Art. -Nr.: HY-A0281

4-Phenylbutyric acid

Name: 4-Phenylbutyric acid
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-A0281
Price: 30.00 USD
Availability: InStock
Rating: 5 (269 reviews)

(Synonyms: 4-PBA; Benzenebutyric acid)

269 Cited Publications

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Based on 269 publication(s) in Google Scholar

4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) is an inhibitor of HDAC and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, used in cancer and infection research.

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Reinheit : 99.98%
CAS. Nr.: 1821-12-1
Formel: C₁₀H₁₂O₂
Molecular Weight:164.20

Speicherung:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month

4-Phenylbutyric acid Chemical Structure

CAS. Nr.: 1821-12-1

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Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biologische Aktivität
- Beschreibung
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (269)
Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Protokoll (1)
Reinheit & Dokumentation
Verweise
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biologische Aktivität

Beschreibung

4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) is an inhibitor of HDAC and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, used in cancer and infection research.

IC₅₀ & Target

^[1]

HDAC

Alle HDAC Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
A-375	IC₅₀	8.94 mM Compound: PBA	Antiproliferative activity against human A-375 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human A-375 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35818137]
A549	IC₅₀	9.75 mM Compound: PBA	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35818137]
LNCaP	IC₅₀	2324 μM Compound: 4-PBA	Antiproliferative activity against human LNCAP cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human LNCAP cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 21055848]
MCF7	IC₅₀	10.68 mM Compound: PBA	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35818137]
MDA-MB-231	IC₅₀	11.66 mM Compound: PBA	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35818137]
PC-3	IC₅₀	2273 μM Compound: 4-PBA	Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 21055848]

In Vitro

4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) is an inhibitor of HDAC, inhibits the growth of NSCLC Cell Lines at 2 mM. Benzenebutyric acid in combination with ciglitizone results in enhanced growth arrest of cancer cells^[1]. 4-Phenylbutyric acid (0-5 mM) inhibits ASFV infection in a dose-dependent manner. Benzenebutyric acid also inhibits the ASFV late protein synthesis and disrupts the virus-induced H3K9/K14 hypoacetylation status. Benzenebutyric acid and enrofloxacin act synergistically to abolish ASFV replication^[2]. Addition of bafilomycin A1 results in accumulation of LC3II, whereas 4-Phenylbutyric acid substantially reduces this accumulation. LPS decreases the level of p62, whereas Benzenebutyric acid reverses this decrease upon LPS stimulation for 48 h. The percentage of cells with LPS-induced AVOs is increased at 48 h, whereas 4-Phenylbutyric acid significantly reduces this percentage. Specifically, the percentage of cells with AVOs decreases from 61.6% to 53.1% upon Benzenebutyric acid treatment, supporting that 4-Phenylbutyric acid inhibits LPS-induced autophagy. As a positive control for autophagy inhibition, bafilomycin A1 is used. The percentage of cells with LPS-induced AVOs is reduced by bafilomycin A1 treatment. The decreased OC area and fusion index observed after Benzenebutyric acid treatment are not observed with knockdown of ATG7. Inhibition of NF-κB using BAY 11-7082 and JSH23 reduce the LC3 II level upon LPS stimulation and completely abolish the inhibitory effect of Benzenebutyric acid on LPS-induced effects^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.

In Vivo

LPS induces significant bone loss and decreases bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume (BV/TV), and trabecular thickness (Tb. Th) compared with PBS alone, whereas trabecular space (Tb. Sp.) is increased. 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) attenuates LPS-induced bone loss. Treatment with 4-Phenylbutyric acid increases BMD, BV/TV, and Tb. Th. compared with LPS alone, in addition to decreasing the enlargement of Tb. Sp., but no change is observed when mice are treated with Benzenebutyric acid alone. OC.S/BS as assessed by TRAP staining is also significantly reduced when Benzenebutyric acid is administered to LPS-treated mice. However, OC.N/BS tends to decrease, although not with statistical significance, when mice are treated with Benzenebutyric acid and LPS. These results indicate that the effect of Benzenebutyric acid on OC from LPS-treated mice is to reduce its size rather than number. Consistent with these findings, a marker of bone resorption in vivo, serum CTX-1 which is elevated by LPS treatment is decreased when Benzenebutyric acid administered to LPS-injected mice. However, co-treatment with Benzenebutyric acid do not significantly affect the levels of serum ALP and osteocalcin, 2 markers of bone formation in vivo, compared with LPS alone. Benzenebutyric acid also reduces the LPS-induced rise in serum MCP-1, indicating that Benzenebutyric acid decreases systemic inflammation induced by LPS^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Chemical Information

CAS. Nr. 1821-12-1
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 164.20
Formel C₁₀H₁₂O₂
Color White to off-white
SMILES

O=C(O)CCCC1=CC=CC=C1
Synonyms

4-PBA; Benzenebutyric acid
Versand

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Speicherung

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Publications (269)

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Science

STING-NF-κB signaling builds an influenza spillover barrier. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 26;391(6788):eads4405. PMID: 41747053
Cell

Cross-organ metabolite production and consumption in healthy and atherogenic conditions. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 7;188(16):4441-4455.e16. PMID: 40436017
Bioact Mater

Novel neutrophil extracellular trap-related mechanisms in diabetic wounds inspire a promising treatment strategy with hypoxia-challenged small extracellular vesicles. [Abstract]

2023 Apr 14:27:257-270. PMID: 37122894

4-Phenylbutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Bioact Mater. 2023 Apr 14:27:257-270. [Abstract]

The protein levels of key molecules of ER stress and apoptosis in HG-induced fibroblasts after NET (1000 ng/mL, 24 h) treatment with or without pre-incubation for 1.5 h with 4-PBA (5 μM) or DNase I (2 U/mL).

4-Phenylbutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Bioact Mater. 2023 Apr 14:27:257-270. [Abstract]

Edu assays were used to assess the proliferation of HG-induced fibroblasts after 24 hours of treatment with 4-PBA (5 μM) or DNase I (2 U/mL). Edu, red;DAPI, blue.

4-Phenylbutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Bioact Mater. 2023 Apr 14:27:257-270. [Abstract]

Migration ability of HG-induced fibroblasts was analyzed by transwell migration assay following the indicated treatment with 4-PBA (5 μM) or DNase I (2 U/mL) for 24 h.
Nat Cell Biol

Ammonia-induced lysosomal and mitochondrial damage causes cell death of effector CD8+ T cells. [Abstract]

2024 Nov;26(11):1892-1902. PMID: 39261719

4-Phenylbutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Cell Biol. 2024 Nov;26(11):1892-1902. [Abstract]

Percentages and numbers of CD45.1⁺CD8⁺ OT-I T_eff cells in the spleens of mice treated with 4PBA (200 mg/kg, ip) or PBS (n = 8 mice per group).
Autophagy

Emodin induces defensive autophagy against white spot syndrome virus infection via targeting the hemocyanin-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial crosstalk in shrimp. [Abstract]

2026 Jul 1:1-26. PMID: 42329080
Autophagy

Protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) negatively regulate ebolavirus structural glycoprotein expression in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. [Abstract]

2022 Oct;18(10):2350-2367. PMID: 35130104
Autophagy

Cannabidiol inhibits human glioma by induction of lethal mitophagy through activating TRPV4. [Abstract]

2021 Nov;17(11):3592-3606. PMID: 33629929

4-Phenylbutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Autophagy. 2021 Nov;17(11):3592-3606. [Abstract]

Cells are treated with 20 μM Cannabidiol for 24 h with or without pretreatment with 4-PBA (1 mM for 30 min); expression levels of ER stress and mitophagy related proteins are analyzed by western blotting.
Nat Commun

NEXN protects against vascular calcification by promoting SERCA2 SUMOylation and stabilization. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 29;16(1):8074. PMID: 40883305

4-Phenylbutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2025 Aug 29;16(1):8074. [Abstract]

Western blot of the protein expression of ATF4, CHOP and the osteogenic marker BMP2 in the aortas from the male mice subjected to VitD3-induced vascular calcification, with or without treatment of 4PBA (20 mg/kg/day, ip).
J Adv Res

2026 Jul 25:S2090-1232(26)00598-9. PMID: 42501861
J Adv Res

Hyperuricemia increases susceptibility to chronic kidney injury exacerbation via autophagic flux blockade-mediated ammonia death pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 7:S2090-1232(25)00877-X. PMID: 41205802
Sci Immunol

Mitochondria-ER contact mediated by MFN2-SERCA2 interaction supports CD8+ T cell metabolic fitness and function in tumors. [Abstract]

2023 Sep 29;8(87):eabq2424. PMID: 37738362
Acta Pharm Sin B

Phenylalanine deprivation inhibits multiple myeloma progression by perturbing endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. [Abstract]

2024 Aug;14(8):3493-3512. PMID: 39220878
Acta Pharm Sin B

The substitution of SERCA2 redox cysteine 674 promotes pulmonary vascular remodeling by activating IRE1 α/XBP1s pathway. [Abstract]

2022 May;12(5):2315-2329. PMID: 35646520
J Exp Clin Cancer Res

Oridonin promotes endoplasmic reticulum stress via TP53-repressed TCF4 transactivation in colorectal cancer. [Abstract]

2023 Jun 19;42(1):150. PMID: 37337284
Adv Sci (Weinh)

Irgm1 Improves Postinfarction Cardiac Repair by Promoting Neutrophil Clearance and Efferocytosis. [Abstract]

2026 Apr;13(21):e14863. PMID: 41738282
Adv Sci (Weinh)

CHAC1 Mediates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Dependent Ferroptosis in Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stone Formation. [Abstract]

2025 Mar;12(10):e2403992. PMID: 39836526
Adv Sci (Weinh)

siRNA/CS-PLGA Nanoparticle System Targeting Knockdown Intestinal SOAT2 Reduced Intestinal Lipid Uptake and Alleviated Obesity. [Abstract]

2024 Oct;11(40):e2403442. PMID: 39297413
Biomaterials

Multifunctional immunomodulator with cascade catalytic activities to reprogram endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated immunosuppression for enhancing anti-tumor immunotherapy. [Abstract]

2026 May 28:335:124346. PMID: 42229303
Cell Death Dis

2026 Aug 7;17(1):766. PMID: 42675041
Cell Death Dis

IFNγ augments TKI efficacy by alleviating protein unfolding stress to promote GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 11;16(1):512. PMID: 40645933
Cell Death Dis

NIR-715 photodynamic therapy induces immunogenic cancer cell death by enhancing the endoplasmic reticulum stress response. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 18;15(12):890. PMID: 39695072
Cell Death Dis

The cytoplasmic-nuclear transport of DDX3X promotes immune-mediated liver injury in mice regulated by endoplasmic reticulum stress. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 30;15(9):702. PMID: 39349420
Cell Mol Biol Lett

Activation of BZW1 by CEBPB in macrophages promotes eIF2α phosphorylation-mediated metabolic reprogramming and endoplasmic reticulum stress in MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice. [Abstract]

2023 Oct 12;28(1):79. PMID: 37828427
Cell Death Dis

Inhibition of USP1 activates ER stress through Ubi-protein aggregation to induce autophagy and apoptosis in HCC. [Abstract]

2022 Nov 10;13(11):951. PMID: 36357365
Cell Death Dis

Neutrophil extracellular traps impair intestinal barrier functions in sepsis by regulating TLR9-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. [Abstract]

2021 Jun 11;12(6):606. PMID: 34117211
Cell Death Dis

CACNA1H downregulation induces skeletal muscle atrophy involving endoplasmic reticulum stress activation and autophagy flux blockade. [Abstract]

2020 Apr 24;11(4):279. PMID: 32332705
Cell Death Dis

NMT1 inhibition modulates breast cancer progression through stress-triggered JNK pathway. [Abstract]

2018 Nov 16;9(12):1143. PMID: 30446635
Cancer Lett

YTHDF2-mediated stabilization of SREBF1 promotes lipid metabolic reprogramming and ferroptosis-associated radioresistance in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 28:639:218232. PMID: 41435981
Small

Silica Nanoparticles Trigger Chaperone HSPB8-Assisted Selective Autophagy via TFEB Activation in Hepatocytes. [Abstract]

2023 Feb;19(5):e2204310. PMID: 36464658
Cancer Lett

Jolkinolide B sensitizes bladder cancer to mTOR inhibitors via dual inhibition of Akt signaling and autophagy. [Abstract]

2022 Feb 1:526:352-362. PMID: 34798195
Cancer Lett

Jolkinolide B targets thioredoxin and glutathione systems to induce ROS-mediated paraptosis and apoptosis in bladder cancer cells. [Abstract]

2021 Jul 1:509:13-25. PMID: 33836250
Phytomedicine

β-mangostin triggers ER stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction to induce apoptosis in colorectal cancer. [Abstract]

2026 May 26. PMID: 42275878
Phytomedicine

Flemiphilippinin A induces paraptosis in lung cancer cells via c-Myc-driven endoplasmic reticulum stress and CHOP-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. [Abstract]

2025 Oct:146:157098. PMID: 40716126
Phytomedicine

Palmitic acid enhances the sensitivity of ferroptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress mediated the ATF4/TXNIP Axis in polycystic ovary syndrome. [Abstract]

2025 Jul:142:156777. PMID: 40393214
Cancer Genet

Downregulation of FAM134B suppresses thyroid cell carcinoma development by modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy. [Abstract]

2026 Jun:304-305:114-125. PMID: 42033846
J Hazard Mater

Tributyltin chloride (TBTCL) induces cell injury via dysregulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in Leydig cells. [Abstract]

2023 Apr 15:448:130785. PMID: 36860030
Cell Death Discov

Deacetylated MDH1 and IDH1 aggravates PANoptosis in acute liver failure through endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling. [Abstract]

2024 Jun 8;10(1):275. PMID: 38851781
Cell Death Discov

IP3R2-mediated Ca2+ release promotes LPS-induced cardiomyocyte pyroptosis via the activation of NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway. [Abstract]

2024 Feb 20;10(1):91. PMID: 38378646
Cell Death Discov

Sophoridine derivative 6j inhibits liver cancer cell proliferation via ATF3 mediated ferroptosis. [Abstract]

2023 Aug 14;9(1):296. PMID: 37580343
Environ Int

Exposure to nonylphenol in early life causes behavioural deficits related with autism spectrum disorders in rats. [Abstract]

2023 Oct:180:108228. PMID: 37802007
Environ Int

Triphenyl phosphate proved more potent than its metabolite diphenyl phosphate in inducing hepatic insulin resistance through endoplasmic reticulum stress. [Abstract]

2023 Feb:172:107749. PMID: 36680801
J Transl Med

Mogroside V reduced the excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitigated the Ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium in mice. [Abstract]

2024 May 21;22(1):488. PMID: 38773576
PNAS

2023 Jan 23;120(5):e2217532120.
Dev Cell

GRP75-dependent mitochondria-ER contacts ensure cell survival during early mouse thymocyte development. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 7;59(19):2643-2658.e7. PMID: 38981469
J Hazard Mater Adv

2026 Apr 15;22:101170.
Oncogene

m6A modification of lipoyltransferase 1 inhibits bladder cancer progression by activating cuproptosis. [Abstract]

2024 Sep;43(40):2971-2985. PMID: 39198615
Apoptosis

2026 Jan 13;31(1):46.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol

Endothelial Intracellular ANG (Angiogenin) Protects Against Atherosclerosis by Decreasing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. [Abstract]

2022 Mar;42(3):305-325. PMID: 35045729
Int J Biol Macromol

Genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies ALG5, ALG6, NF2, and FUT8 as key host proteins involved in transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection. [Abstract]

2025 Dec;333(Pt 2):148770. PMID: 41205942
Int J Nanomedicine

Ginger-Derived Exosome-Like Nanoparticles Loaded With Indocyanine Green Enhances Phototherapy Efficacy for Breast Cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 30:20:1147-1169. PMID: 39902066
Int J Biol Macromol

Krüppel-like transcription factor 14 alleviates alveolar epithelial cell senescence by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in pulmonaryfibrosis. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 11;280(Pt 1):135351. PMID: 39270890
Int J Biol Macromol

p20BAP31 promotes cell apoptosis via interaction with GRP78 and activating the PERK pathway in colorectal cancer. [Abstract]

2024 Jun 4;272(Pt 2):132870. PMID: 38844291
Int J Mol Med

Hesperetin induces apoptosis in lung squamous carcinoma cells via G2/M cycle arrest, inhibition of the Notch1 pathway and activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress. [Abstract]

2025 May;55(5):77. PMID: 40084686
MedComm-Oncology

2023 Feb 19.
Anim Nutr

Zearalenone induces apoptosis and autophagy by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling in porcine trophectoderm cells. [Abstract]

2022 Oct 5:12:186-199. PMID: 36712409
Environ Res

Endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates oxidative stress-driven endothelial impairment and atherogenesis induced by sodium perfluorononenoxybenzene sulfonate exposure. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 15:299:124344. PMID: 41887487
Phytother Res

Curcumol Alleviates Ferroptosis in Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease by Inhibiting EGFR-Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Axis. [Abstract]

2026 Apr;40(4):1886-1902. PMID: 41629123
Phytother Res

A Small Molecular Weight Saccharide Fraction From Panax quinquefolium L. Inhibited Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer via Endoplasmic Reticulum-Stress Mediated Apoptosis. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 15. PMID: 40662451
Phytother Res

Gambogenic acid induces apoptosis and autophagy through ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress via JNK pathway in prostate cancer cells. [Abstract]

2023 Jan;37(1):310-328. PMID: 36086867
Free Radic Biol Med

Cepharanthine-induced mitophagy through regulation of FBXL4-BNIP3 drives ferroptosis leading to robust anti-lung cancer efficacy. [Abstract]

2026 Jan:242:345-363. PMID: 41177235
Free Radic Biol Med

TRIB2 promotes pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation through SERCA2 ubiquitination in pulmonary hypertension. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 8:243:414-433. PMID: 41213438
Free Radic Biol Med

Targeting ER stress/ROS-driven VEGF signaling axis: AdipoRon as a multifunctional therapeutic agent for alkali burn-induced corneal neovascularization. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 10:S0891-5849(25)00969-4. PMID: 40939851
Free Radic Biol Med

CDKN1A and EGR1 are key genes for endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced ferroptosis in MASH. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 16:236:188-203. PMID: 40414463
Free Radic Biol Med

Autophagy and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Related Protein Homeostasis Links Palmitic Acid to Hepatic Lipotoxicity in Zebrafish (Danio rerio), Counteracted by Linoleic Acid. [Abstract]

2025 Jun:233:148-161. PMID: 40089081
Free Radic Biol Med

Menaquinone-4 prevents medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw through the SIRT1 signaling-mediated inhibition of cellular metabolic stresses-induced osteoblast apoptosis. [Abstract]

2023 Sep:206:33-49. PMID: 37364692
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces

Endoplasmic Reticulum-Targeting NIR Cyanine ER800 Nanoparticles Promote Pyroptosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. [Abstract]

2026 May 15. PMID: 42138395
Cell Rep

Lipid-metabolism-focused CRISPR screens identify enzymes of the mevalonate pathway as essential for prostate cancer growth. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 26;44(4):115470. PMID: 40146774
Br J Pharmacol

Substitution of SERCA2 Cys674 accelerates aortic aneurysm by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and promoting cell apoptosis. [Abstract]

2022 Sep;179(17):4423-4439. PMID: 35491240
Cell Mol Neurobiol

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Inhibition Promotes Mitophagy via Miro1 Reduction to Rescue Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Protect Dopamine Neurons in Parkinson's Disease. [Abstract]

2025 May 29;45(1):53. PMID: 40439946
Environ Pollut

ERα-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress drives 4-tert-octylphenol-induced cardiac developmental toxicity in zebrafish. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 15:395:127832. PMID: 41713771
Environ Pollut

Perturbation of IP3R-dependent endoplasmic reticulum calcium homeostasis by PPARδ-activated metabolic stress leads to mouse spermatocyte apoptosis: A direct mechanism for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid-induced spermatogenic disorders. [Abstract]

2024 Feb 15:343:123167. PMID: 38110051
J Invest Dermatol

Development of a Cellular Assay as a Personalized Model for Testing Chronic Wound Therapeutics. [Abstract]

2025 Mar;145(3):631-644.e22. PMID: 38960086
Lipids Health Dis

Chronic hypoxia induces liver injury via PKCδ/ASMase-driven ceramide accumulation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 7;24(1):312. PMID: 41057877
Lipids Health Dis

High-fat stimulation induces atrial structural remodeling via the TPM1/P53/SHISA5 Axis. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 12;24(1):138. PMID: 40221727
Lipids Health Dis

Arachidonic acid is involved in high-salt diet-induced coronary remodeling through stimulation of the IRE1α/XBP1s/RUNX2/OPN signaling cascade. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 11;24(1):44. PMID: 39934848
J Ethnopharmacol

Realgar transforming solution suppresses KG-1a-derived CD34+CD38- acute myeloid leukemia stem cell-like phenotypes in association with ER-mitochondrial stress and mitophagy-related alterations. [Abstract]

2026 May 25:369:121896. PMID: 42184909
J Ethnopharmacol

Bushen Antai recipe attenuates recurrent spontaneous abortion by activating VEGFA/p-AKT/SESN2 to restore trophoblast endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. [Abstract]

2026 May 25:369:121902. PMID: 42190766
Virulence

The T-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channel CaV3.1 involves in the disruption of respiratory epithelial barrier induced by Pasteurella multocida toxin. [Abstract]

2025 Dec;16(1):2466482. PMID: 39950866
J Ethnopharmacol

Screening of anti-melanoma compounds from Morus alba L.: Sanggenon C promotes melanoma cell apoptosis by disrupting intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. [Abstract]

2024 Apr 24:324:117759. PMID: 38219884
Antioxid Redox Signal

Mitofusin2 ameliorated ER stress and mitochondrial ROS through maintaining mitochondria-associated ER membrane integrity in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. [Abstract]

2024 Jan;40(1-3):16-39. PMID: 37053105
J Ethnopharmacol

Zanthoxylum armatum DC fruit ethyl acetate extract site induced hepatotoxicity by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibiting autophagy in BRL-3A models. [Abstract]

2023 Oct 5;319(Pt 2):117245. PMID: 37802376
J Ethnopharmacol

PI3K/AKT/mTOR, NF-κB and ERS pathway participated in the attenuation of H2O2-induced IPEC-J2 cell injury by koumine. [Abstract]

2023 Mar 25:304:116028. PMID: 36529250
J Agric Food Chem

2026 Aug 26;74(33):26655-26669. PMID: 42677674
J Agric Food Chem

Deoxynivalenol and Aflatoxin B1 Coexposure Aggravated Intestinal Damage via ER Stress-Meditated Mitochondrial Dyshomeostasis and Apoptosis. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 29. PMID: 41160419
J Agric Food Chem

New Insights into Decabromodiphenyl Ether-Induced Splenic Injury in Chickens: Involvement of ROS-Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway Triggering Autophagy and Apoptosis. [Abstract]

2024 Feb 21;72(7):3741-3754. PMID: 38340082
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

Curcumin alleviates BPAF-induced ferroptosis in caprine endometrial epithelial cells through inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy. [Abstract]

2026 May 14:318:120253. PMID: 42134007
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

The role of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α in gestational arsenic-induced α-KG collapse in male offspring. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 15:305:119188. PMID: 41066812
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

Deoxynivalenol-mediated kidney injury via endoplasmic reticulum stress in mice. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 1:286:117243. PMID: 39447294
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

Endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis: A novel mechanism of citrinin-induced renal injury and dysfunction. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 1:284:116946. PMID: 39208586
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

ATF4-mediated different mode of interaction between autophagy and mTOR determines cell fate dependent on the level of ER stress induced by Cr(VI). [Abstract]

2024 Aug:281:116639. PMID: 38964069
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

Biochemical mechanisms of tributyltin chloride-induced cell toxicity in Sertoli cells. [Abstract]

2023 Apr 15:255:114725. PMID: 36924558
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

Exploring the molecular mechanisms underlie the endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated methylmercury-induced neuronal developmental damage. [Abstract]

2022 Oct 15:245:114099. PMID: 36152427
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

Perfluorooctanoic acid exposure increases both proliferation and apoptosis of human placental trophoblast cells mediated by ER stress-induced ROS or UPR pathways. [Abstract]

2022 May 1;236:113508. PMID: 35427876
Biochem Pharmacol

2026 Nov;253(Pt 2):118329. PMID: 42562338
Biochem Pharmacol

2026 Nov;253(Pt 2):118342. PMID: 42580489
Cell Biosci

FAK-dependent activation of src family kinase member BLK contributed to endometrial fibrosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 31;15(1):150. PMID: 41174819
Biochem Pharmacol

Maresin1 ameliorates osseointegration in type 2 diabetes mellitus by promoting FAM134B-mediated ER-phagy in osteoblasts. [Abstract]

2025 Oct:240:117099. PMID: 40619017
Biochem Pharmacol

Jolkinolide B synergistically potentiates the antitumor activity of GPX4 inhibitors via inhibiting TrxR1 in cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cells. [Abstract]

2024 May:223:116194. PMID: 38583812
Biochem Pharmacol

Potent salinomycin C20-O-alkyl oxime derivative SAL-98 efficiently inhibits tumor growth and metastasis by affecting Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway. [Abstract]

2023 Aug:214:115666. PMID: 37391086
Biochem Pharmacol

The organic arsenical-derived thioredoxin and glutathione system inhibitor ACZ2 induces apoptosis and autophagy in gastric cancer via ROS-dependent ER stress. [Abstract]

2023 Feb:208:115404. PMID: 36592709
Biochem Pharmacol

Exosome modification to better alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress induced chondrocyte apoptosis and osteoarthritis. [Abstract]

2022 Dec:206:115343. PMID: 36370754
Life Sci

Endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy as potential therapeutic targets in SERPINF1 mutation-induced type VI osteogenesis imperfecta. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 15:379:123862. PMID: 40692043
Life Sci

Endoplasmic reticulum stress contributes to pyroptosis through NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in diabetic nephropathy. [Abstract]

2023 Jun 1:322:121656. PMID: 37011874
Food Funct

Triterpenoids from quinoa bran exert anti-colorectal cancer effects via oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis and immune reactivation. [Abstract]

2026 May 26;17(10):4591-4606. PMID: 42093524
J Neuroimmune Pharmacol

Alleviating CB2-Dependent ER Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Improves Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion-Induced Cognitive Impairment. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 12;19(1):1. PMID: 38214766
Foods

Citrinin Exposure Induced Testicular Damage and Spermatogenesis Disorder by Triggering Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. [Abstract]

2023 Apr 11;12(8):1616. PMID: 37107412
Cells

CircZXDC Promotes Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Transdifferentiation via Regulating miRNA-125a-3p/ABCC6 in Moyamoya Disease. [Abstract]

2022 Nov 26;11(23):3792. PMID: 36497052
Commun Biol

Small GTP-binding protein GDP dissociation stimulator influences cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury via PERK-dependent ER stress. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 5;7(1):1091. PMID: 39237614
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

Mazdutide Ameliorates Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease by Modulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Improving Lipid Metabolism and Alleviating Inflammation. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 26;19(3):371. PMID: 41901218
Respir Res

Dehydrocorydaline attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting fibroblast activation. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 12;26(1):136. PMID: 40221718
Respir Res

Lactate activates ER stress to promote alveolar epithelial cells apoptosis in pulmonary fibrosis. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 9;25(1):401. PMID: 39522031
Mar Drugs

Cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol Induces Multiple Cell Death in A549 Cells via ER Stress and Autophagy Activation. [Abstract]

2024 Apr 13;22(4):174. PMID: 38667791
Respir Res

HMGB1-induced activation of ER stress contributes to pulmonary artery hypertension in vitro and in vivo. [Abstract]

2023 Jun 2;24(1):149. PMID: 37268944
Int Immunopharmacol

2026 Oct 1:186:117175. PMID: 42480324
Int J Mol Sci

Bufalin Suppresses Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Through ER Stress-Ferroptosis Crosstalk Associated with IP3R-Linked Ca2+ Dysregulation and ATF3/SLC7A11 Regulation. [Abstract]

2026 May 14;27(10):4373. PMID: 42196362
Int Immunopharmacol

Total glucosides of paeony ameliorate post-stroke depression-like behaviors by modulating inflammasome activation via inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 15:173:116304. PMID: 41621387
Int J Mol Sci

Cartilage Intermediate Layer Protein 2 Aggravates Hepatic Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation Through the IRE1α/XBP1 Pathway. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 25;27(3):1213. PMID: 41683641
Int Immunopharmacol

Targeting PARK7: Sodium 4-Phenylbutyrate shields endothelial cells from oxidative stress and GSDME-mediated Pyroptosis in acute lung injury. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 30:164:115386. PMID: 40834532
Int Immunopharmacol

Targeting GCS regulates the NRF2 axis to inhibit hepatocyte endoplasmic reticulum stress-ferroptosis improving immune-mediated liver injury. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 13:165:115532. PMID: 40946670
Int Immunopharmacol

Trichinella spiralis serine protease inhibitors regulate the dynamic interaction between endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in host intestinal epithelial cells. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 28:161:115005. PMID: 40505235
Int Immunopharmacol

Maackiain induces apoptosis and autophagy via ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress in endometrial cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 6:147:113935. PMID: 39756166
Biomolecules

Attenuation of PM2.5-Induced Lung Injury by 4-Phenylbutyric Acid: Maintenance of [Ca2+]i Stability between Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 8;14(9):1135. PMID: 39334901
Int J Mol Sci

The Activation of Reticulophagy by ER Stress through the ATF4-MAP1LC3A-CCPG1 Pathway in Ovarian Granulosa Cells Is Linked to Apoptosis and Necroptosis. [Abstract]

2023 Feb 1;24(3):2749. PMID: 36769070
Int J Mol Sci

A Mulberry Diels-Alder-Type Adduct, Kuwanon M, Triggers Apoptosis and Paraptosis of Lung Cancer Cells through Inducing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. [Abstract]

2023 Jan 5;24(2):1015. PMID: 36674530
Biomolecules

GRP75 Modulates Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Coupling and Accelerates Ca2+-Dependent Endothelial Cell Apoptosis in Diabetic Retinopathy. [Abstract]

2022 Nov 29;12(12):1778. PMID: 36551205
Int Immunopharmacol

Ephedrine ameliorates chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) through restraining endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in vitro and in vivo. [Abstract]

2022 Feb:103:107842. PMID: 34953449
Int Immunopharmacol

Resveratrol attenuates inflammation and apoptosis through alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress via Akt/mTOR pathway in fungus-induced allergic airways inflammation. [Abstract]

2022 Feb:103:108489. PMID: 34968999
Int Immunopharmacol

Deficiency of β-arrestin2 alleviates apoptosis through GRP78-ATF6-CHOP signaling pathway in primary Sjögren's syndrome. [Abstract]

2021 Dec;101(Pt A):108281. PMID: 34710848
Biol Direct

Inhibition of PRC1 elicits immunogenic cell death by triggering ROS-dependent ER stress in colorectal cancer via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 22;20(1):94. PMID: 40847353
Mol Neurobiol

PDZD8 Dysregulation Mediates RVLM Neuronal Hyperexcitation Via Activation of Ca2+-Calpain-2 Signaling in Stress-Induced Hypertension. [Abstract]

2025 May 26. PMID: 40418411
Front Cell Infect Microbiol

Inhibition of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus by Cinchonine via Inducing Cellular Autophagy. [Abstract]

2022 Jun 14:12:856711. PMID: 35774410
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol

Inhibition of Bif-1 confers cardio-protection in myocardial infarction. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 1;328(3):C1076-C1089. PMID: 39982446
Front Pharmacol

Pitavastatin Induces Cancer Cell Apoptosis by Blocking Autophagy Flux. [Abstract]

2022 Mar 21;13:854506. PMID: 35387352
Front Pharmacol

CHOP Regulates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Hepatoxicity Induced by Monocrotaline. [Abstract]

2021 May 24:12:685895. PMID: 34108882
Chem Biol Interact

2026 Aug 29:439:112322. PMID: 42668033
Toxicology

ATF4/PHGDH mediates the effects of ER stress on cadmium-induced autophagy and glycolysis. [Abstract]

2024 Dec:509:153976. PMID: 39427783
Toxicology

Particulate matter induced cognitive impairments via endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated damage to mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes in immature rats. [Abstract]

2024 Dec:509:153979. PMID: 39442789
Toxicology

HMGA2-mediated glutamine metabolism is required for Cd-induced cell growth and cell migration. [Abstract]

2024 Sep:507:153899. PMID: 39032683
Toxicology

Differential susceptibility of BRL cells with/without insulin resistance and the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathway in response to acrylamide-exposure toxicity effects in vitro. [Abstract]

2024 May:504:153800. PMID: 38604440
Chem Biol Interact

Depleted uranium induces thyroid damage through activation of ER stress via the thrombospondin 1-PERK pathway. [Abstract]

2023 Sep 1:382:110592. PMID: 37270086
Chem Biol Interact

Hexavalent chromium disrupts the skin barrier by targeting ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway apoptosis in keratinocytes. [Abstract]

2023 Jul 1:379:110523. PMID: 37146930
Chem Biol Interact

Epimedokoreanin B inhibits the growth of lung cancer cells through endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated paraptosis accompanied by autophagosome accumulation. [Abstract]

2022 Oct 1:366:110125. PMID: 36027945
Toxicology

Endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes blood-testis barrier impairment in mice with busulfan-induced oligospermia through PERK-eIF2α signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2022 May 15;473:153193. PMID: 35533795
Bioorg Chem

2026 Oct 5:181:110447. PMID: 42669273
Mol Med Rep

Norcantharidin inhibits the malignant progression of cervical cancer by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. [Abstract]

2024 May;29(5):71. PMID: 38456480
J Mol Med (Berl)

Combination of PARP inhibitor and temozolomide to suppress chordoma progression. [Abstract]

2019 Aug;97(8):1183-1193. PMID: 31201471
Mediators Inflamm

After Traumatic Brain Injury, EPHA4 Enhances Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress to Promote M1 Microglial Polarization Through the MAPK Signaling Pathway. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 22:2026:5595023. PMID: 41583121
Sci Rep

USP18 attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress via the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 axis to reduce apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. [Abstract]

2025 May 5;15(1):15659. PMID: 40325079
J Lipid Res

Lipotoxicity of palmitic acid is associated with DGAT1 downregulation and abolished by PPARα activation in liver cells. [Abstract]

2024 Dec;65(12):100692. PMID: 39505261
Sci Rep

Hypermethylation of the CTRP9 promoter region promotes Hcy induced VSMC lipid deposition and foam cell formation via negatively regulating ER stress. [Abstract]

2023 Nov 9;13(1):19438. PMID: 37945738
Sci Rep

Sulforaphane ameliorates bisphenol A-induced hepatic lipid accumulation by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. [Abstract]

2023 Jan 20;13(1):1147. PMID: 36670177
Sci Rep

Discovery of rafoxanide as a novel agent for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. [Abstract]

2023 Jan 13;13(1):693. PMID: 36639421
Cancers (Basel)

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Derivatives as Anti-Hepatocellular Carcinoma Agents via Inhibition of Mitochondrial Respiration and Disruption of Cellular Metabolism. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 27;18(1):92. PMID: 41514605
Exp Neurol

4-PBA exerts brain-protective effects against sepsis-associated encephalopathy in a mouse model of sepsis. [Abstract]

2024 May:375:114738. PMID: 38395217
Cell Signal

Astragaloside IV enhances autophagy to suppress endoplasmic reticulum stress and pyroptosis after spinal cord injury. [Abstract]

2026 Sep:145:112571. PMID: 42086120
Cell Signal

Rosuvastatin inhibits carcinogenesis through Ca2+ triggered endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in pancreatic cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Jul:131:111753. PMID: 40107481
J Dairy Sci

AMPK-endoplasmic reticulum stress axis contributes to lipopolysaccharide-caused mitochondrial dysfunction by regulating mitochondria-associated membrane function in bovine hepatocytes. [Abstract]

2023 Jul;106(7):5146-5164. PMID: 37225589
Neurooncol Adv

2026 Feb 13.
Poult Sci

2026 Aug 27;105(12):107705. PMID: 42743730
Neurochem Res

4-Phenylbutyrate Induces Functional Elongation of the Microglial Process Through Activation of Akt. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 7;51(1):66. PMID: 41653373
Ann N Y Acad Sci

Helicobacter mastomyrinus Cytolethal Distending Toxin Induces Calcium Dyshomeostasis and Liver Injury via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. [Abstract]

2026 Feb;1556(1):e70159. PMID: 41681127
Biomedicines

SIK2 Drives Pulmonary Fibrosis by Enhancing Fibroblast Glycolysis and Activation. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 6;13(8):1919. PMID: 40868174
Poult Sci

Melatonin alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress and follicular granulosa cell apoptosis by regulating ATF4 to activate mTOR signaling pathway in chickens. [Abstract]

2024 Jun;103(6):103656. PMID: 38583308
Biomedicines

N-Acetylcysteine Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Muscle Atrophy by Downregulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. [Abstract]

2024 Apr 18;12(4):902. PMID: 38672256
Biosci Rep

Tension induces intervertebral disc degeneration via endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated autophagy. [Abstract]

2019 Aug 7;39(8):BSR20190578. PMID: 31285389
BMC Complement Med Ther

Tongguanteng injection exerts anti-osteosarcoma effects through the ER stress-associated IRE1/CHOP pathway. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 16;24(1):400. PMID: 39550552
BMC Complement Med Ther

Rauwolfia vomitoria extract suppresses benign prostatic hyperplasia by inducing autophagic apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress. [Abstract]

2022 May 5;22(1):125. PMID: 35513857
FASEB J

Penicillide Triggers Immunogenic Pyroptosis in Tumor Cells via Oxidative Stress/NF-κB/GSDMD Signaling Axis. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 31;40(6):e71636. PMID: 41842655
FASEB J

Elesclomol-Induced Copper Influx Attenuates Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression With Involvement of the ER Stress/PCK2 Axis. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 30;39(22):e71250. PMID: 41251612
FASEB J

Exploring the impact of RPN1 on tumorigenesis and immune response in cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 31;39(6):e70345. PMID: 40079196
Fish Shellfish Immunol

Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV) infection activates the PERK-eIF2α pathway to promote the viral replication. [Abstract]

2024 Dec:155:110020. PMID: 39528019
J Virol

The host protein SSR4 mediates PRRSV-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress via interaction with Nsp2. [Abstract]

2026 May 19;100(5):e0026626. PMID: 42023815
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)

ACE2 Alleviates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Protects against Pyroptosis by Regulating Ang1-7/Mas in Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 24;29(9):334. PMID: 39344337
Cell Stress Chaperones

Replication of standard bovine viral diarrhea strain OregonC24Va induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis of bovine trophoblast cells. [Abstract]

2023 Jan;28(1):49-60. PMID: 36441379
Lab Invest

Hyperglycemia promotes myocardial dysfunction via the ERS-MAPK10 signaling pathway in db/db mice. [Abstract]

2022 Nov;102(11):1192-1202. PMID: 35941186
Cell Stress Chaperones

Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in apoptosis induced by HK2 inhibitor and its potential as a new drug combination strategy. [Abstract]

2022 May;27(3):273-283. PMID: 35355227
Virol J

Endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor 4-PBA alleviates immune damage in mice with enteroviral encephalitis by inhibiting ferroptosis. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 21;23(1):114. PMID: 41862947
Toxins

Deoxynivalenol-Induced Spleen Toxicity in Mice: Inflammation, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Macrophage Polarization, and the Dysregulation of LncRNA Expression. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 9;16(10):432. PMID: 39453208
J Funct Foods

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Oleic acid ameliorates palmitic acid induced hepatocellular lipotoxicity by inhibition of ER stress and pyroptosis. [Abstract]

2020 Jan 30;17:11. PMID: 32021639
BMC Oral Health

PMAIP1 mediates endoplasmic reticulum stress in human dental pulp stem cells during pulpitis pathogenesis. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 26;25(1):1472. PMID: 41013511
Vet Res

Glaesserella parasuis infection triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated pyroptosis via PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 axis and metabolic reprogramming in porcine alveolar macrophages. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 15;56(1):150. PMID: 40665414
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids

TMAO induces pyroptosis of vascular endothelial cells and atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice via MBOAT2-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress. [Abstract]

2024 Dec;1869(8):159559. PMID: 39179098
Vet Res

Regulatory effects of Trichinella spiralis serpin-type serine protease inhibitor on endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress in host intestinal epithelial cells. [Abstract]

2024 Jun 14;55(1):78. PMID: 38877574
Vet Res

The novel Nsp9-interacting host factor H2BE promotes PEDV replication by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis. [Abstract]

2023 Mar 22;54(1):27. PMID: 36949543
Viruses

4-Phenyl-butyric Acid Inhibits Japanese Encephalitis Virus Replication via Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response. [Abstract]

2023 Feb 14;15(2):534. PMID: 36851748
J Orthop Surg Res

Daphnoretin relieves IL-1β-mediated chondrocytes apoptosis via repressing endoplasmic reticulum stress and NLRP3 inflammasome. [Abstract]

2022 Nov 16;17(1):487. PMID: 36384642
Pathol Res Pract

Multi-omic and functional analyses identified an endoplasmic reticulum stress-driven TIMD4⁺ IL1β⁺ macrophage subpopulation contributes to osteoarthritis progression. [Abstract]

2026 Jun:282:156442. PMID: 41875622
Pathol Res Pract

SIRT3 promotes oxaliplatin sensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma by promoting ferroptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress response. [Abstract]

2026 May:281:156400. PMID: 41775211
Mol Immunol

IL-33 facilitates endoplasmic reticulum stress and pyroptosis in LPS-stimulated ARDS model in vitro. [Abstract]

2025 May:181:102-112. PMID: 40118005
Int J Med Sci

N-cadherin Alleviates Apoptosis and Senescence of Nucleus Pulposus Cells via Suppressing ROS-dependent ERS in the Hyper-osmolarity Microenvironment. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 1;21(2):341-356. PMID: 38169592
Mol Immunol

Activation of TREM-1 induces endoplasmic reticulum stress through IRE-1α/XBP-1s pathway in murine macrophages. [Abstract]

2021 Jul:135:294-303. PMID: 33957479
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol

Isoliquiritigenin suppresses ER stress-driven epithelial apoptosis to preserve barrier integrity in colitis. [Abstract]

2026 Aug:513:117856. PMID: 42105812
J Biochem Mol Toxicol

Sesamol Alleviated Lipotoxicity-Induced Dysfunction in MIN6 Cells via Facilitating Cellular Senescence Caused by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. [Abstract]

2024 Nov;38(11):e70038. PMID: 39470143
Appl Biochem Biotechnol

BHMT Protects Against Diabetic Cataracts by Reducing Homocysteine and Counteracting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Lens Epithelial Cells. [Abstract]

2026 Jun;198(6):4728-4753. PMID: 41910712
Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist

2026 May 17;31:100649.
Mol Carcinog

ZBTB7A interferes with the RPL5-P53 feedback loop and reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. [Abstract]

2024 Sep;63(9):1783-1799. PMID: 38896079
Endocr Connect

Endoplasmic reticulum stress contributes to insulin resistance in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 11;14(8):e250158. PMID: 40742333
Front Oncol

Knockdown of Oligosaccharyltransferase Subunit Ribophorin 1 Induces Endoplasmic-Reticulum-Stress-Dependent Cell Apoptosis in Breast Cancer. [Abstract]

2021 Oct 27;11:722624. PMID: 34778038
Front Oncol

Lamprey Immune Protein Mediates Apoptosis of Lung Cancer Cells Via the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Signaling Pathway. [Abstract]

2021 Jul 7;11:663600. PMID: 34307136
Biochem Biophys Rep

Study on the effect of HMGB1 on immune cells isolated from SLE mice. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 15:44:102262. PMID: 41019290
Biochem Biophys Rep

Sorafenib induces ferroptosis in human renal cell carcinoma cells through CCAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 7:43:102143. PMID: 40688501
Chem Biol Drug Des

Curcumin affects apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells through ATF6-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress. [Abstract]

2024 Jan;103(1):e14433. PMID: 38230779
Mol Biol Rep

Specnuezhenide mitigates tunicamycin-induced liver injury in mice via ER stress modulation and metabolic reprogramming. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 11;52(1):814. PMID: 40788369
Food Chem Toxicol

Deoxynivalenol induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated apoptosis via the IRE1/JNK/CHOP pathway in porcine alveolar macrophage 3D4/21 cells. [Abstract]

2023 Oct:180:114033. PMID: 37739053
Mol Biol Rep

Mechanisms of autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the reversal of platinum resistance of epithelial ovarian cancer cells by naringin. [Abstract]

2023 Aug;50(8):6457-6468. PMID: 37326754
Animals (Basel)

BDE-47 Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress to Inhibit Early Porcine Embryonic Development. [Abstract]

2023 Jul 13;13(14):2291. PMID: 37508068
Food Chem Toxicol

Fumonisin B1 induced intestinal epithelial barrier damage through endoplasmic reticulum stress triggered by the ceramide synthase 2 depletion. [Abstract]

2022 Aug:166:113263. PMID: 35777715
Food Chem Toxicol

Impaired ferritinophagy flux induced by high fat diet mediates hepatic insulin resistance via endoplasmic reticulum stress. [Abstract]

2020 Jun:140:111329. PMID: 32283200
Food Chem Toxicol

Involvement of PERK-CHOP pathway in fumonisin B1- induced cytotoxicity in human gastric epithelial cells. [Abstract]

2020 Feb:136:111080. PMID: 31891755
Exp Eye Res

Enhancement of DJ-1/ERK1/2 signaling as a therapeutic strategy for diabetic keratopathy. [Abstract]

2026 Mar:264:110820. PMID: 41435751
BMC Vet Res

Pseudorabies virus infection induces lymphocyte depletion associated with cellular apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the mouse spleen. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 17;21(1):673. PMID: 41250160
Toxicol Lett

The role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in Atrazine-induced hepatic lipid accumulation. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 21:412:34-43. PMID: 40701419
Br J Nutr

Dietary palm oil enhances SREBP2-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis through inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress in muscle of large yellow croaker ( Larimichthys crocea). [Abstract]

2024 Feb 28;131(4):553-566. PMID: 37699661
Fish Physiol Biochem

Endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in lipid accumulation induced by oleic acid in adipocytes of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): focusing on the transcriptional level. [Abstract]

2022 Feb;48(1):275-284. PMID: 35091868
Behav Brain Res

Acupuncture Activates IRE1/XBP1 Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway in Parkinson's Disease Model Rats. [Abstract]

2024 Mar 28:462:114871. PMID: 38266778
PeerJ

Curcumol alleviates liver fibrosis by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated necroptosis of hepatic stellate cells through Sirt1/NICD pathway. [Abstract]

2022 May 12;10:e13376. PMID: 35582617
Toxicol Res (Camb)

The relationship between endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in apoptosis of BEAS-2B cells induced by cigarette smoke condensate. [Abstract]

2021 Jan 5;10(1):18-28. PMID: 33613969
Vet Microbiol

The PERK-eIF2α branch activates the NLRP3 inflammasome through the NF-κB signaling pathway to suppress NDV replication. [Abstract]

2026 May:316:110968. PMID: 41793984
Vet Microbiol

Distinct mechanisms of ER stress-mediated autophagy induction by high- and low-virulence pseudorabies virus strains. [Abstract]

2026 Mar:314:110914. PMID: 41621166
Toxicon

Endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes oxidative stress: A novel mechanism of citrinin-induced thymus and spleen injury. [Abstract]

2025 Nov:266:108511. PMID: 40782931
Vet Microbiol

PERK-mediated eIF2α phosphorylation suppresses porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication by attenuating global protein synthesis and inducing IFN-Ⅰ production. [Abstract]

2025 Aug:307:110559. PMID: 40494050
Vet Microbiol

Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 infections induce ER stress-mediated autophagy to facilitate virus replication. [Abstract]

2024 May:292:110051. PMID: 38513524
Vet Microbiol

GRAMD4 regulates PEDV-induced cell apoptosis inhibiting virus replication via the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. [Abstract]

2023 Apr:279:109666. PMID: 36738512
Vet Microbiol

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infections induce autophagy in Vero cells via ROS-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress through PERK and IRE1 pathways. [Abstract]

2021 Feb:253:108959. PMID: 33360915
FEBS Open Bio

Soman induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis of cerebral organoids via the GRP78-ATF6-CHOP signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 28. PMID: 40152446
Immunol Res

HBV infection upregulates GP73 expression to promote liver fibrosis by enhancing ER stress via the Smad2 pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 27;73(1):100. PMID: 40571844
FEBS Open Bio

T-type calcium channel blockade induces apoptosis in C2C12 myotubes and skeletal muscle via endoplasmic reticulum stress activation. [Abstract]

2020 Oct;10(10):2122-2136. PMID: 32865339
Transbound Emerg Dis

2026;2026(1):e6811767. PMID: 42366741
Biochem Biophys Res Commun

Neutrophils suppress osteogenic differentiation of Gli1+ stem cells via neutrophil extracellular traps and contribute to bone loss in periodontitis. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 10:737:150916. PMID: 39489114
Exp Ther Med

Cucurbitacin B induces apoptosis in colorectal cells through reactive oxygen species generation and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. [Abstract]

2023 Sep 1;26(4):484. PMID: 37753296
Oncol Lett

A genome-wide Mendelian randomization study focusing on endoplasmic reticulum stress reveals novel genetic markers for renal cell carcinoma. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 26;32(2):377. PMID: 42427927
Neurol Res

AATF alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced ferroptosis through upregulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 10:1-17. PMID: 41215590
J Burn Care Res

Role and mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum stress in mice pancreatic islet dysfunction after severe burns. [Abstract]

2023 Sep 7;44(5):1231-1240. PMID: 36869805
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Fangchinoline Exerts Anticancer Effects on Colorectal Cancer Cells by Evoking Cell Apoptosis via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. [Abstract]

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Perfluoroalkyl sulfonate induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress activation and autophagy flux inhibition. [Abstract]

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Sci Total Environ

Nano‑selenium alleviates the pyroptosis of cardiovascular endothelial cells in chicken induced by decabromodiphenyl ether through ERS-TXNIP-NLRP3 pathway. [Abstract]

2024 Mar 10:915:170129. PMID: 38242456
Sci Total Environ

Dibutyl phthalate causes heart damage by disrupting Ca2+ transfer from endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria and triggering subsequent pyroptosis. [Abstract]

2023 Sep 20:892:164620. PMID: 37270010
Environ Toxicol

Hydroquinone-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress affects TK6 cell autophagy and apoptosis via ATF6-mTOR. [Abstract]

2023 Aug;38(8):1874-1890. PMID: 37148176
Research Square Preprint

2023 Jul 28.
Chemosphere

Black phosphorus quantum dots induce autophagy and apoptosis of human bronchial epithelial cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress. [Abstract]

2023 Jun:327:138463. PMID: 36966929
Chemosphere

Fine particulate matter induces heart defects via AHR/ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress. [Abstract]

2022 Nov;307(Pt 2):135962. PMID: 35948106
Research Square Print

2022 Aug.
Research Square Preprint

2022 Jun.
Oxid Med Cell Longev

ROS-Responsive miR-150-5p Downregulation Contributes to Cigarette Smoke-Induced COPD via Targeting IRE1 α. [Abstract]

2022 May 5;2022:5695005. PMID: 35571237
Oxid Med Cell Longev

USP7 Attenuates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and NF- κ B Signaling to Modulate Chondrocyte Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Inflammatory Response under Inflammation. [Abstract]

2022 Apr 6;2022:1835900. PMID: 35432716
Oxid Med Cell Longev

Pharmic Activation of PKG2 Alleviates Diabetes-Induced Osteoblast Dysfunction by Suppressing PLC β 1-Ca2+-Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. [Abstract]

2021 Jun 16:2021:5552530. PMID: 34221234
Elife

Cohesin mutations are synthetic lethal with stimulation of WNT signaling. [Abstract]

2020 Dec 7:9:e61405. PMID: 33284104

Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit

In Vitro:

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (609.01 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : 2 mg/mL (12.18 mM; Need ultrasonic)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Work Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

6.0901 mL

30.4507 mL

60.9013 mL

5 mM

1.2180 mL

6.0901 mL

12.1803 mL

10 mM

0.6090 mL

3.0451 mL

6.0901 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molaritätsrechner

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Konzentration Konzentration

Volumen Volumen

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Verdünnungsrechner

Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)} × Volumen _{(Stammlösung)} = Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)} × Volumen _{(Ziellösung)}

Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)} Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)}

Volumen _{(Stammlösung)} Volumen _{(Stammlösung)}

Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)} Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)}

Volumen _{(Ziellösung)} Volumen _{(Ziellösung)}

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (15.23 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (15.23 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (15.23 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:

It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.

The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 20% HP-β-CD in Saline

Solubility: 33.33 mg/mL (202.98 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 15% Cremophor EL 85% Saline

Solubility: 50 mg/mL (304.51 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Protokoll

All Signal Pathway Related

Research Protocol for Infectious Diseases
Infectious-disease experiments test how pathogens interact with host barriers, innate immune receptors, inflammatory signaling, pathogen replication, and tissue injury; pattern-recognition receptors such as TLRs, RIG-I-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, and inflammasomes detect microbial molecules and activate NF-κB, interferon, and cytokine responses. The central hypothesis is that infection severity reflects the balance between pathogen burden and host response: protective inflammation restricts pathogen growth, whereas excessive or mislocalized inflammation contributes to tissue damage and disease phenotype. Unresolved questions include which host pathways are protective versus pathogenic, why some infection models fail to translate to human disease, and which combined readouts best predict clinically relevant infection outcomes.

Reinheit & Dokumentation

Select Batch:

Reinheit: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (278 KB)
SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Korean - KR (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

Verweise

[1]. Chang TH, et al. Enhanced growth inhibition by combination differentiation therapy with ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and inhibitors of histone deacetylase in adenocarcinoma of the lung. Clin Cancer Res. 2002 Apr;8(4):1206-12. [Content Brief]

[2]. Frouco G, et, al. Sodium phenylbutyrate abrogates African swine fever virus replication by disrupting the virus-induced hypoacetylation status of histone H3K9/K14. Virus Res. 2017 Oct 15;242:24-29. [Content Brief]

[3]. Park HJ, et al. 4-Phenylbutyric acid protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced bone loss by modulating autophagy in osteoclasts. Biochem Pharmacol. 2018 May;151:9-17. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Work Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	6.0901 mL	30.4507 mL	60.9013 mL	152.2534 mL
	5 mM	1.2180 mL	6.0901 mL	12.1803 mL	30.4507 mL
	10 mM	0.6090 mL	3.0451 mL	6.0901 mL	15.2253 mL
DMSO	15 mM	0.4060 mL	2.0300 mL	4.0601 mL	10.1502 mL
	20 mM	0.3045 mL	1.5225 mL	3.0451 mL	7.6127 mL
	25 mM	0.2436 mL	1.2180 mL	2.4361 mL	6.0901 mL
	30 mM	0.2030 mL	1.0150 mL	2.0300 mL	5.0751 mL
	40 mM	0.1523 mL	0.7613 mL	1.5225 mL	3.8063 mL
	50 mM	0.1218 mL	0.6090 mL	1.2180 mL	3.0451 mL
	60 mM	0.1015 mL	0.5075 mL	1.0150 mL	2.5376 mL
	80 mM	0.0761 mL	0.3806 mL	0.7613 mL	1.9032 mL
	100 mM	0.0609 mL	0.3045 mL	0.6090 mL	1.5225 mL

* The product is commonly used at millimolar (mM) concentrations in cell experiments. We recommend weighing the desired amount and dissolving it in medium, followed by sterile filtration using a 0.22 μm filter before immediate use.

Bioz

Keywords

4-Phenylbutyric acid

269 Cited Publications

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4-Phenylbutyric acid

Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) 4-Phenylbutyric acid

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