S100A8-S100A9 Heterodimer Protein, Human (His, solution)

S100A8 consists of calcium and zinc bound S100A8, which plays a critical regulatory role in inflammation and immune responses. As calprotectin, it contributes to leukocyte function, regulates the cytoskeleton, and activates intracellular NADPH oxidase. S100A8-S100A9 Heterodimer Protein, Human (His, solution) is a recombinant protein dimer complex containing human-derived S100A8-S100A9 Heterodimer protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-6*His labeled tag.

The S100A8, consisting of calcium- and zinc-binding S100A8, plays a crucial role in regulating inflammatory processes and immune responses. Often found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9), it serves diverse intracellular functions, including facilitating leukocyte arachidonic acid trafficking and metabolism, modulating the tubulin-dependent cytoskeleton during phagocyte migration, and activating the neutrophilic NADPH-oxidase. In particular, it activates NADPH-oxidase by aiding in the assembly of the enzyme complex at the cell membrane, transferring arachidonic acid, and directly binding to NCF2/P67PHOX. Extracellularly, it exhibits pro-inflammatory, antimicrobial, oxidant-scavenging, and apoptosis-inducing activities. Acting as an alarmin or danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule, S100A8 stimulates innate immune cells through binding to pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER), activating MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways and amplifying the pro-inflammatory cascade. With antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi, it likely exerts this effect through Zn(2+) chelation essential for microbial growth. Additionally, S100A8/A9 induces cell death via autophagy and apoptosis, regulates neutrophil number and apoptosis, and acts as an oxidant scavenger to prevent tissue damage. Its role as an amplifier of inflammation in autoimmunity and cancer development is notable, and in microbial infection, such as by SARS-CoV-2, it may induce expansion of aberrant immature neutrophils in a TLR4-dependent manner.

1.Measured by its ability to induce IL-6 secretion by A375 human melanoma cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 1.5-2.5 μg/mL.
2.Immobilized Recombinant Human S100A8/A9 Heterodimer (C 6His) at 2 μg/mL (100 μl/well) can bind Anti-Human S100A9 Antibody. The ED₅₀ of Anti-Human S100A9 Antibody is 9.91 ng/mL.

• 
  Measured by its ability to induce IL-6 secretion by A375 human melanoma cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 1.544 μg/mL.

Human

E. coli

C-6*His

P05109 (M1-E93) (S100A8)&P06702 (T2-P114) (S100A9)

6279  [NCBI]&6280  [NCBI]

A1:
MLTELEKALNSIIDVYHKYSLIKGNFHAVYRDDLKKLLETECPQYIRKKGADVWFKELDINTDGAVNFQEFLILVIKMGVAAHKKSHEESHKE
A2:
TCKMSQLERNIETIINTFHQYSVKLGHPDTLNQGEFKELVRKDLQNFLKKENKNEKVIEHIMEDLDTNADKQLSFEEFIMLMARLTWASHEKMHEGDEGPGHHHKPGLGEGTP

Approximately 13 kDa & 15-17 kDa, based on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions, due to the glycosylation.

• 
  ≥ 95%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Solution

1.Supplied as a 0.22 μm filtered solution of 20 mM HEPES, 10% Glycerol, 150 mM NaCl, 2.5 mM EDTA, pH 7.4.
2.Supplied as a 0.22 μm filtered solution of 50 mM HEPES, 300 mM NaCl, 200 mM Arginine, pH 7.5.
3.Supplied as a 0.22 μm filtered solution of PBS, 2 mM DTT, pH 8.0.
4.Supplied as a 0.22 μm filtered solution of PBS, 5 mM TCEP, pH 8.0.
Please refer to the lot-specific COA for specific buffer information.

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

N/A.

Stored at -80°C for 1 year from date of receipt. It is stable at -20°C for 3 months after opening. It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -80°C for extended storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Shipping with dry ice.