2. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage Epigenetics Anti-infection
  3. HDAC Virus Protease
  4. 4-Phenylbutyric acid

4-Phenylbutyric acid  (Synonyms: 4-PBA; Benzenebutyric acid)

Cat. No.: HY-A0281 Purity: 99.98%
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4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) is an inhibitor of HDAC and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, used in cancer and infection research.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

4-Phenylbutyric acid Chemical Structure

4-Phenylbutyric acid Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 1821-12-1

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Based on 113 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of 4-Phenylbutyric acid:

4-Phenylbutyric acid Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

111 Publications Citing Use of MCE 4-Phenylbutyric acid

WB

    4-Phenylbutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Autophagy. 2021 Nov;17(11):3592-3606.  [Abstract]

    Cells are treated with 20 μM Cannabidiol for 24 h with or without pretreatment with 4-PBA (1 mM for 30 min); expression levels of ER stress and mitophagy related proteins are analyzed by western blotting.

    4-Phenylbutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Dis. 2021 Jun 11;12(6):606.  [Abstract]

    4-PBA administration significantly decreases ER stress-related protein levels of BIP and phospho-eIF2α. Moreover, decreased cleaved caspase 3 and increased occludin and claudin 1 levels are found after 4-PBA treatment.

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    • Purity & Documentation

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    Description

    4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) is an inhibitor of HDAC and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, used in cancer and infection research.

    IC50 & Target[1]

    HDAC

     

    In Vitro

    4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) is an inhibitor of HDAC, inhibits the growth of NSCLC Cell Lines at 2 mM. Benzenebutyric acid in combination with ciglitizone results in enhanced growth arrest of cancer cells[1]. 4-Phenylbutyric acid (0-5 mM) inhibits ASFV infection in a dose-dependent manner. Benzenebutyric acid also inhibits the ASFV late protein synthesis and disrupts the virus-induced H3K9/K14 hypoacetylation status. Benzenebutyric acid and enrofloxacin act synergistically to abolish ASFV replication[2]. Addition of bafilomycin A1 results in accumulation of LC3II, whereas 4-Phenylbutyric acid substantially reduces this accumulation. LPS decreases the level of p62, whereas Benzenebutyric acid reverses this decrease upon LPS stimulation for 48 h. The percentage of cells with LPS-induced AVOs is increased at 48 h, whereas 4-Phenylbutyric acid significantly reduces this percentage. Specifically, the percentage of cells with AVOs decreases from 61.6% to 53.1% upon Benzenebutyric acid treatment, supporting that 4-Phenylbutyric acid inhibits LPS-induced autophagy. As a positive control for autophagy inhibition, bafilomycin A1 is used. The percentage of cells with LPS-induced AVOs is reduced by bafilomycin A1 treatment. The decreased OC area and fusion index observed after Benzenebutyric acid treatment are not observed with knockdown of ATG7. Inhibition of NF-κB using BAY 11-7082 and JSH23 reduce the LC3 II level upon LPS stimulation and completely abolish the inhibitory effect of Benzenebutyric acid on LPS-induced effects[3].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    4-Phenylbutyric acid Related Antibodies
    In Vivo

    LPS induces significant bone loss and decreases bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume (BV/TV), and trabecular thickness (Tb. Th) compared with PBS alone, whereas trabecular space (Tb. Sp.) is increased. 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) attenuates LPS-induced bone loss. Treatment with 4-Phenylbutyric acid increases BMD, BV/TV, and Tb. Th. compared with LPS alone, in addition to decreasing the enlargement of Tb. Sp., but no change is observed when mice are treated with Benzenebutyric acid alone. OC.S/BS as assessed by TRAP staining is also significantly reduced when Benzenebutyric acid is administered to LPS-treated mice. However, OC.N/BS tends to decrease, although not with statistical significance, when mice are treated with Benzenebutyric acid and LPS. These results indicate that the effect of Benzenebutyric acid on OC from LPS-treated mice is to reduce its size rather than number. Consistent with these findings, a marker of bone resorption in vivo, serum CTX-1 which is elevated by LPS treatment is decreased when Benzenebutyric acid administered to LPS-injected mice. However, co-treatment with Benzenebutyric acid do not significantly affect the levels of serum ALP and osteocalcin, 2 markers of bone formation in vivo, compared with LPS alone. Benzenebutyric acid also reduces the LPS-induced rise in serum MCP-1, indicating that Benzenebutyric acid decreases systemic inflammation induced by LPS[3].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
    Molecular Weight

    164.20

    Formula

    C10H12O2
    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    White to off-white

    SMILES

    O=C(O)CCCC1=CC=CC=C1
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
    Storage
    Powder -20°C 3 years
    4°C 2 years
    In solvent -80°C 6 months
    -20°C 1 month
    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    DMSO : 100 mg/mL (609.01 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    H2O : 2 mg/mL (12.18 mM; Need ultrasonic)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 6.0901 mL 30.4507 mL 60.9013 mL
    5 mM 1.2180 mL 6.0901 mL 12.1803 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

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    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

    Concentration (start)

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    In Vivo:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  15% Cremophor EL    85% Saline

      Solubility: 50 mg/mL (304.51 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (15.23 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

      Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.

    For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  20% HP-β-CD in Saline

      Solubility: 33.33 mg/mL (202.98 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

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    Dosing volume
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    Number of animals

    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Please enter your animal formula composition:
    %
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    % 
    +
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    %
    Saline
    Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
    The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
     If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
    Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.98%

    COA (243 KB) HNMR (195 KB) LCMS (122 KB) Elemental Analysis Report (102 KB)

    Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
    References
    Cell Assay
    [1]

    Briefly, viable cells, as judged by trypan blue dye exclusion, are seeded at a density of 4×104 cells/mL in 60-mm dishes in RPMI 1640 with 10% fetal bovine serum and 0.35% agarose on a base layer of 0.7% agarose. DMSO, TSA, or PB is added to both bottom and top agarose layers. Assays are performed in triplicate on at least three separate occasions, and colonies are counted at 10-14 days[1].

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
    Animal Administration
    [3]

    Mice[3]
    Female 10-week-old C57BL/6J mice are housed in the pathogen-free animal facility of IRC. Animals are randomized into the following 4 groups: vehicle control (n=5), vehicle+Benzenebutyric acid (n=6), LPS (n=6), and LPS+Benzenebutyric acid (n=6). Mice are treated with LPS in 200 μL phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) once a week (5 mg/kg, i.p.) for 3 weeks. Benzenebutyric acid solution is prepared by titrating equimolecular amounts of Benzenebutyric acid and sodium hydroxide to reach pH 7.4; mice are injected daily intraperitoneally in 200 μL PBS (or with PBS as a vehicle) at a dose of 240 mg/kg for 3 weeks. Mice are sacrificed by CO2 asphyxiation. To determine the bone mineral density (BMD) and microarchitecture of the long bone, the right femur is scanned. Scans are performed with an effective detector pixel size of 6.9 μm and a threshold of 77-255 mg/cc. Trabecular bone is analyzed in a region 1.6 mm in length and located 0.1 mm below the distal femur growth plate[3].

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    H2O / DMSO 1 mM 6.0901 mL 30.4507 mL 60.9013 mL 152.2534 mL
    5 mM 1.2180 mL 6.0901 mL 12.1803 mL 30.4507 mL
    10 mM 0.6090 mL 3.0451 mL 6.0901 mL 15.2253 mL
    DMSO 15 mM 0.4060 mL 2.0300 mL 4.0601 mL 10.1502 mL
    20 mM 0.3045 mL 1.5225 mL 3.0451 mL 7.6127 mL
    25 mM 0.2436 mL 1.2180 mL 2.4361 mL 6.0901 mL
    30 mM 0.2030 mL 1.0150 mL 2.0300 mL 5.0751 mL
    40 mM 0.1523 mL 0.7613 mL 1.5225 mL 3.8063 mL
    50 mM 0.1218 mL 0.6090 mL 1.2180 mL 3.0451 mL
    60 mM 0.1015 mL 0.5075 mL 1.0150 mL 2.5376 mL
    80 mM 0.0761 mL 0.3806 mL 0.7613 mL 1.9032 mL
    100 mM 0.0609 mL 0.3045 mL 0.6090 mL 1.5225 mL
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    4-Phenylbutyric acid Related Classifications

    Help & FAQs
    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

    Keywords:

    4-Phenylbutyric acid1821-12-14-PBA Benzenebutyric acidHDACVirus ProteaseHistone deacetylasesInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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