2. TGF-beta/Smad Cytoskeleton
  3. TGF-β Receptor Collagen
  4. Endotrophin (Mus musculus)

Endotrophin (Mus musculus) is an adipokine, a cleavage fragment derived from Collagen VI, whose levels are elevated in adipose tissue and breast tumors of obese mice. Endotrophin (Mus musculus) activates the TGF-β signaling pathway and reduces the expression of hormone-sensitive lipase. Endotrophin (Mus musculus) induces adipogenesis, lipid accumulation, fibrosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, adipose tissue expansion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and insulin resistance; it also induces Cisplatin (HY-17394) resistance in cancer cells. Endotrophin (Mus musculus) can be used in research related to metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, as well as cancers such as breast cancer.

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Endotrophin (Mus musculus)

Endotrophin (Mus musculus) Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 1678414-54-4

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Other Forms of Endotrophin (Mus musculus):

Endotrophin (Mus musculus) Related Antibodies

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Description

Endotrophin (Mus musculus) is an adipokine, a cleavage fragment derived from Collagen VI, whose levels are elevated in adipose tissue and breast tumors of obese mice. Endotrophin (Mus musculus) activates the TGF-β signaling pathway and reduces the expression of hormone-sensitive lipase. Endotrophin (Mus musculus) induces adipogenesis, lipid accumulation, fibrosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, adipose tissue expansion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and insulin resistance; it also induces Cisplatin (HY-17394) resistance in cancer cells. Endotrophin (Mus musculus) can be used in research related to metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, as well as cancers such as breast cancer[1][2][3].

In Vitro

Endotrophin (Mus musculus) (24 h) upregulates the expression of pro-fibrotic (Col1α1, Tgfβ1, TgfβR2) and pro-inflammatory (Nlrp3, Tlr4) genes in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) isolated from mouse white adipose tissue (WAT)[1].
Endotrophin (Mus musculus) (24-72 h) induces fibrosis in differentiating 3T3-L1 mouse adipocytes, reduces adiponectin expression, promotes adipogenesis, inhibits lipolysis, and increases lipid accumulation[1].
Endotrophin (Mus musculus) (24 h) upregulates the expression of Lox, pro-inflammatory genes (Il-1β, Tnf-α, F4/80), and M1 macrophage markers (Cd40, Cd86) in primary macrophages isolated from mouse white adipose tissue (WAT)[1].
Endotrophin (Mus musculus) is abundantly secreted in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, whereas no secreted level is detected in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Endotrophin (Mus musculus) Related Antibodies
In Vivo

Endotrophin (Mus musculus) (200 mg/kg; ad libitum; 8 weeks)​ administration in high-fat diet-fed mice induces local adipose tissue overexpression that promotes adipogenesis, suppresses lipolysis via reduced HSL phosphorylation, enhances lipid accumulation in adipose tissue, and shifts macrophage polarization toward a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype[1].
Neutralizing antibody against Endotrophin (Mus musculus) neutralizes endotrophin activity in high-fat diet-induced obese mice and significantly improves insulin sensitivity[2].
Overexpression of Endotrophin (Mus musculus) in MMTV-PyMT transgenic mice significantly increases primary tumor volume, promotes the growth of lung metastatic lesions, and restores tumor growth in collagen VI-deficient MMTV-PyMT mice[2].
Induction of Endotrophin (Mus musculus) confers cisplatin resistance in breast tumor-bearing mice, while neutralizing Endotrophin activity or reducing its levels using TZDs restores cisplatin sensitivity[2].
Endotrophin (Mus musculus) induces adipose tissue fibrosis and inflammation in mice, and causes systemic dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance; blocking endogenous Endotrophin with neutralizing antibodies effectively reverses these manifestations[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: C57BL/6 (male, 7 weeks old, high-fat diet plus doxycycline-induced adipose tissue-specific overexpression)[1]
Dosage: 200 mg/kg (doxycycline for endotrophin overexpression)
Administration: ad libitum; 8 weeks
Result: Upregulated mRNA levels of adipogenic genes Pparg, Fabp4, Srebp1, and Pref-1 in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT).
Increased protein levels of PPARγ in sWAT.
Significantly decreased phosphorylated HSL (Ser660) levels in sWAT, while total HSL levels remained unchanged.
Significantly decreased Cd36 mRNA levels in sWAT.
Significantly increased lipid content in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT).
Significantly elevated ratio of M1 (CD11c-positive) to M2 (CD206-positive) macrophages in sWAT.
Molecular Weight

7876.83

Formula

C345H520N92O106S7
CAS No.
Sequence

Thr-Glu-Pro-Leu-Phe-Leu-Thr-Lys-Thr-Asp-Ile-Cys-Lys-Leu-Ser-Arg-Asp-Ala-Gly-Thr-Cys-Val-Asp-Phe-Lys-Leu-Leu-Trp-His-Tyr-Asp-Leu-Glu-Ser-Lys-Ser-Cys-Lys-Arg-Phe-Trp-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Cys-Gly-Gly-Asn-Glu-Asn-Arg-Phe-His-Ser-Gln-Glu-Glu-Cys-Glu-Lys-Met-Cys-Ser-Pro-Glu-Leu-Thr-Val (Disulfide bridge:Cys12-Cys62,Cys21-Cys4,Cys37-Cys58)
Sequence Shortening

TEPLFLTKTDICKLSRDAGTCVDFKLLWHYDLESKSCKRFWYGGCGGNENRFHSQEECEKMCSPELTV (Disulfide bridge:Cys12-Cys62,Cys21-Cys4,Cys37-Cys58)
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Endotrophin (Mus musculus) Related Classifications

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  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Endotrophin (Mus musculus)1678414-54-4TGF-β ReceptorCollagenTransforming growth factor beta receptorsTGF-β receptor 2primary macrophagesTGF-β signalingdifferentiated adipocytesMMTV-PyMT transgenic miceC57BL/6 miceMus musculus3T3-L1 mouse adipocyteshormone-sensitive lipasecollagen 6 α3 chain C5 domainInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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