I-309/CCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, Fc)

I-309/CCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, Fc) is a cytokine that mediates inflammatory immune responses, viral infections, and tumorigenesis by interacting with the CCR8 chemokine receptor on the cell surface and attracting monocytes, natural killer cells, and immature B-cell nuclear dendritic cells. I-309/CCL1 Protein, Human (HEK293, Fc) is a recombinant human CCL1 (K24-K96) expressed by HEK293 with a -hFc tag at the nitrogen end^[1].

CCL1 is a small glycoprotein belonging to the CC chemokine family with a molecular weight of approximately 15-16 kDa, known as small inducible cytokine I-309 in humans and TCA-3 in mice. CCL1 is secreted by activated monocytes, macrophages, T lymphocytes and endothelial cells and is chemotactic for monocytes but not for neutrophils^[1].    CCL1 can be activated by interaction with the cell surface chemokine receptor CCR8, which induces Ca²⁺ influx, stimulates transient increases in cytoplasmic free calcium concentration in monocytes, and inhibits apoptosis in thymocyte lines via the RAS/MAPK pathway. Among others, CCR8 is constitutively expressed in monocytes, macrophages, Th2 and regulatory T lymphocytes and is the sole receptor for the human CCL1 and for the viral chemokine, vCCL1 (viral macrophage inflammatory protein 1). CCR8 has been shown to be associated with phagocytic macrophages and activated microglia in MS lesions and is directly related to demyelinating activity^[2].     CCL1 is involved in inflammatory processes through leukocyte recruitment and can play a key role in angiogenesis and other viral and neoplastic processes. A number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CCL1 gene have been associated with the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In parallel, CCL1 plays a role in various CNS functions and diseases and may be associated with neuroinflammatory disorders^[3].

CCL1 (1 ng/mL, 3h) stimulates a 14-fold increase in human aortic smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) migration and induces VSMC chemotaxis. Also, it stimulates VSMC secretion of pro - MMP2 and induces MMP-2 mRNA^[4].

Determined by its ability to chemoattract THP-1 cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 32.37 ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 3.089×10⁴ U/mg.

• 
  Determined by its ability to chemoattract THP-1 cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 32.37 ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 3.089×10⁴ U/mg.

Human

HEK293

N-hFc

P22362 (K24-K96)

6346  [NCBI]

Full Length of Mature Protein

KSMQVPFSRCCFSFAEQEIPLRAILCYRNTSSICSNEGLIFKLKRGKEACALDTVGWVQRHRKMLRHCPSKRK

Approximately 38-45 kDa, based on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions, due to the glycosylation.

• 
  ≥ 90%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Solution.

Supplied as a 0.22 μm filtered solution of PBS, pH 7.4.

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

N/A.

Stored at -80°C for 1 year from date of receipt. It is stable at -20°C for 3 months after opening. It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -80°C for extended storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Shipping with dry ice.

• [1]. M D Miller, et al. The human cytokine I-309 is a monocyte chemoattractant. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Apr 1;89(7):2950-4.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. A Zingoni, et al. The chemokine receptor CCR8 is preferentially expressed in Th2 but not Th1 cells. J Immunol. 1998 Jul 15;161(2):547-51.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Gültekin Tamgüney, et al. Autocrine stimulation of rhadinovirus-transformed T cells by the chemokine CCL1/I-309. Oncogene. 2004 Nov 4;23(52):8475-85.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Nasreen S Haque, et al. Chemokine receptor-8 (CCR8) mediates human vascular smooth muscle cell chemotaxis and metalloproteinase-2 secretion. Blood. 2004 Feb 15;103(4):1296-304.  [Content Brief]