2. シグナル伝達
  3. Autophagy
  4. Autophagy

Autophagy

Autophagy

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Autophagy is a conserved cellular degradation and recycling process in the lysosome. In mammalian cells, there are three primary types of autophagy: microautophagy, macroautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). Microphagy captures cargoes by means of invaginations or protrusions of the lysosomal membrane directly, CMA uses chaperones to identify cargo proteins and then unfolds and transfers them into the lysosomal, while macroautophagy sequesters cargo by autophagosomes-de novo synthesized of double-membrane vesicles-and subsequently transport it to the lysosome.

Macroautophagy is the best studied and it occurs at a low level constitutively and can also be further induced under stress conditions, such as nutrient or energy starvation with a salient feature of autophagy protein degradation. Stress-induced macrophagy plays an important role in protein catabolism with another key protein degradation pathway, the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS).

As the study progressed, autophagy gains its importance under basal, nutrient-rich conditions, and is now recognized as a critical housekeeping pathway in catabolism of diverse cellular constituents, such as protein aggregates (aggrephagy), lipid droplets (lipophagy), iron complex (Ferritinophagy) and carbohydrate. Except for macromolecules, autophagy can also target several organelles and structures, such as mitochondria (mitophagy), peroxisome (pexophagy), endoplasmic reticulum (reticulophagy or ER-phagy), ribosome (ribophagy), spermatozoon-inherited organelles following fertilization (allophagy), secretory granules within pancreatic cells (zymophagy) and intracellular pathogens (xenophagy).

Autophagy and its dysfunction are associated with a variety of human pathologies, including ageing, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, heart disease and metabolic diseases, such as diabetes. Plenty of drugs and natural products are involved in autophagy modulation through multiple signaling pathways. Small molecules that can regulate autophagy seem to have great potential to intervene such diseases in animal models or clinical courses.

製品番号 製品名 製品効果 純度 構造式
  • HY-12053AS
    Vinorelbine-d3 ditartrate Inducer 98.0%
    Vinorelbine-d3 (ditartrate) is the deuterium labeled Vinorelbine ditartrate. Vinorelbine (ditartrate) is an anti-mitotic agent which inhibits the proliferation of Hela cells with IC50 of 1.25 nM.
    Vinorelbine-d<sub>3</sub> ditartrate
  • HY-139546
    Thalidomide-5-propargyne-NH2 hydrochloride Inducer 98.03%
    Thalidomide-5-propargyne-NH2 hydrochloride is the Thalidomide-based cereblon ligand used in the recruitment of CRBN protein. Thalidomide-5-propargyne-NH2 hydrochloride can be connected to the ligand for protein by a linker to form PROTACs.
    Thalidomide-5-propargyne-NH2 hydrochloride
  • HY-N2585
    Isodeoxyelephantopin Inducer 98.04%
    Isodeoxyelephantopin is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Elephantopus scaber. Isodeoxyelephantopin induces ROS generation, suppresses NF-κB activation. Isodeoxyelephantopin also modulates LncRNA expression and exhibit activities against breast cancer.
    Isodeoxyelephantopin
  • HY-B0923R
    Danthron (Standard) Inhibitor
    Danthron (Standard) is the analytical standard of Danthron. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Danthron is a natural product extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Danthron functions in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism by activating AMPK.
    Danthron (Standard)
  • HY-183803
    Autophagy-IN-8 Inhibitor
    Autophagy-IN-8 is an autophagy inhibitor. Autophagy-IN-8 exhibits antiproliferative activity against cancer cells. Autophagy-IN-8 can be used in the research of melanoma and pancreatic cancer.
    Autophagy-IN-8
  • HY-10882S1
    Clotrimazole-d10 Inhibitor
    Clotrimazole-d10 is deuterated labeled Clotrimazole (HY-10882). Clotrimazole is an imidazole derivative, an antifungal compound and is a CYP (cytochrome P450) inhibitor. Clotrimazole has antibacterial activity.
    Clotrimazole-d<sub>10</sub>
  • HY-133485B
    Thalidomide-4-O-C8-NH2 hydrochloride Inducer 99.21%
    Thalidomide-4-O-C8-NH2 hydrochloride is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-4-O-C8-NH2 hydrochloride
  • HY-N11722
    Panduratin A Inducer 99.9%
    Panduratin A is an orally active natural compound with multiple pharmacological activities. By specifically inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, Panduratin A exerts potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in intestinal and vascular inflammation models. Panduratin A exerts a definite protective effect against Colistin (HY-113678)-induced nephrotoxicity by alleviating oxidative stress, improving mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibiting cell apoptosis. Panduratin A activates autophagy via an AMPK-dependent pathway and exhibits anti-tuberculosis activity. Panduratin A exerts antiviral effects by inhibiting the methyltransferase (DNA Methyltransferase) of SARS-CoV-2.
    Panduratin A
  • HY-14595R
    Biochanin A (Standard)
    Biochanin A (Standard) is the analytical standard of Biochanin A. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Biochanin A is a naturally occurring fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, which inhibits FAAH with IC50s of 1.8, 1.4 and 2.4 μM for mouse, rat, and human FAAH, respectively.
    Biochanin A (Standard)
  • HY-B0228S8
    Adenosine-d-2 99.72%
    Adenosine-d-2 is the deuterium labeled Adenosine. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular phys
    Adenosine-d-2
  • HY-P11632
    YLDLAPL Modulator 98.39%
    YLDLAPL is a sleep-enhancing peptide that can be isolated from truffle albumin hydrolysate. YLDLAPL exhibits sleep-promoting effects via regulation of lysosomal autophagy, neurological activity, tyrosine metabolism, and fatty acid elongation.
    YLDLAPL
  • HY-B0151S1
    Pregnenolone-13C2,d2 99.2%
    Pregnenolone-13C2,d2 is the deuterium and 13C labeled Pregnenolone (HY-B0151). Pregnenolone is a powerful neurosteroid, the main precursor of various steroid hormones including steroid ketones. Pregnenolone acts as a signaling-specific inhibitor of cannabinoid CB1 receptor, inhibits the effects of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) that are mediated by the CB1 receptors. Pregnenolone can protect the brain from cannabis intoxication. Pregnenolone is also a TRPM3 channel activator, and also can weakly activate TRPM1 channels.
    Pregnenolone-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub>,d<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-100263
    Metofenazate 98.73%
    Metofenazate is a selective calmodulin inhibitor.
    Metofenazate
  • HY-13683S
    Mifepristone-d3 Inducer
    Mifepristone-d3 is the deuterium labeled Mifepristone. Mifepristone (RU486) is a progesterone receptor (PR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist with IC50s of 0.2 nM and 2.6 nM in in vitro assay.
    Mifepristone-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-W698472
    Hydroxyurea-15N
    Hydroxyurea-15N (Hydroxycarbamide-15N) is the 15N labeled Hydroxyurea (HY-B0313). Hydroxyurea is a cell apoptosis inducer that inhibit DNA synthesis through inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase. Hydroxyurea shows anti-orthopoxvirus activity.
    Hydroxyurea-<sup>15</sup>N
  • HY-W011522R
    Taurolidine (Standard) Inducer
    Taurolidine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Taurolidine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Taurolidine is a potent antimicrobial and anticancer agent. Taurolidine inhibits cell proliferation. Taurolidine induces apoptosis and autophagy. Taurolidine rescues mice from sepsis-associated lethality[1][2].
    Taurolidine (Standard)
  • HY-149576
    Thalidomide-4-O-C14-NH2 hydrochloride Inducer 99.85%
    Thalidomide-4-O-C14-NH2 hydrochloride is the Thalidomide (HY-10984)-based cereblon ligand used in the recruitment of CRBN protein.Thalidomide-4-O-C14-NH2 hydrochloride can be connected to the ligand for protein by a linker to form PROTACs.
    Thalidomide-4-O-C14-NH2 hydrochloride
  • HY-12009S
    Pazopanib-13C,d3 hydrochloride
    Pazopanib-13C,d3 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium and 13C labeled Pazopanib hydrochloride. Pazopanib Hydrochloride (GW786034 Hydrochloride) is a novel multi-target inhibitor of VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, PDGFRβ, c-Kit, FGFR1, and c-Fms with an IC50 of 10, 30, 47, 84, 74, 140 and 146 nM, respectively.
    Pazopanib-<sup>13</sup>C,d<sub>3</sub> hydrochloride
  • HY-N0035R
    Arctigenin (Standard) Inducer
    Arctigenin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Arctigenin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Arctigenin ((-)-Arctigenin), a biologically active lignan, can be used as an antitumor agent. Arctigenin exhibits potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral (influenza A virus) activities. Arctigenin can be used for the research of metabolic disorders, and central nervous system dysfunctions.
    Arctigenin (Standard)
  • HY-138784A
    Thalidomide-PEG5-NH2 hydrochloride Inducer
    Thalidomide-PEG5-NH2 hydrochloride is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-PEG5-NH2 hydrochloride
製品番号 製品名 / Synonyms Application Reactivity
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