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S100A8-S100A9 Heterodimer Protein, Human (His)

Cat. No.: HY-P71076
COA Handling Instructions

S100A8, binding to calcium and zinc, crucially regulates inflammation and immune responses. As calprotectin, it aids leukocyte functions, modulates cytoskeleton, and activates NADPH-oxidase intracellularly. Extracellularly, it displays pro-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and apoptosis-inducing activities, acting as a DAMP molecule that stimulates innate immune cells through TLR4 and AGER. With antimicrobial effects, it regulates neutrophils, induces cell death, and prevents tissue damage. Notably, it amplifies inflammation in autoimmunity and cancer, potentially influencing aberrant neutrophil expansion in microbial infections like SARS-CoV-2. S100A8-S100A9 Heterodimer Protein, Human (His) is a recombinant protein dimer complex containing human-derived S100A8-S100A9 Heterodimer protein, expressed by E. coli, with C-6*His labeled tag. S100A8-S100A9 Heterodimer Protein, Human (His), has molecular weight of 13 & 15 kDa, respectively.

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  • Biological Activity

  • Technical Parameters

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Description

S100A8, binding to calcium and zinc, crucially regulates inflammation and immune responses. As calprotectin, it aids leukocyte functions, modulates cytoskeleton, and activates NADPH-oxidase intracellularly. Extracellularly, it displays pro-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and apoptosis-inducing activities, acting as a DAMP molecule that stimulates innate immune cells through TLR4 and AGER. With antimicrobial effects, it regulates neutrophils, induces cell death, and prevents tissue damage. Notably, it amplifies inflammation in autoimmunity and cancer, potentially influencing aberrant neutrophil expansion in microbial infections like SARS-CoV-2. S100A8-S100A9 Heterodimer Protein, Human (His) is a recombinant protein dimer complex containing human-derived S100A8-S100A9 Heterodimer protein, expressed by E. coli, with C-6*His labeled tag. S100A8-S100A9 Heterodimer Protein, Human (His), has molecular weight of 13 & 15 kDa, respectively.

Background

S100A8, plays a crucial role in regulating inflammatory processes and immune responses. Often found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9), it serves diverse intracellular functions, including facilitating leukocyte arachidonic acid trafficking and metabolism, modulating the tubulin-dependent cytoskeleton during phagocyte migration, and activating the neutrophilic NADPH-oxidase. In particular, it activates NADPH-oxidase by aiding in the assembly of the enzyme complex at the cell membrane, transferring arachidonic acid, and directly binding to NCF2/P67PHOX. Extracellularly, it exhibits pro-inflammatory, antimicrobial, oxidant-scavenging, and apoptosis-inducing activities. Acting as an alarmin or danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule, S100A8 stimulates innate immune cells through binding to pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER), activating MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways and amplifying the pro-inflammatory cascade. With antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi, it likely exerts this effect through Zn(2+) chelation essential for microbial growth. Additionally, S100A8/A9 induces cell death via autophagy and apoptosis, regulates neutrophil number and apoptosis, and acts as an oxidant scavenger to prevent tissue damage. Its role as an amplifier of inflammation in autoimmunity and cancer development is notable, and in microbial infection, such as by SARS-CoV-2, it may induce expansion of aberrant immature neutrophils in a TLR4-dependent manner.

Biological Activity

Measured by its ability to induce IL-6 secretion by human melanoma cells. The ED50 for this effect is 1.472 μg/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 679.348 U/mg.

Species

Human

Source

E. coli

Tag

C-6*His

Accession

P05109 (M1-E93)(S100A8) & P06702 (T2-P114) (S100A9)

Gene ID

6279  [NCBI]&6280  [NCBI]

Molecular Construction
N-term
S100A8 (M1-E93)
Accession # P05109
C-term
N-term
S100A9 (T2-P114)
Accession # P06702
6*His
C-term
Synonyms
S100A8/S100A9 Heterodimer
AA Sequence

A1:MLTELEKALN
SIIDVYHKYSLIKGNFHAVYRDDLKKLLETECPQYIRKKGADVWFKELDINTDGAVNFQEFLILVIKMGVAAHKKSHEESHKE
A2:TCKMSQLERN
IETIINTFHQYSVKLGHPDTLNQGEFKELVRKDLQNFLKKENKNEKVIEHIMEDLDTNADKQLSFEEFIMLMARLTWASHEKMHEGDEGPGHHHKPGLGEGTP

Molecular Weight

13&15 kDa

Purity

Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Appearance

Solution

Formulation

Supplied as a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 20 mM HEPES, 10% Glycerol, 150 mM NaCl, 2.5 mM EDTA, pH 7.4 or 50 mM HEPES, 300 mM NaCl, 200 mM Arginine, pH 7.5.

Endotoxin Level

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

Storage & Stability

Stored at -80°C for 1 year. It is stable at -20°C for 3 months after opening. It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -80°C for extended storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Shipping

Shipping with dry ice.

Documentation

S100A8-S100A9 Heterodimer Protein, Human (His) Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

  • Reconstitution Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

  • Specific Activity Calculator

The reconstitution calculator equation

Volume (to add to vial) = Mass (in vial) ÷ Desired Reconstitution Concentration

Volume (to add to vial) = Mass (in vial) ÷ Desired Reconstitution Concentration
= ÷

The dilution calculator equation

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
× = ×
C1   V1   C2   V2

The specific activity calculator equation

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) = 106 ÷ Biological Activity (ED50)

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) = 106 ÷ Biological Activity (ED50)
Unit/mg = 106 ÷ ng/mL

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Product Name:
S100A8-S100A9 Heterodimer Protein, Human (His)
Cat. No.:
HY-P71076
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