2. Infection

Infection

Infection

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Infection is a pathophysiological process that involves the invasion and colonization of a living organism (host) by disease-causing infectious agents, the reaction of host tissues to these agents and the toxins they produce, and the transmission of infectious agents to other hosts. Common infectious agents include viruses, viroids, prions, bacteria, nematodes, arthropods, and other macroparasites such as tapeworms. Hosts can fight infections using their immune system. Mammals often engage both innate and adaptive immune systems to eliminate infectious agents or inhibit their growth and transmission. When infection occurs, anti-infective drugs can suppress the infection. Several broad types of anti-infective drugs exist, depending on the type of organism targeted; they include antibacterial (antibiotic), antiviral, antifungal and antiparasitic agents.

Cat. No. Product Name CAS No. Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N4294R
    Arjungenin (Standard) 58880-25-4
    Arjungenin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Arjungenin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Arjungenin, a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound, is a FXR agonist. Arjungenin can improve insulin sensitivity by regulating the function of fat cells. Arjungenin exhibits moderate free radical scavenging activity. Arjungenin has growth inhibitory activity against the insect Spilarctia obliqua. Arjungenin has significant antiviral activity against a series of viruses such as chikungunya Virus (CHIKV).
    Arjungenin (Standard)
  • HY-N4314R
    Scutellarein tetramethyl ether (Standard) 1168-42-9
    Scutellarein tetramethyl ether (Standard) is the analytical standard of Scutellarein tetramethyl ether. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Scutellarein tetramethyl ether (4',5,6,7-Tetramethoxyflavone) is a bioactive compound extracted from Eupatorium odoratum. Scutellarein tetramethyl ether exhibits anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, pro-coagulant, and anti-tumor activities. Scutellarein tetramethyl ether exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by modulating the NF-κB pathway and regulates bacterial resistance through the inhibition of efflux pumps. Additionally, Scutellarein tetramethyl ether accelerates coagulation time via the endogenous coagulation pathway. Studies have shown that Scutellarein tetramethyl ether can effectively inhibit the growth of the liver cancer cell line HepG2 (IC50= 20.08 μg/mL).
    Scutellarein tetramethyl ether (Standard)
  • HY-N6015R
    Bacopasaponin C (Standard) 178064-13-6
    Bacopasaponin C (Standard) is the analytical standard of Bacopasaponin C (HY-N6015). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Bacopasaponin C is an orally active natural glycoside. Bacopasaponin C can be isolated from Bacopa monniera. Bacopasaponin C inhibits Verapamil (HY-14275)-stimulated P-gp ATPase activity with an IC50 of 57.83 μg/mL. Bacopasaponin C has antitumor activity against sarcomas. Bacopasaponin C has antiparasitic activity against Leishmania donovani.
    Bacopasaponin C (Standard)
  • HY-N6626R
    Pyraclostrobin (Standard) 175013-18-0 98%
    Pyraclostrobin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pyraclostrobin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pyraclostrobin is a highly effective and broad-spectrum strobilurin fungicide. Pyraclostrobin can induce oxidative DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy through the activation of AMPK/mTOR signaling. Pyraclostrobin can be used to control crop diseases.
    Pyraclostrobin (Standard)
  • HY-N6666R
    Vidarabine monohydrate (Standard) 24356-66-9 98%
    Vidarabine (monohydrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Vidarabine (monohydrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Vidarabine monohydrate is an adenine arabinoside. Vidarabine monohydrate an antiviral agent which is active against herpes simplex viruses (HSV) and varicella zoster viruses[1].
    Vidarabine monohydrate (Standard)
  • HY-N6687A
    Calcimycin hemicalcium salt 59450-89-4 98%
    Calcimycin (A-23187) hemicalcium salt is an antibiotic and a unique divalent cation ionophore (like calcium and magnesium). Calcimycin hemicalcium salt induces Ca2+-dependent cell death by increasing intracellular calcium concentration. Calcimycin hemicalcium salt inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and some fungi. Calcimycin hemicalcium salt also inhibits the activity of ATPase and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) of mammalian cells. Calcimycin hemicalcium salt induces apoptosis and autophagy.
    Calcimycin hemicalcium salt
  • HY-N6687B
    Calcimycin hemimagnesium 72124-77-7 98%
    Calcimycin (A-23187) hemimagnesium is an antibiotic and a unique divalent cation ionophore (like calcium and magnesium). Calcimycin hemimagnesium induces Ca2+-dependent cell death by increasing intracellular calcium concentration. Calcimycin hemimagnesium inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and some fungi. Calcimycin hemimagnesium also inhibits the activity of ATPase and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) of mammalian cells. Calcimycin hemimagnesium induces apoptosis and autophagy.
    Calcimycin hemimagnesium
  • HY-N6687C
    Calcimycin hemicalcium hemimagnesium 98%
    Calcimycin (A-23187) hemicalcium hemimagnesium is an antibiotic and a unique divalent cation ionophore (like calcium and magnesium). Calcimycin hemicalcium hemimagnesium induces Ca2+-dependent cell death by increasing intracellular calcium concentration. Calcimycin hemicalcium hemimagnesium inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and some fungi. Calcimycin hemicalcium hemimagnesium also inhibits the activity of ATPase and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) of mammalian cells. Calcimycin hemicalcium hemimagnesium induces apoptosis and autophagy.
    Calcimycin hemicalcium hemimagnesium
  • HY-N6702S
    Enniatin A-13C36
    Enniatin A-13C36 is the 13C-labeled Enniatin A (HY-N6702). Enniatin A is a Fusarium mycotoxin. Enniatin A inhibits acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity with an IC50 of 22 μM in an enzyme assay using rat liver microsomes.
    Enniatin A-13C36
  • HY-N6714R
    Alternariol (Standard) 641-38-3
    Alternariol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Alternariol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Alternariol is an orally ingested mycotoxin produced by Alternaria, capable of inhibiting the activity of topoisomerase I and II (topoisomerase I, topoisomerase II). Alternariol has weak estrogenic (Estrogen Receptor/ERR) and androgen/antiandrogen (Androgen Receptor) effects. Alternariol can induce apoptosis, trigger cell cycle arrest, suppress innate immune responses, and exhibit anti-tumor activity. Alternariol has genotoxic, mutagenic, and endocrine-disrupting effects.
    Alternariol (Standard)
  • HY-N6715S
    Tenuazonic acid-13C10 98%
    Tenuazonic acid-13C10 is 13C labeled Tenuazonic acid (HY-N6715). Tenuazonic acid is a nonhost-selective mycotoxin belonging to the tetramic acids family. Tenuazonic acid inhibits protein biosynthesis on ribosomes by suppressing the release of new protein. Tenuazonic acid is acutely toxic, and oral LD50 is set between 81-186 mg/kg in rats and mice. Tenuazonic acid blocks electron transport beyond the primary quinone receptor (QA) by interacting with the D1 protein and is a photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor. In addition, Tenuazonic acid has antiviral effects on measles virus, enterovirus, respiratory virus and so on. Tenuazonic acid has an inhibitory effect on skin cancer.
    Tenuazonic acid-13C10
  • HY-N6719S
    Fumonisin B1-13C34 1217458-62-2 98.5%
    Fumonisin B1-13C34 is the 13C labeled Fumonisin B1 (HY-N6719). Fumonisin B1 is a mycotoxin produced from Fusarium moniliforme. Fumonisin B1 is a potent inhibitor of sphingosine N-acyltransferase (ceramide synthase) and disrupts de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis. Fumonisin B1 is the most abundant and toxic fumonisin.
    Fumonisin B1-13C34
  • HY-N6723S
    Fumonisin B2-13C34 1217481-36-1 98%
    Fumonisin B2-13C34 is the 13C labeled Fumonisin B2 (HY-N6723). Fumonisin B2, a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium moniliforme in various grains, is a potent inhibitor of sphingosine N-acyltransferase (ceramide synthase) and disrupts de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis.
    Fumonisin B2-13C34
  • HY-N6725R
    Sterigmatocystine (Standard) 10048-13-2
    Sterigmatocystine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sterigmatocystine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sterigmatocystine is a precursor of aflatoxins and a mycotoxin produced by common mold strains from Aspergillus versicolor. Sterigmatocystine, a inhibitor of G1 Phase and DNA synthesis, is used to inhibit p21 activity. Sterigmatocystine has teratogenic, and carcinogenic effects in animals.
    Sterigmatocystine (Standard)
  • HY-N6726R
    Fumonisin B3 (Standard) 1422359-85-0
    Fumonisin B3 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Fumonisin B3. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Fumonisin B3 is an orally active fumonisin Mycotoxin. Fumonisin B3 can be isolated from Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium nygamai. Fumonisin B3 induces precancerous lesions, triggers embryonic death of chicken embryos, causes severe hemorrhage in dead chicken embryos. Fumonisin B3 can be used in studies related to hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Fumonisin B3 (Standard)
  • HY-N6726S
    Fumonisin B3-13C34 2819816-90-3 98%
    Fumonisin B3-13C34 is the 13C labeled Fumonisin B3 (HY-N6726). Fumonisin B3 is an orally active fumonisin Mycotoxin. Fumonisin B3 can be isolated from Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium nygamai. Fumonisin B3 induces precancerous lesions, triggers embryonic death of chicken embryos, causes severe hemorrhage in dead chicken embryos. Fumonisin B3 can be used in studies related to hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Fumonisin B3-13C34
  • HY-N6728S
    Helvolic acid-13C33
    Helvolic acid-13C33 (Fumigacin-13C33) is the 13C-labeled Helvolic acid (HY-N6728). Helvolic acid (Fumigacin) is an antibiotic isolated from Xylaria sp, active against the Gram-positive bacteria.
    Helvolic acid-13C33
  • HY-N6739R
    Beauvericin (Standard) 26048-05-5
    Doxycycline (monohydrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Doxycycline (monohydrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Doxycycline monohydrate is an antibiotic and broad-spectrum metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor.
    Beauvericin (Standard)
  • HY-N6741R
    β-Zearalenol (Standard) 71030-11-0
    β-Zearalenol (Standard) is the analytical standard of β-Zearalenol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. β-Zearalenol is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin synthesized by Fusarium species. β-Zearalenol potentially influences transcription and effects gene expression on translational level.
    β-Zearalenol (Standard)
  • HY-N6741S
    β-Zearalenol-13C18
    β-Zearalenol-13C18 is the 13C-labeled β-Zearalenol. β-Zearalenol is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin synthesized by Fusarium species. β-Zearalenol potentially influences transcription and effects gene expression on translational level.
    β-Zearalenol-13C18
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity