays a role in endothelial cells (EC)-activation and increases STAT-1 phosphorylation and the expression of adhesion molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1)[2]. Animal-Free AITRL/TNFSF18 Protein, Human (His) is a recombinant human AITRL (Q49-I174) with C-terminal His tag, which is expressed in E.coli.

Background

GITRL (AITRL), a type II transmembrane protein, is a ligand for glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR). GITR, a member of the TNFR superfamily, is expressed in T cells, natural killer cells and some myeloid cells. And GITRL is mainly expressed on antigen presenting cells (B cells, dendritic cells), macrophages and endothelial cells (ECs)[1].
When GITRL binds to GITR, GITR can produce costimulatory signals that regulate T-cell proliferation and effector functions. The interaction stimulates proliferation and cytokine production of both CD4+ Teff and Treg cells, and drives antitumor activity of CD8+ T cells[3]. Besides, GITRL plays a role in EC-activation and promotes adhesion in both mice and humans, which increases STAT-1 phosphorylation and the augmented expression of adhesion molecules such as VCAM-1 and ICAM-1[2].
Human GITRL shares < 55% common aa identity with mouse. Human GITRL consists of cytoplasmic domain (M1-W27), helical domain (L28-F48), and extracellular domain (L49-S177). Human GITRL is a trimer, but can also be a monomer or assemble in other multimeric structures[4].
GITR/GITRL interaction plays a role in the pathogenesis of tumor, inflammation, as well as autoimmune diseases[1].

In Vitro

AITRL (human, 48 h) reduces the suppressive capacity of MDSCs on CD4+ T cells (MDSCs induced from healthy donors)[5].

Biological Activity

Measure by its ability to induce IL-8 secretion in human PBMCs. The ED50 for this effect is <2.5 ng/mL.

Species

Human

Source

E. coli

Tag

C-His

Accession

Q9UNG2 (Q49-I174)

Gene ID
Molecular Construction
N-term
AITRL (Q49-I174)
Accession # Q9UNG2
His
C-term
Synonyms
TL6; GITRL; TNLG2A; hGITRL; TNFSF18
AA Sequence

MQLETAKEPCMAKFGPLPSKWQMASSEPPCVNKVSDWKLEILQNGLYLIYGQVAPNANYNDVAPFEVRLYKNKDMIQTLTNKSKIQNVGGTYELHVGDTIDLIFNSEHQVLKNNTYWGIILIANPQEI

Molecular Weight

Approximately 15.34 kDa

Purity

Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Appearance

Lyophilized powder.

Formulation

Lyophilized from a solution containing 1X PBS, pH 7.4.

Endotoxin Level

<0.1 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Reconstitution

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH2O.

Storage & Stability

Stored at -20°C for 2 years. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Documentation
References

Animal-Free AITRL/TNFSF18 Protein, Human (His) Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

  • Reconstitution Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

  • Specific Activity Calculator

The reconstitution calculator equation

Volume (to add to vial) = Mass (in vial) ÷ Desired Reconstitution Concentration

Volume (to add to vial) = Mass (in vial) ÷ Desired Reconstitution Concentration
= ÷

The dilution calculator equation

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
× = ×
C1   V1   C2   V2

The specific activity calculator equation

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) = 106 ÷ Biological Activity (ED50)

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) = 106 ÷ Biological Activity (ED50)
Unit/mg = 106 ÷ ng/mL

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Product Name:
Animal-Free AITRL/TNFSF18 Protein, Human (His)
Cat. No.:
HY-P700014AF
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