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TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (HEK293)

13 Cited Publications
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Based on 13 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2), an extracellular glycosylated protein, is a member of the TGF-β superfamily. TGFβ2 controls key physiological processes including cell migration, proliferation and differentiation via signalling through type I and type II receptors (TGFβR1 and TGFβR2). TGF-β2 is an immune suppressor involved in the development of immune tolerance, and also regulates embryonic development. TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (HEK293) is produced in HEK293 cells, and consists of 112 amino acids (A303-S414).

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  • Species: Human
  • Source: HEK293
  • Experimental Validation Results for TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (HEK293)
  • Experimental Validation Results for TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (HEK293)
  • Experimental Validation Results for TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (HEK293)
  • Experimental Validation Results for TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (HEK293)
  • Experimental Validation Results for TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (HEK293)
  • Experimental Validation Results for TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (HEK293)
  • Experimental Validation Results for TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (HEK293)
  • Experimental Validation Results for TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (HEK293)
  • TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (HEK293) Product Image
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  • Biological Activity
  • Technical Parameters
  • Product Properties
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  • References
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Biological Activity

Description

Transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2), an extracellular glycosylated protein, is a member of the TGF-β superfamily. TGFβ2 controls key physiological processes including cell migration, proliferation and differentiation via signalling through type I and type II receptors (TGFβR1 and TGFβR2). TGF-β2 is an immune suppressor involved in the development of immune tolerance, and also regulates embryonic development[1][2]. TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (HEK293) is produced in HEK293 cells, and consists of 112 amino acids (A303-S414).

Background

In mammals, three different isoforms of TGF-β are described (TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3; transforming growth factor beta) to regulate apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, migration and invasion processes utilising overlapping but not redundant mechanisms. All three isoforms are expressed in the liver, but their expression is differentially distributed among liver cell types. TGF-β2 expression in different liver cell types and is also associated with developmental defects and fibrotic diseases in mice[1][2][3].
The sequence of amino acids in TGF-β2 proteins from different species is very stable, which leads to the conclusion that in the process of evolution, TGF-β2 has been only slightly altered, and that both in humans and in animals, its function is similar.
TGFβ2 is a transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) family cytokine, with members of this cytokine family playing broad regulatory roles and controlling key physiological processes including cell migration, proliferation and differentiation via signalling through type I and type II receptors (TGFβR1 and TGFβR2), with signals propagating via the downstream regulatory SMAD proteins. This TGFβ/SMAD pathway is frequently dysregulated in human cancer. TGFβ cytokines are capable of suppressing T cell growth in response to IL‐2. The degree of TGFβ2 expression correlated with the expression of several different markers of immune cell subsets within tumours. In addition, TGF-β2 regulates embryonic development and, therefore not surprisingly, global Tgfb2 null mice exhibit a wide range of developmental defects and perinatal mortality[1][2][3].
TGF-β2 is an immune suppressor involved in the development of immune tolerance, and recombinant TGF-β2 incubation is more potent than TGF-β1 or TGF-β3 in suppressing macrophage inflammatory responses. TGF-β2 is shown to correlate with bad prognosis in intrahepatic CCAs and hepatocellular carcinoma. Mechanistically, canonical Smad signalling as well as crosstalk with Yap, Hippo, Wnt and β-catenin signalling have been demonstrated in the liver and other organs[1][2][3].

In Vitro

Recombinant human TGF-β2 (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 ng/mL; for 24 h) increases extracellular matrix (ECM) protein synthesis and secretion in optic nerve head (ONH) astrocytes and lamina cribrosa (LC) cells. TGF-β2 induces phosphorylation of canonical signaling proteins Smad2/3 but does not alter phosphorylation of non-canonical signaling proteins ERK1/2, p38, and JNK1/2 proteins in ONH astrocytes and LC cells[4].

Verified Bioactivity

1.The ED50 is <0.2 ng/mL as measured by mouse HT-2 cells.
2.Measured by its ability to inhibit the IL-4-dependent proliferation of TF-1 cells.The ED50 for this effect is 30-180 pg/mL.
3.Loaded Lerdelimumab (HY-P99695) on ProA biosensor, can bind TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (HEK293) with an affinity constant of 1.927E-09 M as determined in BLI assay.

Technical Parameters

  • Species Human
  • Source HEK293
  • Tag Tag Free
  • Accession

    P61812-1 (A303-S414)

  • Gene ID
    7042  [NCBI]
  • Molecular Construction
    • N-term
    • TGFB2 (A303-S414)
      Accession # P61812-1
    • C-term
  • Protein Length

    Full Length of Mature TGFB2

  • Synonyms

    TGFB2; Transforming Growth Factor, Beta 2; Transforming Growth Factor Beta 2; BSC-1 Cell Growth Inhibitor; Glioblastoma-Derived T-Cell Suppressor Factor; TGF-Beta2; Transforming Growth Factor Beta-2 Proprotein; Polyergin; Prepro-Transforming Growth Factor

  • AA Sequence

    ALDAAYCFRNVQDNCCLRPLYIDFKRDLGWKWIHEPKGYNANFCAGACPYLWSSDTQHSRVLSLYNTINPEASASPCCVSQDLEPLTILYYIGKTPKIEQLSNMIVKSCKCS

  • Predicted Molecular Mass

    12.7 kDa

  • Molecular Weight

    Approximately 13 kDa, based on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions, due to the glycosylation.

  • Glycosylation

    Yes

  • Purity

    ≥ 95%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Product Properties

Formulation

Lyophilized after extensive dialysis against 4 mM HCl.

Endotoxin Level

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

Reconstitution

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH2O. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

References

[1]. Hirokazu Takahashi, et al. TGF-β2 is an exercise-induced adipokine that regulates glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Nat Metab. 2019 Feb;1(2):291-303. [Content Brief]

[2]. Zunqiang Xiao, et al. TGFβ2 is a prognostic-related biomarker and correlated with immune infiltrates in gastric cancer. J Cell Mol Med. 2020 Jul;24(13):7151-7162. [Content Brief]

[3]. Anne Dropmann, et al. TGF-β2 silencing to target biliary-derived liver diseases. Gut. 2020 Sep;69(9):1677-1690. [Content Brief]

[4]. Gulab S Zode, et al. Transforming growth factor-β2 increases extracellular matrix proteins in optic nerve head cells via activation of the Smad signaling pathway. Mol Vis. 2011;17:1745-58. [Content Brief]

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Calculators

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The Specific Activity Calculator Equation
  • Specific Activity (Unit/mg)
  • Biological Activity (ED50)

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) = 106 ÷ Biological Activity (ED50)

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) Specific Activity (Unit/mg)
Unit/mg
= 106 ÷
Biological Activity (ED50) Biological Activity (ED50)
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ng/mL
MOQ
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100 mg

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Measured by its ability to inhibit anti-CD3-induced proliferation of stimulated CTLL-2 mouse cytotoxic T cells. The ED50 this effect is 0.8023 μg/ml, corresponding to a specific activity is 1246.42 units/mg.

Assay Types
  • 1/16

    MedChemExpress Validation
     ≥ 95%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

  • 1/16

    MedChemExpress Validation
     Measured by its ability to inhibit the IL-4-dependent proliferation of HT‑2 mouse T cells. The ED50 for this effect is 0.096 ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 1.04×107 units/mg.

  • 1/16

    MedChemExpress Validation
     Loaded Lerdelimumab (HY-P99695) on ProA biosensor, can bind TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (HEK293) with an affinity constant of 1.927E-09 M as determined in BLI assay.

  • 1/16

    TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (HEK293) purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Theranostics. 2025 Jan 1;15(2):745-765. [Abstract]

    Customer Validation
     qRT-PCR showing the transcript levels of PIM1 in HUVEC, MAEC and MPLEC treated with H2O2 (200 μM) and TGF-β (50 ng/mL, 48 h).

  • 1/16

    TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (HEK293) purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Theranostics. 2025 Jan 1;15(2):745-765. [Abstract]

    Customer Validation
     Representative Western blot images and quantification of PIM1, PIM1, ZO-1, ZEB1, CD31, N-Cadherin, VE-Cadherin, Vimentin, α-SMA, Slug, Snail and TAGLN levels in HUVEC, MAEC and MPLEC treated with H2O2 (200 μM) and TGF-β (50 ng/mL, 48 h).

  • 1/16

    TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (HEK293) purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Theranostics. 2025 Jan 1;15(2):745-765. [Abstract]

    Customer Validation
     Endothelial scratch wound healing assays and Transwell assay were performed, showing that PIM1 silenced attenuated migration of HUVEC induced by H2O2 (200 μM) and TGF-β (50 ng/mL).

  • 1/16

    TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (HEK293) purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Theranostics. 2025 Jan 1;15(2):745-765. [Abstract]

    Customer Validation
     Fluorescence localization and quantification of NDRG1 (Green) in HUVEC and MAEC pretreated with siNC or siPIM1-1, siPIM1-2 and stimulated with H2O2 (200 μM) and TGF-β (50 ng/mL, 48 h).

  • 1/16

    TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (HEK293) purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Genes Dis. 2022 May 26;10(2):505-520. [Abstract]

    Customer Validation
     Effects of TGF-β on the mRNA expression of m6A methylases METTL3 in RPE cells (ARPE-19). ARPE-19 cells were treated with TGF-β2 (20 ng/ml, MedChemexpress) for 24 h, and total RNA was isolated to analyze the expression of the genes by real-time PCR. The expression of METTL3 was significantly inhibited by adding TGF-β compared with control (t-test, ∗∗P < 0.01).

  • TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (HEK293) Product Image
    1/16
  • Experimental Validation Results for TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (HEK293)
  • Experimental Validation Results for TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (HEK293)
  • Experimental Validation Results for TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (HEK293)
  • Experimental Validation Results for TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (HEK293)
  • Experimental Validation Results for TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (HEK293)
  • Experimental Validation Results for TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (HEK293)
  • Experimental Validation Results for TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (HEK293)
  • Experimental Validation Results for TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (HEK293)
  • TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (HEK293) Product Image

  • TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (HEK293) purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Theranostics. 2025 Jan 1;15(2):745-765. [Abstract]

    qRT-PCR showing the transcript levels of PIM1 in HUVEC, MAEC and MPLEC treated with H2O2 (200 μM) and TGF-β (50 ng/mL, 48 h).

  • TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (HEK293) purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Theranostics. 2025 Jan 1;15(2):745-765. [Abstract]

    Representative Western blot images and quantification of PIM1, PIM1, ZO-1, ZEB1, CD31, N-Cadherin, VE-Cadherin, Vimentin, α-SMA, Slug, Snail and TAGLN levels in HUVEC, MAEC and MPLEC treated with H2O2 (200 μM) and TGF-β (50 ng/mL, 48 h).

  • TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (HEK293) purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Theranostics. 2025 Jan 1;15(2):745-765. [Abstract]

    Endothelial scratch wound healing assays and Transwell assay were performed, showing that PIM1 silenced attenuated migration of HUVEC induced by H2O2 (200 μM) and TGF-β (50 ng/mL).

  • TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (HEK293) purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Theranostics. 2025 Jan 1;15(2):745-765. [Abstract]

    Fluorescence localization and quantification of NDRG1 (Green) in HUVEC and MAEC pretreated with siNC or siPIM1-1, siPIM1-2 and stimulated with H2O2 (200 μM) and TGF-β (50 ng/mL, 48 h).

  • TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (HEK293) purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Genes Dis. 2022 May 26;10(2):505-520. [Abstract]

    Effects of TGF-β on the mRNA expression of m6A methylases METTL3 in RPE cells (ARPE-19). ARPE-19 cells were treated with TGF-β2 (20 ng/ml, MedChemexpress) for 24 h, and total RNA was isolated to analyze the expression of the genes by real-time PCR. The expression of METTL3 was significantly inhibited by adding TGF-β compared with control (t-test, ∗∗P < 0.01).