B2M/Beta-2-microglobulin Protein, Human (His)

B2M/Beta-2-microglobulin Protein is a secreted protein found on the outside of the cell membrane. B2M/Beta-2-microglobulin Protein is a crucial component of MHC class I molecules, essential for presenting tumor antigens to T cells. B2M/Beta-2-microglobulin Protein is a systemic pro-aging factor that can impair cognitive function and neurogenesis. B2M/Beta-2-microglobulin Protein, Human (His) is a recombinant human Beta-2-microglobulin protein with a His tag, expressed in E. coli^[1][2].

B2M/Beta-2-microglobulin Protein is a low molecular weight protein that shares sequence homology with immunoglobulins. It is found in almost all nucleated cells and most body fluids, including serum, urine, and synovial fluid^[2].
B2M/Beta-2-microglobulin Protein shows about 70% amino acid sequence similarity with mouse protein, and both are located on homologous chromosomes. The secondary structure of this protein consists of seven β chains, which are connected by a single disulfide bond to form two β sheets, displaying the classic β sandwich structure typical of immunoglobulin domains^[3].
B2M/Beta-2-microglobulin Protein is expressed at a constant level in many cells and can induce the expression of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 in various cell types, regulate the expression of hormones/growth factors, and coordinate interactions between cytokines and their receptors^[2].
B2M/Beta-2-microglobulin Protein can interact with MHC I or similar molecules to stabilize their tertiary structure, and it plays a significant role in regulating functions related to the survival, proliferation, apoptosis, and even metastasis of cancer cells^[2].
B2M/Beta-2-microglobulin Protein is closely related to diseases such as acute and chronic inflammation, liver/kidney dysfunction, viral infections, and tumors^[2].

The expression of B2M/Beta-2-microglobulin Protein in B2M gene-transfected melanoma cells FO-1 can induce the expression of HLA class I antigens, which leads to a decreased sensitivity of tumor cells to lysis mediated by natural killer cells^[4].
Targeting the destruction of the B2M/Beta-2-microglobulin gene can reduce the immunogenicity of human embryonic stem cells^[5].

In B2M gene knockout mice, the lack of B2M/Beta-2-microglobulin Protein expression leads to decreased mating frequency and impaired reproductive phenotype^[1].
In mice with functional inactivation of the B2M gene, the lack of B2M/Beta-2-microglobulin protein expression leads to resistance against diabetes and pancreatitis^[2].
B2M/Beta-2-microglobulin Protein (100 μg/kg; 5 times within 12 days; intraorbital injections) can impair the learning and memory abilities of young mice^[1].

Immobilized Human B2M at 2 μg/mL (100 μL/well) can bind Anti-B2M antibody. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.5-1.0 μg/mL.

• 
  Immobilized Human B2M at 2 μg/mL (100 μL/well) can bind Anti-B2M antibody. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.6315 μg/mL.

Human

E. coli

N-6*His

P61769 (I21-M119)

567  [NCBI]

Full Length of Mature Protein

IQRTPKIQVYSRHPAENGKSNFLNCYVSGFHPSDIEVDLLKNGERIEKVEHSDLSFSKDWSFYLLYYTEFTPTEKDEYACRVNHVTLSQPKIVKWDRDM

Approximately 14.0 kDa

• 
  ≥ 95%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Lyophilized powder

1.Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of PBS, pH 7.4.
2.Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of PBS, 300 mM NaCl, pH 7.4.
3.Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of 20 mM PB, 300 mM NaCl, 10% trehalose, 0.02% Tween 80, pH 7.4.
4.Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of PBS, pH 7.4, 8% trehalose.
Please refer to the lot-specific COA for specific buffer information.

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH₂O. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

Stored at -20°C for 2 years from date of receipt. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

• [1]. Smith LK, et al. β2-microglobulin is a systemic pro-aging factor that impairs cognitive function and neurogenesis. Nat Med. 2015 Aug;21(8):932-7.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Li L, et al. The Implication and Significance of Beta 2 Microglobulin: A Conservative Multifunctional Regulator. Chin Med J (Engl). 2016 Feb 20;129(4):448-55.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Saper MA, et al. Refined structure of the human histocompatibility antigen HLA-A2 at 2.6 A resolution. J Mol Biol. 1991 May 20;219(2):277-319.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Maio M, et al. Reduction in susceptibility to natural killer cell-mediated lysis of human FO-1 melanoma cells after induction of HLA class I antigen expression by transfection with B2m gene. J Clin Invest. 1991 Jul;88(1):282-9.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Wang D, et al. Targeted Disruption of the β2-Microglobulin Gene Minimizes the Immunogenicity of Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2015 Oct;4(10):1234-45.  [Content Brief]

  [6]. Cooper JC, et al. An impaired breeding phenotype in mice with a genetic deletion of beta-2 microglobulin and diminished MHC class I expression: role in reproductive fitness. Biol Reprod. 2007 Aug;77(2):274-9.  [Content Brief]

  [7]. Serreze DV, et al. Major histocompatibility complex class I-deficient NOD-B2mnull mice are diabetes and insulitis resistant. Diabetes. 1994 Mar;43(3):505-9.  [Content Brief]