Mitoquinone mesylate
Based on 138 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Mitoquinone mesylate is a TPP-based, mitochondrially targeted antioxidant in order to protect against oxidative damage.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 98.50%
- CAS No.: 845959-50-4
- Formula: C38H47O7PS
- Molecular Weight:678.81
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Storage:
-20°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Mitoquinone mesylate
More- Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2025 Dec 17;10(1):413. [Abstract]
- Cell Metab. 2023 Jan 3;35(1):200-211.e9. [Abstract]
- Cell Metab. 2020 Dec 17;S1550-4131(20)30656-2. [Abstract]
- Nat Cell Biol. 2024 Sep;26(9):1545-1557. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2025 Aug 12;16(1):7483. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2025 Feb 18;16(1):1752. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2025 Jun 2;16(1):5101. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2025 May 8;16(1):4292. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2023 Jul 24;14(1):4456. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2022 Aug 6;13(1):4583. [Abstract]
- Acta Pharm Sin B. 2025 Apr;15(4):2095-2113. [Abstract]
- Acta Pharm Sin B. 2022 Feb;12(2):759-773. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2025 Oct 25. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Sep 20:e2404753. [Abstract]
- Cardiovasc Res. 2026 Jun 5;122(8):1087-1103. [Abstract]
- Exp Mol Med. 2023 Mar;55(3):574-586. [Abstract]
- Biomaterials. 2023 Mar:294:121986. [Abstract]
- Mol Ther. 2021 Dec 1;29(12):3498-3511. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2025 Jun 9:85:103715. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2024 Dec 3:79:103454. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2022 Aug:54:102367. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2022 Feb;49:102216. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2021 Oct:46:102113. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2021 Jul;43:101977. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2021 May:41:101936. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2020 Sep;36:101604. [Abstract]
- Brain. 2021 Nov 29;144(10):3126-3141. [Abstract]
- J Exp Med. 2021 Sep 6;218(9):e20202637. [Abstract]
- Cancer Lett. 2021 Aug 1:512:1-14. [Abstract]
- Environ Health Perspect. 2024 Jun;132(6):67009. [Abstract]
- Environ Int. 2024 May 22:188:108771. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2022 Jun 6;13(6):531. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2021 Sep 8;12(9):839. [Abstract]
- Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2025 Nov 25;122(47):e2518190122. [Abstract]
- Cell Commun Signal. 2025 Sep 3;23(1):393. [Abstract]
- Cell Commun Signal. 2024 Nov 26;22(1):566. [Abstract]
- J Environ Manage. 2025 Apr:379:124775. [Abstract]
- Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2022 Jan;43(1):177-193. [Abstract]
- EMBO J. 2023 Aug 15;42(16):e113258. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2026 Apr:247:348-360. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2025 Oct:238:582-594. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2024 Jul 9:S0891-5849(24)00552-5. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2024 Mar:214:28-41. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2024 Mar:214:54-68. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2021 Apr:166:116-127. [Abstract]
- Chemosphere. 2023 May:323:138249. [Abstract]
- Sci Total Environ. 2022 Mar 20:813:151899. [Abstract]
- Biomed Pharmacother. 2025 Apr 28:187:118108. [Abstract]
- J Transl Med. 2025 Jan 8;23(1):30. [Abstract]
- Curr Biol. 2020 Sep 7;30(17):3378-3396.e7. [Abstract]
- Oncogene. 2022 Jan;41(3):427-443. [Abstract]
- Aging Cell. 2026 Jan;25(1):e70328. [Abstract]
- Aging Cell. 2025 Oct 17:e70275. [Abstract]
- Aging Cell. 2021 Sep;20(9):e13468. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Discov. 2025 Mar 1;11(1):82. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2024 Dec 21;44(1):115094. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2020 Nov 3;33(5):108340. [Abstract]
- Antioxidants (Basel). 2024 Aug 19;13(8):1004. [Abstract]
- Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Apr 19;11(5):799. [Abstract]
- Phytother Res. 2024 Sep;38(9):4628-4649. [Abstract]
- J Agric Food Chem. 2025 Jul 2;73(26):16370-16383. [Abstract]
- EMBO Rep. 2024 Apr;25(4):2015-2044. [Abstract]
- EMBO Rep. 2023 Aug 3;24(8):e56635. [Abstract]
- J Agric Food Chem. 2021 Jul 14;69(27):7765-7776. [Abstract]
- EMBO Rep. 2021 May 5;22(5):e51532. [Abstract]
- Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2023 Oct 1:264:115409. [Abstract]
- Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2022 Jun 15;238:113595. [Abstract]
- Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2022 Mar 1:232:113219. [Abstract]
- J Mol Cell Biol. 2023 Apr 20;14(12):mjac073. [Abstract]
- Biochem Pharmacol. 2026 Apr:246:117729. [Abstract]
- Biochem Pharmacol. 2025 Apr:234:116811. [Abstract]
- J Ethnopharmacol. 2026 Feb 28:357:120941. [Abstract]
- Chem Biol Interact. 2025 Sep 26:111758. [Abstract]
- Microchem J. 2024 Nov 28.
- Commun Biol. 2022 Jul 22;5(1):726. [Abstract]
- Immunology. 2024 Oct;173(2):339-359. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2023 May 24;24(11):9176. [Abstract]
- Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2025 May 29;45(1):53. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 Dec 9:169:115974. [Abstract]
- mBio. 2025 Oct 8;16(10):e0218025. [Abstract]
- Eur J Pharmacol. 2024 Dec 15:985:177094. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Jan 25:127:111328. [Abstract]
- Eur J Pharm Sci. 2023 Feb 1:181:106350. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2021 Jan;90:107149. [Abstract]
- Toxicology. 2024 May:504:153812. [Abstract]
- Toxicology. 2023 Mar 15:487:153466. [Abstract]
- Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2023 Jun 15;67(6):e0009823. [Abstract]
- J Dairy Sci. 2023 Oct;106(10):7266-7280. [Abstract]
- Exp Gerontol. 2024 May:189:112401. [Abstract]
- J Cell Mol Med. 2024 May;28(9):e18353. [Abstract]
- Mediators Inflamm. 2020 Aug 17;2020:3934769. [Abstract]
- iScience. 2025 Feb 13;28(3):112020. [Abstract]
- J Inflamm Res. 2022 Aug 3:15:4409-4420. [Abstract]
- Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2025 May:210:106396. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2026 Apr 24;16(1):18995. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 14;14(1):24044. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2024 Sep 10;14(1):21154. [Abstract]
- Neurotoxicology. 2023 Mar:95:155-163. [Abstract]
- Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res. 2025 Dec;1872(8):120059. [Abstract]
- Exp Cell Res. 2021 Dec 15;409(2):112934. [Abstract]
- Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2023 Apr 15:465:116452. [Abstract]
- Anim Reprod Sci. 2025 May 14:278:107856. [Abstract]
- J Diabetes Investig. 2025 Nov 25. [Abstract]
- Nucl Med Biol. 2025 Jan 22:142-143:108996. [Abstract]
- Am J Cancer Res. 2021 Mar 1;11(3):691-711. [Abstract]
- J Mol Neurosci. 2024 Mar 13;74(1):30. [Abstract]
- Toxicol In Vitro. 2023 Feb:86:105487. [Abstract]
- Toxicol In Vitro. 2022 Oct:84:105436. [Abstract]
- Ultrasound Med Biol. 2026 Apr;52(4):805-815. [Abstract]
- PLoS One. 2021 Jan 12;16(1):e0245155. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2018 Sep 3;503(1):297-303. [Abstract]
- Toxicol Res (Camb). 2022 Sep 8;11(5):852-862. [Abstract]
- J Equine Vet Sci. 2024 Aug 14:105168. [Abstract]
- Res Sq. 2026 Jan 22.
- SSRN. 2026 Jan 10.
- SSRN. 2026 Jan 12.
- SSRN. 2025 Dec 1.
- bioRxiv. 2025 Dec 1:2025.11.27.690007. [Abstract]
- SSRN. 2025 Oct 19.
- bioRxiv. 2025 Sep 16.
- SSRN. 2025 Sep 4.
- bioRxiv. 2025 July 21.
- bioRxiv. 2024 August 06.
- bioRxiv. 2024 Mar 23.
- SSRN. 2024 Jan 9.
- Research Square Preprint. 2023 Sep 1.
- Research Square Preprint. 2023 Jul 24.
- SSRN. 2023 May 22.
- Patent. US20230088747A1.
- J Tradit Chinese Medical Sci. 2023 Feb 10.
- Lat Am J Pharm. 2023 Feb 16; 42(1).
- Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Sep 20;2022:2213503. [Abstract]
- Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Jun 1:2022:4290922. [Abstract]
- SSRN. 16 Feb 2022.
- Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021 Aug 31;2021:5608133. [Abstract]
- Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021 Aug 13:2021:1394486. [Abstract]
- Research Square Preprint. 2021 Jul.
- Fachbereich Biologie. 2020 Oct.
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Cell Imaging/Staining
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
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Biological Activity
Mitoquinone (MitoQ) is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant.The optimal doses for Mitoquinone (MitoQ) and DecylTPP treatment are selected from dose-response experiments during 4-h cold storage (CS). The potential protective benefits of Mitoquinone treatment against CS injury are tested initially using MitoSOX Red, a mitochondrial-targeted fluorescent dye that measures mitochondrial superoxide generation. Normal rat kidney (NRK) cells exposed to CS result in a ~2-fold increase in fluorescence due to mitochondrial superoxide compared with untreated cells. Mitoquinone offers significant protection against CS-induced mitochondrial superoxide generation; whereas the control compound DecylTPP does not offer any protection. Mitoquinone treatment markedly decreases mitochondrial superoxide generation, whereas kidneys treated with DecylTPP have comparable levels of mitochondrial superoxide to kidneys exposed to CS alone[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 845959-50-4
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Appearance Oil
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Molecular Weight 678.81
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Formula C38H47O7PS
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Color Brown to orange
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SMILES
[O-]S(=O)(C)=O.O=C(C(CCCCCCCCCC[P+](C1=CC=CC=C1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3)=C4C)C(OC)=C(OC)C4=O
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Synonyms
MitoQ mesylate; MitoQ10 mesylate
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
-20°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Publications (138)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Signal Transduct Target Ther
Disruption of heme homeostasis by nuclear receptor Nur77 induces pyroptosis through granzyme B-dependent GSDMC cleavage. [Abstract]2025 Dec 17;10(1):413. PMID: 41407678 -
Cell Metab
Ultrasensitive sensors reveal the spatiotemporal landscape of lactate metabolism in physiology and disease. [Abstract]2023 Jan 3;35(1):200-211.e9. PMID: 36309010 -
Cell Metab
Lysosomal lipoprotein processing in endothelial cells stimulates adipose tissue thermogenic adaptation. [Abstract]2020 Dec 17;S1550-4131(20)30656-2. PMID: 33357458
Mitoquinone mesylate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Metab. 2020 Dec 17;S1550-4131(20)30656-2. [Abstract]
Effect of TRL and MitoQ (100 nM) on HIF1α and PDK1 protein levels in WT1 cells.
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Nat Cell Biol
2024 Sep;26(9):1545-1557. PMID: 38997456
Mitoquinone mesylate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Cell Biol. 2024 Sep;26(9):1545-1557. [Abstract]
Cells were pretreated with Mito-Q (2 μM, 2 h); the levels of mito-ROS and lipid ROS are indicated.
Mitoquinone mesylate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Cell Biol. 2024 Sep;26(9):1545-1557. [Abstract]
Cells were pretreated with Mito-Q (2 μM, 2 h), the peroxidase activity of cyt.c was indicated.
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Nat Commun
The long non-coding RNA RSDR protects against acute kidney injury in mice by interacting with hnRNPK to regulate DHODH-mediated ferroptosis. [Abstract]2025 Aug 12;16(1):7483. PMID: 40796740 -
Nat Commun
Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 2 Kinase EFK-1/eEF2K promotes starvation resistance by preventing oxidative damage in C. elegans. [Abstract]2025 Feb 18;16(1):1752. PMID: 39966347 -
Nat Commun
Myocardial mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein promotes heart Ischemia-reperfusion injury via RIG-I signaling in mice. [Abstract]2025 Jun 2;16(1):5101. PMID: 40456736
Mitoquinone mesylate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2025 Jun 2;16(1):5101. [Abstract]
The total reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined in heart tissue at 6 h post-reperfusion in the mitoquinone mesylate (MitoQ) (10 mg/kg 30 min prior to surgery and 2 h after reperfusion.)-treated and untreated MIRI group and sham group in WT mice and MAVS-KO mice. The expression levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS) were determined in heart tissue at 6 h post-reperfusion in the MitoQ-treated and untreated MIRI group and the sham group in WT mice and MAVS-KO mice.
Mitoquinone mesylate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2025 Jun 2;16(1):5101. [Abstract]
Lysine-63 residues (K63)-type ubiquitination of MAVS in WT mice treated with or without Mitoquinone mesylate (MitoQ, 10 mg/kg; i.p.; twice daily) at 6 h post-reperfusion was determined by co-immunoprecipitation assay.
Mitoquinone mesylate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2025 Jun 2;16(1):5101. [Abstract]
K63-type ubiquitination of RIG-I in WT mice treated with or without Mitoquinone mesylate (MitoQ, 10 mg/kg; i.p.; twice daily) at 6 h post-reperfusion was determined by co-immunoprecipitation assay.
Mitoquinone mesylate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2025 Jun 2;16(1):5101. [Abstract]
Phosphorylation of JNK in WT mice treated with or without Mitoquinone mesylate (MitoQ, 10 mg/kg; i.p.; twice daily) at 6 h post-reperfusion was determined by co-immunoprecipitation assay.
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Nat Commun
Metabolic reprogramming driven by Ant2 deficiency augments T Cell function and anti-tumor immunity in mice. [Abstract]2025 May 8;16(1):4292. PMID: 40341170
Mitoquinone mesylate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2025 May 8;16(1):4292. [Abstract]
Graph showing the relative proliferation of WT or Ant2−/− CD8+ T cells treated with the indicated concentrations of MitoQ (0-700 nM, 72 h). Relative proliferation was assessed by calculating the ratio of each treated sample’s P. index to the average P. index of the corresponding untreated control (WT or Ant2−/−)
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Nat Commun
2023 Jul 24;14(1):4456. PMID: 37488119
Mitoquinone mesylate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2023 Jul 24;14(1):4456. [Abstract]
Mitoquinone mesylate (Mito-Q, 5 mg/kg; i.p.; once daily for 3 days; mice) alleviates thioacetamide (TAA) (50 mg/kg; i.p.; once daily for 3 days)-induced hepatocyte necrosis.
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Nat Commun
Neutrophils restrain sepsis associated coagulopathy via extracellular vesicles carrying superoxide dismutase 2 in a murine model of lipopolysaccharide induced sepsis. [Abstract]2022 Aug 6;13(1):4583. PMID: 35933512 -
Acta Pharm Sin B
2025 Apr;15(4):2095-2113. PMID: 40486852 -
Acta Pharm Sin B
Targeting glutamine utilization to block metabolic adaptation of tumor cells under the stress of carboxyamidotriazole-induced nutrients unavailability. [Abstract]2022 Feb;12(2):759-773. PMID: 35256945 -
Autophagy
XIAP-ULK1-Mediated mitophagy modulates carnitine metabolism to mitigate diabetic kidney disease. [Abstract]2025 Oct 25. PMID: 41139215 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Evoked DHODH Acetylation is Involved in Renal Cell Ferroptosis during Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. [Abstract]2024 Sep 20:e2404753. PMID: 39303219 -
Cardiovasc Res
2026 Jun 5;122(8):1087-1103. PMID: 42035236 -
Exp Mol Med
NLRP3-dependent lipid droplet formation contributes to posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus by increasing the permeability of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in the choroid plexus. [Abstract]2023 Mar;55(3):574-586. PMID: 36869068 -
Biomaterials
2D-CuPd nanozyme overcome tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. [Abstract]2023 Mar:294:121986. PMID: 36623325 -
Mol Ther
Cardiolipin remodeling by ALCAT1 links hypoxia to coronary artery disease by promoting mitochondrial dysfunction. [Abstract]2021 Dec 1;29(12):3498-3511. PMID: 34111561 -
Redox Biol
Regulation of redox homeostasis by ATF4-MTHFD2 axis during white adipose tissue browning. [Abstract]2025 Jun 9:85:103715. PMID: 40516456 -
Redox Biol
2024 Dec 3:79:103454. PMID: 39642596 -
Redox Biol
STING signaling sensing of DRP1-dependent mtDNA release in kupffer cells contributes to lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in mice. [Abstract]2022 Aug:54:102367. PMID: 35724543 -
Redox Biol
Targeted up-regulation of Drp1 in dorsal horn attenuates neuropathic pain hypersensitivity by increasing mitochondrial fission. [Abstract]2022 Feb;49:102216. PMID: 34954498 -
Redox Biol
The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ attenuated PM2.5-induced vascular fibrosis via regulating mitophagy. [Abstract]2021 Oct:46:102113. PMID: 34425389 -
Redox Biol
ent-Kaurane diterpenoids induce apoptosis and ferroptosis through targeting redox resetting to overcome cisplatin resistance. [Abstract]2021 Jul;43:101977. PMID: 33905957 -
Redox Biol
MitoQ protects against hyperpermeability of endothelium barrier in acute lung injury via a Nrf2-dependent mechanism. [Abstract]2021 May:41:101936. PMID: 33752110 -
Redox Biol
Mitochondrial superoxide contributes to oxidative stress exacerbated by DNA damage response in RAD51-depleted ovarian cancer cells. [Abstract]2020 Sep;36:101604. PMID: 32554304 -
Brain
Dimethyl fumarate treatment restrains the antioxidative capacity of T cells to control autoimmunity. [Abstract]2021 Nov 29;144(10):3126-3141. PMID: 34849598 -
J Exp Med
2021 Sep 6;218(9):e20202637. PMID: 34342641 -
Cancer Lett
XRCC2 repairs mitochondrial DNA damage and fuels malignant behavior in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]2021 Aug 1:512:1-14. PMID: 33964350 -
Environ Health Perspect
Prolonged Cadmium Exposure and Osteoclastogenesis: A Mechanistic Mouse and in Vitro Study. [Abstract]2024 Jun;132(6):67009. PMID: 38896780 -
Environ Int
Co-exposure of microcystin and nitrite enhanced spermatogenic disorders: The role of mtROS-mediated pyroptosis and apoptosis. [Abstract]2024 May 22:188:108771. PMID: 38805914 -
Cell Death Dis
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen is critical for IL-12/IL-18-induced IFN-γ production by CD4+ T cells and is regulated by Fas/FasL signaling. [Abstract]2022 Jun 6;13(6):531. PMID: 35668079 -
Cell Death Dis
2021 Sep 8;12(9):839. PMID: 34497268 -
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
2025 Nov 25;122(47):e2518190122. PMID: 41264257 -
Cell Commun Signal
Targeting mitochondrial proteases CLPP and LONP1 via disruption of mitochondrial redox homeostasis induces proteotoxic stress and suppresses tumor progression. [Abstract]2025 Sep 3;23(1):393. PMID: 40903791 -
Cell Commun Signal
Cadmium exposure triggers alveolar epithelial cell pyroptosis by inducing mitochondrial oxidative stress and activating the cGAS-STING pathway. [Abstract]2024 Nov 26;22(1):566. PMID: 39587603 -
J Environ Manage
Decabromodiphenyl ethane exposure-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction drives oxeiptosis in placental trophoblasts and induces fetal growth restriction. [Abstract]2025 Apr:379:124775. PMID: 40049011 -
Acta Pharmacol Sin
Cepharanthine sensitizes human triple negative breast cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agent epirubicin via inducing cofilin oxidation-mediated mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. [Abstract]2022 Jan;43(1):177-193. PMID: 34294886 -
EMBO J
2023 Aug 15;42(16):e113258. PMID: 37409632 -
Free Radic Biol Med
Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate causes testicular ferroptosis though deficiency of androgen receptor and disruption of mitochondrial quality control. [Abstract]2026 Apr:247:348-360. PMID: 41692315 -
Free Radic Biol Med
MitoQ alleviates prion-induced neurodegeneration by modulating DRP1- and OPA1-mediated mitochondrial dynamics. [Abstract]2025 Oct:238:582-594. PMID: 40651617 -
Free Radic Biol Med
2024 Jul 9:S0891-5849(24)00552-5. PMID: 38992393 -
Free Radic Biol Med
Elaborate cooperation of poly(rC)-binding proteins 1/2 and glutathione in ferroptosis induced by plasma-activated Ringer's lactate. [Abstract]2024 Mar:214:28-41. PMID: 38325565 -
Free Radic Biol Med
BRG1 accelerates mesothelial cell senescence and peritoneal fibrosis by inhibiting mitophagy through repression of OXR1. [Abstract]2024 Mar:214:54-68. PMID: 38311259 -
Free Radic Biol Med
Cigarette smoke-inactivated SIRT1 promotes autophagy-dependent senescence of alveolar epithelial type 2 cells to induce pulmonary fibrosis. [Abstract]2021 Apr:166:116-127. PMID: 33609723 -
Chemosphere
Regulation of Cx43 and its role in trichloroethylene-induced cardiac toxicity in H9C2 rat cardiomyocytes. [Abstract]2023 May:323:138249. PMID: 36842555 -
Sci Total Environ
Ultrafine black carbon caused mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy in SH-SY5Y cells. [Abstract]2022 Mar 20:813:151899. PMID: 34838543 -
Biomed Pharmacother
Enhanced tumor suppressive effect of a new HDAC inhibitor in bladder cancer in vitro and in vivo. [Abstract]2025 Apr 28:187:118108. PMID: 40300392 -
J Transl Med
Gallic acid alleviates exercise-induced muscle damage by inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative stress and ferroptosis. [Abstract]2025 Jan 8;23(1):30. PMID: 39780143 -
Curr Biol
O2-Dependent Protein Internalization Underlies Astrocytic Sensing of Acute Hypoxia by Restricting Multimodal TRPA1 Channel Responses. [Abstract]2020 Sep 7;30(17):3378-3396.e7. PMID: 32679097 -
Oncogene
Disrupted mitochondrial homeostasis coupled with mitotic arrest generates antineoplastic oxidative stress. [Abstract]2022 Jan;41(3):427-443. PMID: 34773075 -
Aging Cell
Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Photodynamic Therapy Ameliorating Skin Photoaging by Improving Cellular Senescence Through Mitohormesis-Mediated Reduction of Citrate Content. [Abstract]2026 Jan;25(1):e70328. PMID: 41456904 -
Aging Cell
Matrix Stiffness Promotes DRP1-Mediated Myofibroblast Senescence to Drive Silica-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. [Abstract]2025 Oct 17:e70275. PMID: 41104695 -
Aging Cell
Inhibition of the cGAS-STING pathway ameliorates the premature senescence hallmarks of Ataxia-Telangiectasia brain organoids. [Abstract]2021 Sep;20(9):e13468. PMID: 34459078 -
Cell Death Discov
NDUFB7 mutations cause brain neuronal defects, lactic acidosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction in humans and zebrafish. [Abstract]2025 Mar 1;11(1):82. PMID: 40025060 -
Cell Rep
The N-degron pathway mediates the autophagic degradation of cytosolic mitochondrial DNA during sterile innate immune responses. [Abstract]2024 Dec 21;44(1):115094. PMID: 39709605 -
Cell Rep
Mitochondrial UQCC3 Modulates Hypoxia Adaptation by Orchestrating OXPHOS and Glycolysis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. [Abstract]2020 Nov 3;33(5):108340. PMID: 33147459 -
Antioxidants (Basel)
Sodium Selenite Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis in Cervical Cancer Cells via Mitochondrial ROS-Activated AMPK/mTOR/FOXO3a Pathway. [Abstract]2024 Aug 19;13(8):1004. PMID: 39199249 -
Antioxidants (Basel)
Empagliflozin-Enhanced Antioxidant Defense Attenuates Lipotoxicity and Protects Hepatocytes by Promoting FoxO3a- and Nrf2-Mediated Nuclear Translocation via the CAMKK2/AMPK Pathway. [Abstract]2022 Apr 19;11(5):799. PMID: 35624663 -
Phytother Res
Fisetin disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis via superoxide dismutase 2 acetylation in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. [Abstract]2024 Sep;38(9):4628-4649. PMID: 39091056 -
J Agric Food Chem
SMPD3 Inhibition Contributes to Nicotinamide-Ameliorated Hepatic Steatosis in Chronic Alcohol-Fed Mice. [Abstract]2025 Jul 2;73(26):16370-16383. PMID: 40404566 -
EMBO Rep
PRODH safeguards human naive pluripotency by limiting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species production. [Abstract]2024 Apr;25(4):2015-2044. PMID: 38480845 -
EMBO Rep
Enhancing Spns2/S1P in macrophages alleviates hyperinflammation and prevents immunosuppression in sepsis. [Abstract]2023 Aug 3;24(8):e56635. PMID: 37358015 -
J Agric Food Chem
Acrylamide Induces Abnormal mtDNA Expression by Causing Mitochondrial ROS Accumulation, Biogenesis, and Dynamics Disorders. [Abstract]2021 Jul 14;69(27):7765-7776. PMID: 34191505 -
EMBO Rep
The mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake regulator, MICU1, is involved in cold stress-induced ferroptosis. [Abstract]2021 May 5;22(5):e51532. PMID: 33822458 -
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
Mitochondrial oxidative stress regulates LonP1-TDP-43 pathway and rises mitochondrial damage in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis. [Abstract]2023 Oct 1:264:115409. PMID: 37647804 -
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
Arsenic induces ferroptosis and acute lung injury through mtROS-mediated mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane dysfunction. [Abstract]2022 Jun 15;238:113595. PMID: 35525119 -
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
Microbe-derived antioxidants attenuate cobalt chloride-induced mitochondrial function, autophagy and BNIP3-dependent mitophagy pathways in BRL3A cells. [Abstract]2022 Mar 1:232:113219. PMID: 35104775 -
J Mol Cell Biol
Histone lactylation driven by mROS-mediated glycolytic shift promotes hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. [Abstract]2023 Apr 20;14(12):mjac073. PMID: 36564027 -
Biochem Pharmacol
MitoQ upregulates CYP19A1 to protect dermal papilla cells from DHT-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in androgenetic alopecia. [Abstract]2026 Apr:246:117729. PMID: 41571202 -
Biochem Pharmacol
MitoQ alleviates H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in keratinocytes through the Nrf2/PINK1 pathway. [Abstract]2025 Apr:234:116811. PMID: 39978690 -
J Ethnopharmacol
Shentong Zhuyu Decoction mitigates exercise-induced muscle damage through modulation of AMPK-mediated lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. [Abstract]2026 Feb 28:357:120941. PMID: 41270908 -
Chem Biol Interact
Mechanisms and targeted prevention of chronic pancreatitis-acinar to ductal metaplasia caused by a low concentration of di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate. [Abstract]2025 Sep 26:111758. PMID: 41016453 -
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Commun Biol
mTOR contributes to endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by promoting eNOS expression and preventing eNOS uncoupling. [Abstract]2022 Jul 22;5(1):726. PMID: 35869262 -
Immunology
PCK2 maintains intestinal homeostasis and prevents colitis by protecting antibody-secreting cells from oxidative stress. [Abstract]2024 Oct;173(2):339-359. PMID: 38934051 -
Int J Mol Sci
2023 May 24;24(11):9176. PMID: 37298128 -
Cell Mol Neurobiol
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Inhibition Promotes Mitophagy via Miro1 Reduction to Rescue Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Protect Dopamine Neurons in Parkinson's Disease. [Abstract]2025 May 29;45(1):53. PMID: 40439946 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Hydrogen alleviates cardiac ferroptosis damage under chronic intermittent hypoxia conditions by targeting Nrf2. [Abstract]2025 Dec 9:169:115974. PMID: 41370977 -
mBio
FABP4-dependent fatty acid oxidation-fueled mitochondrial ROS induces the mobilization of cellular iron and facilitates Trypanosoma cruzi proliferation in murine adipocytes. [Abstract]2025 Oct 8;16(10):e0218025. PMID: 40919813 -
Eur J Pharmacol
MitoQ enhances CYP19A1 expression to stimulate WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway for promoting hair growth in androgenetic alopecia. [Abstract]2024 Dec 15:985:177094. PMID: 39547405 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Nicotinamide mononucleotide attenuates airway epithelial barrier dysfunction via inhibiting SIRT3 SUMOylation in asthma. [Abstract]2024 Jan 25:127:111328. PMID: 38064810 -
Eur J Pharm Sci
Epothilone B inactivation of Sirtuin1 promotes mitochondrial reactive oxygen species to induce dysfunction and ferroptosis of Schwann cells. [Abstract]2023 Feb 1:181:106350. PMID: 36496165 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Mitoquinone ameliorates cigarette smoke-induced airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in mice. [Abstract]2021 Jan;90:107149. PMID: 33191175 -
Toxicology
Elevated intracellular Ca2+ functions downstream of mitodysfunction to induce Wallerian-like degeneration and necroptosis in organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy. [Abstract]2024 May:504:153812. PMID: 38653376 -
Toxicology
PM2.5 induces mitochondrial dysfunction via AHR-mediated cyp1a1 overexpression during zebrafish heart development. [Abstract]2023 Mar 15:487:153466. PMID: 36841371 -
Antimicrob Agents Chemother
α-Mangostin Exhibits a Therapeutic Effect on Spinal Cystic Echinococcosis by Affecting Glutamine Metabolism. [Abstract]2023 Jun 15;67(6):e0009823. PMID: 37140388 -
J Dairy Sci
Sirtuin 3 mitigates oxidative-stress-induced apoptosis in bovine mammary epithelial cells. [Abstract]2023 Oct;106(10):7266-7280. PMID: 37730176 -
Exp Gerontol
Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced necroptosis promotes cochlear inflammation: Implications for age-related hearing loss. [Abstract]2024 May:189:112401. PMID: 38490286 -
J Cell Mol Med
QiDongNing induces lung cancer cell apoptosis via triggering P53/DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission. [Abstract]2024 May;28(9):e18353. PMID: 38682742 -
Mediators Inflamm
Micheliolide Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation by Modulating the mROS/NF- κ B/NLRP3 Axis in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells. [Abstract]2020 Aug 17;2020:3934769. PMID: 32879619 -
iScience
Ex vivo removal of pro-fibrotic collagen and rescue of metabolic function in human ovarian fibrosis. [Abstract]2025 Feb 13;28(3):112020. PMID: 40104066 -
J Inflamm Res
Antioxidant Mitoquinone Alleviates Chronic Pancreatitis via Anti-Fibrotic and Antioxidant Effects. [Abstract]2022 Aug 3:15:4409-4420. PMID: 35945990 -
Pestic Biochem Physiol
Polystyrene-microplastics and Emamectin Benzoate co-exposure induced lipid remodeling by suppressing PPARα signals to drive ACSL4-dependent ferroptosis and carp splenic injury. [Abstract]2025 May:210:106396. PMID: 40262874 -
Sci Rep
Gnetum montanum extract attenuates lipopolysaccharide induced acute lung inflammation through Nrf2 and heme oxygenase 1 mediated redox modulation in macrophages. [Abstract]2026 Apr 24;16(1):18995. PMID: 42031984 -
Sci Rep
High glucose- or AGE-induced oxidative stress inhibits hippocampal neuronal mitophagy through the Keap1-Nrf2-PHB2 pathway in diabetic encephalopathy. [Abstract]2024 Oct 14;14(1):24044. PMID: 39402106 -
Sci Rep
Endurance exercise-induced histone methylation modification involved in skeletal muscle fiber type transition and mitochondrial biogenesis. [Abstract]2024 Sep 10;14(1):21154. PMID: 39256490 -
Neurotoxicology
Cobalt Nanoparticles Induce Mitochondrial Damage and β-amyloid Toxicity via the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species. [Abstract]2023 Mar:95:155-163. PMID: 36716931 -
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res
SYK overexpression enhances microtubule instability in an MDA-MB-231-derived paclitaxel-resistant cell line. [Abstract]2025 Dec;1872(8):120059. PMID: 40930321 -
Exp Cell Res
Caffeic acid attenuates irradiation-induced hematopoietic stem cell apoptosis through inhibiting mitochondrial damage. [Abstract]2021 Dec 15;409(2):112934. PMID: 34801561 -
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol
Mitoquinone protects against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in an FSP1-dependent and GPX4-independent manner. [Abstract]2023 Apr 15:465:116452. PMID: 36894071
Mitoquinone mesylate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2023 Apr 15:465:116452. [Abstract]
Mitoquinone mesylate (MitoQ; 4 mg/kg; i.p.; pretreated for 1 h) alleviates APAP (Acetaminophen)-induced hepatic necrosis in mice.
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Anim Reprod Sci
Mitoquinone mesylate promotes oocyte maturation and subsequent embryonic development by regulating oxidative stress in Tibetan sheep. [Abstract]2025 May 14:278:107856. PMID: 40424944 -
J Diabetes Investig
PLAGL1 overexpression exacerbates type 1 diabetes by inducing β-cell apoptosis via oxidative stress-dependent dual DNA damage and cGAS/STING pathway activation. [Abstract]2025 Nov 25. PMID: 41292300 -
Nucl Med Biol
[18F]BCPP-EF positron emission tomography of rat ovaries for evaluation of mitochondrial function. [Abstract]2025 Jan 22:142-143:108996. PMID: 39862603 -
Am J Cancer Res
Artesunate induces ER-derived-ROS-mediated cell death by disrupting labile iron pool and iron redistribution in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. [Abstract]2021 Mar 1;11(3):691-711. PMID: 33791148 -
J Mol Neurosci
Effects of the Glucocorticoid-Mediated Mitochondrial Translocation of Glucocorticoid Receptors on Oxidative Stress and Pyroptosis in BV-2 Microglia. [Abstract]2024 Mar 13;74(1):30. PMID: 38478195 -
Toxicol In Vitro
MitoQ alleviates triptolide-induced cardiotoxicity via activation of p62/Nrf2 axis in H9c2 cells. [Abstract]2023 Feb:86:105487. PMID: 36272531
Mitoquinone mesylate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Toxicol In Vitro. 2023 Feb:86:105487. [Abstract]
Mitoquinone mesylate activates p62-Nrf2 signaling pathway in TP-treated H9c2 cells. H9c2 cells pretreates with 500 nM Mitoquinone mesylate for 4 h are exposed to 80 nM TP for 24 h.
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Toxicol In Vitro
Mitochondria oxidative stress mediated nicotine-promoted activation of pancreatic stellate cells by regulating mitochondrial dynamics. [Abstract]2022 Oct:84:105436. PMID: 35842057 -
Ultrasound Med Biol
Sonocavitation-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction via ROS-Mediated Apoptosis for Paclitaxel-Resistant Ovarian Cancer Therapy. [Abstract]2026 Apr;52(4):805-815. PMID: 41530022 -
PLoS One
2021 Jan 12;16(1):e0245155. PMID: 33434211 -
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
Effects of intracellular iron overload on cell death and identification of potent cell death inhibitors. [Abstract]2018 Sep 3;503(1):297-303. PMID: 29890135 -
Toxicol Res (Camb)
MitoQ alleviates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice through regulating JNK/YAP pathway. [Abstract]2022 Sep 8;11(5):852-862. PMID: 36337246 -
J Equine Vet Sci
2024 Aug 14:105168. PMID: 39151811 -
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bioRxiv
Disrupted tRNA modification leads to intestinal mitochondrial dysfunction and microbial dysbiosis. [Abstract]2025 Dec 1:2025.11.27.690007. PMID: 41377497 -
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Oxid Med Cell Longev
Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant Mitoquinone Maintains Mitochondrial Homeostasis through the Sirt3-Dependent Pathway to Mitigate Oxidative Damage Caused by Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion. [Abstract]2022 Sep 20;2022:2213503. PMID: 36193071 -
Oxid Med Cell Longev
2022 Jun 1:2022:4290922. PMID: 35693704 -
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Oxid Med Cell Longev
Programmed NP Cell Death Induced by Mitochondrial ROS in a One-Strike Loading Disc Degeneration Organ Culture Model. [Abstract]2021 Aug 31;2021:5608133. PMID: 34512867 -
Oxid Med Cell Longev
Mitoquinone Protects Podocytes from Angiotensin II-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Injury via the Keap1-Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. [Abstract]2021 Aug 13:2021:1394486. PMID: 34426758 -
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Solvent & Solubility
H2O : 100 mg/mL (147.32 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Ethanol : 100 mg/mL (147.32 mM; Need ultrasonic)
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (147.32 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.68 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (3.68 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.5 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 7.69 mg/mL (11.33 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
Protocol
Normal rat kidney proximal tubular cells (NRK-52E) are maintained in six-well 100 or 150-mm, or 150-mm plates in a humidified incubator gassed with 5% CO2 and 95% air at 37°C in DMEM containing 5% fetal calf serum (FCS). Cells are grown to 60% confluence and divided into four treatment groups: 1) untreated (Untx), 2) CS, 3) CS+Mitoquinone (MitoQ), and 4) CS+DecylTPP. Untreated cells remained at 37°C in DMEM containing 5% FCS (group 1). CS is initiated by washing cells with cold PBS twice and storing them in UW/Viaspan solution alone (4 h at 4°C) (group 2), CS+Mitoquinone (1 μM) (group 3), or CS+DecylTPP (1 μM) (group 4). In separate experiments, cells are exposed to CS plus RW by replacing UW solution alone or UW solution containing Mitoquinone or DecylTPP with DMEM containing 5% FCS overnight (18 h at 37°C)[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Mice[2]
Male CD1 mice (30-35 g) or C57BL/6J mice (20-25 g) are used. Seven intraperitoneal injections of a supramaximal dose (50 μg/kg) of Caerulein, a CCK-8 analogue, are given on an hourly basis to induce hyperstimulation acute pancreatitis (CER-AP). Control mice receive equal volumes of PBS injection. In the Mitoquinone treatment groups, Mitoquinone at 10 mg/kg (dose 1) or 25 mg/kg (dose 2) is given at the first and third injections of Caerulein. Similarly, dTPP at 9.6 mg/kg (dose 1) or 24 mg/kg (dose 2) is given for the dTPP treatment group. Mitoquinone and dTPP are at the same molar concentration at doses 1 and 2. Mice are sacrificed at 12 h after the first Caerulein injection to collect samples. Bile acid-induced AP is achieved by retrograde infusion of TLCS into the pancreatic duct (TLCS-AP). After induction of anesthesia, TLCS applied using a mini infusion pump at a speed of 5 μL/min for 10 minutes. Successful infusion of TLCS into pancreas is demonstrated by a diffuse light blue colour (methylene blue) appearing in the pancreatic head. Control mice receive sham surgery without TLCS infusion. In the treatment groups, Mitoquinone (10 mg/kg) or dTPP (9.6 mg/kg) is given at 1 h and 3 h after TLCS infusion. Mice are sacrificed at 24 h after the TLCS infusion or sham surgery.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (278 KB)
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SDS (644 KB)
- English - EN (644 KB)
- Français - FR (644 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (644 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (644 KB)
- Español - ES (644 KB)
- Swedish - SV (644 KB)
- Italian - IT (644 KB)
- Korean - KR (644 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (644 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Mitchell T, et al. The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant mitoquinone protects against cold storage injury of renaltubular cells and rat kidneys. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2011 Mar;336(3):682-92. [Content Brief]
[2]. Huang W, et al. Effects of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant mitoquinone in murine acute pancreatitis. Mediators Inflamm. 2015;2015:901780. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O / Ethanol / DMSO | 1 mM | 1.4732 mL | 7.3658 mL | 14.7317 mL | 36.8292 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.2946 mL | 1.4732 mL | 2.9463 mL | 7.3658 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1473 mL | 0.7366 mL | 1.4732 mL | 3.6829 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.0982 mL | 0.4911 mL | 0.9821 mL | 2.4553 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.0737 mL | 0.3683 mL | 0.7366 mL | 1.8415 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0589 mL | 0.2946 mL | 0.5893 mL | 1.4732 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0491 mL | 0.2455 mL | 0.4911 mL | 1.2276 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0368 mL | 0.1841 mL | 0.3683 mL | 0.9207 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0295 mL | 0.1473 mL | 0.2946 mL | 0.7366 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0246 mL | 0.1228 mL | 0.2455 mL | 0.6138 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0184 mL | 0.0921 mL | 0.1841 mL | 0.4604 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0147 mL | 0.0737 mL | 0.1473 mL | 0.3683 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.