2. Infection

Infection

Infection

Related Products

PDF 70.44 MB

Infection is a pathophysiological process that involves the invasion and colonization of a living organism (host) by disease-causing infectious agents, the reaction of host tissues to these agents and the toxins they produce, and the transmission of infectious agents to other hosts. Common infectious agents include viruses, viroids, prions, bacteria, nematodes, arthropods, and other macroparasites such as tapeworms. Hosts can fight infections using their immune system. Mammals often engage both innate and adaptive immune systems to eliminate infectious agents or inhibit their growth and transmission. When infection occurs, anti-infective drugs can suppress the infection. Several broad types of anti-infective drugs exist, depending on the type of organism targeted; they include antibacterial (antibiotic), antiviral, antifungal and antiparasitic agents.

Cat. No. Product Name CAS No. Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N6745S
    Citreoviridin-13C23 98%
    Citreoviridin-13C23 is 13C labeled 2,3-Pentanedione (HY-W012998). 2,3-Pentanedione is a common constituent of synthetic flavorings and is used to impart a butter, strawberry, caramel, fruit, rum, or cheese flavor in beverages, ice cream, candy, baked goods, gelatins, and puddings. 2,3-Pentanedione also occurs naturally as a fermentation product in beer, wine, and yogurt and is releasedduring roasting of coffee beans.
    Citreoviridin-13C23
  • HY-N6746R
    Citrinin (Standard) 518-75-2
    Citrinin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Citrinin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Citrinin (NSC 186) is a mycotoxin that causes food contamination and has different toxic effects. Citrinin is an effective oral anticancer agent. Citrinin has various regulatory effects on mouse immune system, including regulating the number of immune cells, inducing apoptosis and autophagy of immune cells, altering toll-like receptor expression and cytokine production. Citrinin can induce oxidative stress and lead to early apoptosis of oocytes. Low doses of Citrinin have neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in rat cortical neurons. In addition, Citrinin also has antibacterial activity.
    Citrinin (Standard)
  • HY-N6748S
    Roquefortine C-13C22
    Roquefortine C-13C22 is the 13C-labeled Roquefortine C (HY-N6748). Roquefortine C is a mycotoxin that can be isolated from Penicillium species. Roquefortine C is an agonist of P-gp and an inhibitor of P450 3A and P450 1A. Roquefortine C can inhibit Gram-positive bacteria and also has certain neurotoxicity. Additionally, Roquefortine C can exert antitumor activity.
    Roquefortine C-13C22
  • HY-N6771R
    Cyclopiazonic acid (Standard) 18172-33-3
    Ancitabine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ancitabine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 0
    Cyclopiazonic acid (Standard)
  • HY-N6771S
    Cyclopiazonic acid-13C20 2815925-39-2
    Cyclopiazonic acid-13C20 is the 13C-labeled Cyclopiazonic acid (HY-N6771). Cyclopiazonic acid is an endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (ECAs) inhibitor and human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) inhibitor (EC50 value of 4.13 μ M), which can reduce the antagonistic effect of 5-HT receptors in rat thoracic aorta, induce p53 dependent cell apoptosis and reproductive toxicity in mouse testes, and inhibit the biological activation of aflatoxin B.
    Cyclopiazonic acid-13C20
  • HY-N6773R
    Cytochalasin A (Standard) 14110-64-6
    Ketoprofen (lysinate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ketoprofen (lysinate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ketoprofen (RP-19583) lysinate is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Ketoprofen lysinate can inhibit the activity of cyclooxygenase with IC50 values of 2 nM (COX-1) and 26 nM (COX-2). which is potential in the research of inflammation, immunology, and metabolic disease such as obesity.
    Cytochalasin A (Standard)
  • HY-N6777R
    Penicillic acid (Standard) 90-65-3
    Tetracaine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tetracaine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tetracaine hydrochloride (Amethocaine hydrochloride) is a calcium channel protein inhibitor and blocks voltage-sensitive release of Ca2+ from sarcoplasmic reticulum. Tetracaine hydrochloride is mainly used topically in ophthalmology and as an antipruritic.
    Penicillic acid (Standard)
  • HY-N6779S
    Patulin-13C7 1353867-99-8 98%
    Patulin-13C7 (Terinin-13C7) is the 13C labeled Patulin (HY-N6779). Patulin (Terinin) is a mycotoxin produced by fungi including the Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Byssochlamys species, is suspected to be clastogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and cytotoxic. Patulin induces autophagy-dependent apoptosis through lysosomal-mitochondrial axis, and causes DNA damage.
    Patulin-13C7
  • HY-N6787R
    5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil (Standard) 696-04-8 98%
    5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil (Dihydrothymine) (Standard) is the analytical standard of 5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil (HY-N6787). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil is an intermediate breakdown product of Thymine (HY-W010450). 5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil can be used as a marker of DNA damage. 5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil can be used for the research of COVID-19.
    5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil (Standard)
  • HY-N6787S
    5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil-d6 334473-42-6 99%
    5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil (Dihydrothymine)-d6 is the deuterium labeled 5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil (HY-N6787). 5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil is an intermediate breakdown product of Thymine (HY-W010450). 5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil can be used as a marker of DNA damage. 5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil can be used for the research of COVID-19.
    5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil-d6
  • HY-N6798R
    Myriocin (Standard) 35891-70-4
    Myriocin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Myriocin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Myriocin (Thermozymocidin), a fungal metabolite could be isolated from Myriococcum albomyces, Isaria sinclairi and Mycelia sterilia, is a potent inhibitor of serine-palmitoyl-transferase (SPT) and a key enzyme in de novo synthesis of sphingolipids. Myriocin suppresses replication of both the subgenomic HCV-1b replicon and the JFH-1 strain of genotype 2a infectious HCV, with an IC50 of 3.5 μg/mL for inhibiting HCV infection[1][2][3].
    Myriocin (Standard)
  • HY-N6801R
    Nivalenol (Standard) 23282-20-4
    Nivalenol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Nivalenol (HY-N6801). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Nivalenol, a trichothecene mycotoxin that can be produced by Fusarium graminearum, is a fungal metabolite present in agricultural product. Nivalenol modulates apoptotic pathway, cell cycle regulation, Bax, ERK, caspase-3, and poly-ADP-ribose synthase activity in macrophages. Nivalenol inhibits ribosomal peptidyltransferase site, protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, and cell proliferation. Nivalenol induces late-stage apoptotic morphological changes, reduces cellular metabolism, and decreases cell proliferation in erythroleukemia cells. Nivalenol induces lymphocyte apoptosis in murine thymus, spleen, and Peyer's patches. Nivalenol can be used for the research of erythroleukemia.
    Nivalenol (Standard)
  • HY-N6801S
    Nivalenol-13C15 911392-40-0 98%
    Nivalenol-13C15 is the 13C labeled Nivalenol (HY-N6801). Nivalenol, a trichothecene mycotoxin that can be produced by Fusarium graminearum, is a fungal metabolite present in agricultural product. Nivalenol modulates apoptotic pathway, cell cycle regulation, Bax, ERK, caspase-3, and poly-ADP-ribose synthase activity in macrophages. Nivalenol inhibits ribosomal peptidyltransferase site, protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, and cell proliferation. Nivalenol induces late-stage apoptotic morphological changes, reduces cellular metabolism, and decreases cell proliferation in erythroleukemia cells. Nivalenol induces lymphocyte apoptosis in murine thymus, spleen, and Peyer's patches. Nivalenol can be used for the research of erythroleukemia.
    Nivalenol-13C15
  • HY-N6869R
    Dehydroabietic acid (Standard) 1740-19-8
    Dehydroabietic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dehydroabietic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dehydroabietic acid is a diterpene resin acid that can be isolated from Pinus and Picea. Dehydroabietic acid has anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Dehydroabietic acid is a dual PPAR-α/γ agonist and PPAR-γ partial agonist, which can attenuate insulin resistance (IR) and hepatic steatosis induced by HFD-consumption in mice.
    Dehydroabietic acid (Standard)
  • HY-N6908R
    Continentalic acid (Standard) 19889-23-7
    Continentalic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Continentalic acid (HY-N6908). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Continentalic acid is a diterpenoid organic acid. Continentalic acid exhibits multiple activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, antibacterial and antitumor effects. Continentalic acid alleviates oxidative stress, reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine production, inhibits MAPK phosphorylation and neutrophil infiltration, and induces growth inhibition and apoptosis of cancer cells. Continentalic acid can be used in research related to traumatic brain injury, cancer, inflammation and infections.
    Continentalic acid (Standard)
  • HY-N6939R
    Pseudolaric Acid B (Standard) 82508-31-4 98%
    Pseudolaric Acid B (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pseudolaric Acid B. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pseudolaric Acid B is an orally active diterpene acid. Pseudolaric Acid B has anti-fungal, anti-fertility, anti-angiogenesis and anticancer activity, and can induce tumor cell apoptosis and autophagy. In addition, Pseudolaric Acid B can inhibit the secretion of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and has immunosuppressive effect, selectively inhibiting the proliferation of T lymphocytes and the production of IL-2.
    Pseudolaric Acid B (Standard)
  • HY-N6949R
    Juglone (Standard) 481-39-0 98%
    Juglone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Juglone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione) is a yellow dye that can be extracted from Juglans regia. Juglone induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Juglone has antibacterial and antitumor activity .
    Juglone (Standard)
  • HY-N6950R
    Hederacolchiside A1 (Standard) 106577-39-3
    Hederacolchiside A1 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hederacolchiside A1. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hederacolchiside A1, isolated from Pulsatilla chinensis, suppresses proliferation of tumor cells by inducing apoptosis through modulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Hederacolchiside A1 has antischistosomal activity, affecting parasite viability both in vivo and in vitro.
    Hederacolchiside A1 (Standard)
  • HY-N6998A
    6-epi-Paederosidic acid 435278-17-4 98%
    6-epi-Paederosidic acid is a cyclopentanoid monoterpene glycoside found in the aerial parts of Paederia foetida L. 6-epi-Paederosidic acid does not exhibit cytotoxic activity against human tumor cells, hepatoprotective activity against APAP (HY-66005)-induced cellular toxicity, or inhibitory activity against LPS (HY-D1056)-induced nitric oxide production in murine microglia.
    6-epi-Paederosidic acid
  • HY-N7059A
    Lactobionic acid calcium dihydrate 110638-68-1 98%
    Lactobionic acid calcium dihydrate is a biomimetic acid found in Caspian yogurt, chemically composed of gluconic acid bonded to galactose. Lactobionic acid calcium dihydrate has antioxidant, antimicrobial, chelating, stabilizer, acidulant and humectant properties. Lactobionic acid calcium dihydrate can be obtained by electrolytic methods, microbial fermentation or biocatalytic approaches. Lactobionic acid calcium dihydrate can be used in foodstuffs, to produce new functional products and against food-borne pathogens. Lactobionic acid calcium dihydrate inhibits DNA repair and protein synthesis, induction of oxidative stress and inhibition of metabolic pathways against MRSA.
    Lactobionic acid calcium dihydrate
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity