Capecitabine
Based on 29 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Capecitabine is an oral proagent that is converted to its active metabolite, 5-FU, by thymidine phosphorylase.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.99%
- CAS No.: 154361-50-9
- Formula: C15H22FN3O6
- Molecular Weight:359.35
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 1 year , -20°C, 6 months
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Capecitabine
More- Cancer Cell. 2026 Apr 13;44(4):809-830.e11. [Abstract]
- Cancer Cell. 2026 Mar 9;44(3):658-675.e12. [Abstract]
- ACS Nano. 2024 Nov 12;18(45):31451-31465. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Jan 31:e2408845. [Abstract]
- J Clin Invest. 2024 Mar 7;134(10):e172716. [Abstract]
- J Adv Res. 2021 Jun 12:36:265-276. [Abstract]
- Biomaterials. 2024 Oct:310:122625. [Abstract]
- Cancer Lett. 2024 Feb 1:582:216596. [Abstract]
- Cancer Lett. 2020 Apr 28;476:67-74. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2024 Oct 1;15(10):720. [Abstract]
- Nano Lett. 2023 Oct 25;23(20):9437-9444. [Abstract]
- Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2021 Jan;42(1):108-114. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Discov. 2022 May 2;8(1):238. [Abstract]
- J Med Chem. 2025 Nov 27;68(22):24326-24357. [Abstract]
- Cancer Cell Int. 2023 Jan 31;23(1):14. [Abstract]
- Breast Cancer Res. 2025 Oct 27;27(1):189. [Abstract]
- Int J Cancer. 2024 Jul 15;155(2):324-338. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 Aug 23;124(Pt A):110810. [Abstract]
- ACS Omega. 2025 Oct 30;10(44):52931-52943. [Abstract]
- J Mol Med (Berl). 2019 Aug;97(8):1183-1193. [Abstract]
- Biochem Eng J. 2022: 108722.
- Heliyon. 2024 May 20;10(11):e31431. [Abstract]
- Front Oncol. 2021 Jul 13:11:704042. [Abstract]
- In Vitro Model. 2025 Mar 5;4(1):31-44. [Abstract]
- Open Life Sci. 2023 Jan 10;18(1):20220535. [Abstract]
- In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 2021 May;57(5):510-518. [Abstract]
- Journal of Nanostructures. 2025.
- Patent. US20230101335A1.
- Research Square Preprint. 2022 Feb.
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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Histological Imaging/Staining
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IHC
All DNA/RNA Synthesis Isoforms
More
Biological Activity
DNA/RNA Synthesis[1]
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCT-116 | IC50 |
34.2 μM
Compound: Cape
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Antiproliferative activity against human HCT-116 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
Antiproliferative activity against human HCT-116 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 35300092] |
| HeLa | IC50 |
0.05 mg/mL
Compound: 4a, Capecitabine
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Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 3 days MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 3 days MTT assay
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[PMID: 22796042] |
| KG-1 | IC50 |
8.9 μM
Compound: Cape
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Antiproliferative activity against human KG-1 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
Antiproliferative activity against human KG-1 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 35300092] |
| MCF7 | IC50 |
0.71 mg/mL
Compound: 4a, Capecitabine
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Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 3 days MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 3 days MTT assay
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[PMID: 22796042] |
| NCI-H69 | IC50 |
0.3 mg/mL
Compound: 4a, Capecitabine
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Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H69 cells after 3 days MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H69 cells after 3 days MTT assay
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[PMID: 22796042] |
Capecitabine is an anti-cancer chemotherapy drug. It is classified as an antimetabolite. Capecitabine is converted into 5′-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine (5′DFCR), 5′-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5′DFUR) and 5-FU by carboxylesterases (CES1 and 2), cytidine deaminase (CDD), and thymidine phosphorylase (TP), in both liver and tumour. Capecitabine induces a significant cytotoxic effect in vitro only at high concentrations. Mean IC50 values vary from 860 μM in COLO205 cells to 6000 μM in HCT8 cells[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 154361-50-9
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 359.35
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Formula C15H22FN3O6
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](N2C=C(C(NC(OCCCCC)=O)=NC2=O)F)O[C@@H]1C
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 1 year -20°C 6 months
Publications (29)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Cancer Cell
Dissecting genetic and immune drivers of heterogeneous responses to neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in gastric cancer. [Abstract]2026 Apr 13;44(4):809-830.e11. PMID: 41720086 -
Cancer Cell
Chemotherapy triggers immune evasion by fostering LEPR+ Kupffer cell differentiation in liver metastases. [Abstract]2026 Mar 9;44(3):658-675.e12. PMID: 41687606 -
ACS Nano
Single-Molecule-Based, Label-Free Monitoring of Molecular Glue Efficacies for Promoting Protein-Protein Interactions Using YaxAB Nanopores. [Abstract]2024 Nov 12;18(45):31451-31465. PMID: 39482865 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
2025 Jan 31:e2408845. PMID: 39888307
Capecitabine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Jan 31:e2408845. [Abstract]
Dose-response curves of HCT116 to Capecitabine (0-100 μM; 24 h).
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J Clin Invest
DNA topoisomerase II inhibition potentiates osimertinib's therapeutic efficacy in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer models. [Abstract]2024 Mar 7;134(10):e172716. PMID: 38451729
Capecitabine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Clin Invest. 2024 Mar 7;134(10):e172716. [Abstract]
The given cell lines were treated with 250 nM osimertinib (Osim), 1.25 μM Etoposide (VP-16), 125 nM Doxorubicin (DXR), 5 nM Paclitaxel, 10 μM Cisplatin, 25 μM Carboplatin, 25 nM Gemcitabine, 20 nM 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), 25 μM Cyclophosphamide, 25 μM Capecitabine, or 10 nM Vincristine alone or in combination for 3 days. Cell numbers were then measured using the SRB assay.
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J Adv Res
Targeting PLA2G16, a lipid metabolism gene, by Ginsenoside Compound K to suppress the malignant progression of colorectal cancer. [Abstract]2021 Jun 12:36:265-276. PMID: 35127176
Capecitabine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Adv Res. 2021 Jun 12:36:265-276. [Abstract]
Ginsenoside Compound K (GCK) and Capecitabine (359 mg/kg; i.g.; 5 days/week for 3 weeks and stop for 1 week) inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors.
Capecitabine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Adv Res. 2021 Jun 12:36:265-276. [Abstract]
H&E staining to detect tumor necrosis in mice models treated with Ginsenoside Compound K (GCK) and Capecitabine (359 mg/kg; i.g.; 5 days/week for 3 weeks and stop for 1 week) .
Capecitabine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Adv Res. 2021 Jun 12:36:265-276. [Abstract]
IHC detected the expression of Ki-67 in tumor tissue of mice models treated with Ginsenoside Compound K (GCK) and Capecitabine (359 mg/kg; i.g.; 5 days/week for 3 weeks and stop for 1 week) .
Capecitabine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Adv Res. 2021 Jun 12:36:265-276. [Abstract]
Ginsenoside Compound K (GCK) and Capecitabine (359 mg/kg; i.g.; 5 days/week for 3 weeks and stop for 1 week) decreased the protein expressions of N-cadherin, ZEB1, MMP-9, MMP-2 and Vimentin in vivo.
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Biomaterials
Immune modulation of the liver metastatic colorectal cancer microenvironment via the oral CAPOX-mediated cGAS-STING pathway. [Abstract]2024 Oct:310:122625. PMID: 38820768 -
Cancer Lett
Dihydroartemisinin inhibits the development of colorectal cancer by GSK-3β/TCF7/MMP9 pathway and synergies with capecitabine. [Abstract]2024 Feb 1:582:216596. PMID: 38101610 -
Cancer Lett
IRE1α-targeting downregulates ABC transporters and overcomes drug resistance of colon cancer cells. [Abstract]2020 Apr 28;476:67-74. PMID: 32061752 -
Cell Death Dis
2024 Oct 1;15(10):720. PMID: 39353904 -
Nano Lett
2023 Oct 25;23(20):9437-9444. PMID: 37818841 -
Acta Pharmacol Sin
Osimertinib successfully combats EGFR-negative glioblastoma cells by inhibiting the MAPK pathway. [Abstract]2021 Jan;42(1):108-114. PMID: 32398685 -
Cell Death Discov
A novel SRSF3 inhibitor, SFI003, exerts anticancer activity against colorectal cancer by modulating the SRSF3/DHCR24/ROS axis. [Abstract]2022 May 2;8(1):238. PMID: 35501301 -
J Med Chem
Fluorocyclopropyl-Containing Tacrine Derivatives as Potent and Selective Dual CDK2/CDK9 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. [Abstract]2025 Nov 27;68(22):24326-24357. PMID: 41239996 -
Cancer Cell Int
In vitro co-culture systems of hepatic and intestinal cells for cellular pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of capecitabine against colorectal cancer. [Abstract]2023 Jan 31;23(1):14. PMID: 36717845 -
Breast Cancer Res
Multi-receptor targeted therapy of breast cancer and brain metastases with a novel QUAD-drug conjugate. [Abstract]2025 Oct 27;27(1):189. PMID: 41146202 -
Int J Cancer
Establishment of patient-derived organoids for guiding personalized therapies in breast cancer patients. [Abstract]2024 Jul 15;155(2):324-338. PMID: 38533706 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Metronomic capecitabine with rapamycin exerts an immunosuppressive effect by inducing ferroptosis of CD4+ T cells after liver transplantation in rat. [Abstract]2023 Aug 23;124(Pt A):110810. PMID: 37625370 -
ACS Omega
A LRELHLNNN-Gal‑3 Modified Adipose Decellularized Scaffold To Construct Colorectal Cancer Model for Anticancer Drug Screening and Immunotherapy. [Abstract]2025 Oct 30;10(44):52931-52943. PMID: 41244442 -
J Mol Med (Berl)
2019 Aug;97(8):1183-1193. PMID: 31201471 -
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Heliyon
HMGA2 promotes resistance against paclitaxel by targeting the p53 signaling pathway in colorectal cancer cells. [Abstract]2024 May 20;10(11):e31431. PMID: 38845972 -
Front Oncol
Patient-Derived Xenograft Models for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Their Application in Guiding Personalized Medicine. [Abstract]2021 Jul 13:11:704042. PMID: 34327143 -
In Vitro Model
Colorectal carcinoma organoid and cancer-associated fibroblasts co-culture system for drug evaluation. [Abstract]2025 Mar 5;4(1):31-44. PMID: 40160212 -
Open Life Sci
Systemic investigation of inetetamab in combination with small molecules to treat HER2-overexpressing breast and gastric cancers. [Abstract]2023 Jan 10;18(1):20220535. PMID: 36694697 -
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim
Breast cancer organoids from malignant pleural effusion-derived tumor cells as an individualized medicine platform. [Abstract]2021 May;57(5):510-518. PMID: 33950403 -
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Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 250 mg/mL (695.70 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : 12.5 mg/mL (34.79 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.79 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.79 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 50% PEG300 50% Saline
Solubility: 20 mg/mL (55.66 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocol
HCT 116, HCT8, HCT15, HT29, SW620 and COLO205 human colon cancer cells are used. Cells are plated on day 1 in 96-well plates at a density of 2500 cells/well for HCT 116, 3500 cells/well for HCT8 and HT29, 5000 cells/well for HCT15, 6000 cells/well for SW620 and 7000 cells/wells for COLO205 in a volume of 150 μL/well. All cell lines are treated on day 2 with increasing concentrations of Capecitabine (0.1-10 mM), 5′DFCR (10 nM-100 μM), 5′DFUR (2.5-500 μM) or 5-FU (0.5-250 μM) for 24 h. After drug exposure, cells are washed once with cold PBS and placed in 200 μL of drug-free medium for 72 h after the end of drug exposure. The cells are then fixed with trichloroacetic acid and stained with sulforhodamine B. Optical densities are measured at 540 nm with a Biohit BP-800. The results are based on three independent experiments performed in triplicate[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Mice[2]
Six-week-old C57/Bl6 Nu/Nu mice are used. Bilateral HCT 116 xenografts are obtained by subcutaneous injection of 107 cells/flank. Animals bearing HCT 116 xenografts are treated with vehicle or Capecitabine 0.52 or 2.1 mmol/kg (563 and 2250 mg/m2, respectively) given once daily for 5 consecutive days/week by oral gavage for 3 weeks (days 0-4, 7-11, 14-18). Animals are culled on day 0 at 15, 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h, and prior to planned treatment on days 7 and 14 after the start of treatment. Three animals per time-point are analysed. At the time of collection, blood is collected in heparin, and plasma isolated and stored at −80°C. The liver is removed immediately and stored in RNAlater solution. Tumours are macro-dissected to remove fibrotic tissue and blood vessels and snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (278 KB)
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SDS (419 KB)
- English - EN (419 KB)
- Français - FR (419 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (419 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (419 KB)
- Español - ES (419 KB)
- Swedish - SV (419 KB)
- Italian - IT (419 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (419 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O / DMSO | 1 mM | 2.7828 mL | 13.9140 mL | 27.8280 mL | 69.5701 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5566 mL | 2.7828 mL | 5.5656 mL | 13.9140 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2783 mL | 1.3914 mL | 2.7828 mL | 6.9570 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1855 mL | 0.9276 mL | 1.8552 mL | 4.6380 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1391 mL | 0.6957 mL | 1.3914 mL | 3.4785 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1113 mL | 0.5566 mL | 1.1131 mL | 2.7828 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0928 mL | 0.4638 mL | 0.9276 mL | 2.3190 mL | |
| DMSO | 40 mM | 0.0696 mL | 0.3479 mL | 0.6957 mL | 1.7393 mL |
| 50 mM | 0.0557 mL | 0.2783 mL | 0.5566 mL | 1.3914 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0464 mL | 0.2319 mL | 0.4638 mL | 1.1595 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0348 mL | 0.1739 mL | 0.3479 mL | 0.8696 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0278 mL | 0.1391 mL | 0.2783 mL | 0.6957 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.