Hesperetin
Based on 27 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Hesperetin is a natural flavanone that can be found in citrus, and acts as a potent and orally active broad-spectrum inhibitor against human UGT activity. Hesperetin induces apoptosis via p38 MAPK activation. Hesperetin displays a range of bioactivities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer. Hesperetin is found to induce cell-cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Hesperetin can reduce Bcl-2 and enhance BaxM. Hesperetin induces apoptosis through inhibiting NF-κB receptor.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.12%
- CAS No.: 520-33-2
- Formula: C16H14O6
- Molecular Weight:302.28
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Hesperetin
More- Acta Pharm Sin B. 2021 Jan;11(1):143-155. [Abstract]
- Food Chem. 2025 Dec 30:497:146992. [Abstract]
- Food Chem. 2025 May 31:489:144992. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2026 Mar:352:151224. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2025 May:140:156484. [Abstract]
- Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Oct 24;11(11):2093. [Abstract]
- Phytother Res. 2024 Mar;38(3):1478-1493. [Abstract]
- J Agric Food Chem. 2025 Jun 25;73(25):15561-15578. [Abstract]
- J Agric Food Chem. 2024 Jun 12;72(23):13039-13053. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Med. 2025 May;55(5):77. [Abstract]
- World J Gastroenterol. 2025 Apr 28;31(16):104920. [Abstract]
- Infect Dis Ther. 2021 Mar;10(1):483-494. [Abstract]
- Foods. 2026 Apr 9;15(8):1293. [Abstract]
- Nutrients. 2024 Jul 19;16(14):2343. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2026 Feb 5;27(3):1576. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Sep 7;23(18):10346. [Abstract]
- Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2020 Oct 12;18(1):100. [Abstract]
- Eur J Pharmacol. 2019 Jun 5:852:151-158. [Abstract]
- FASEB J. 2025 Oct 15;39(19):e71083. [Abstract]
- BMC Genomics. 2025 Jul 7;26(1):642. [Abstract]
- Cell Signal. 2020 Jul;71:109606. [Abstract]
- J Diabetes Investig. 2026 Apr;17(4):576-587. [Abstract]
- Ren Fail. 2025 Dec;47(1):2523573. [Abstract]
- PLoS One. 2024 Oct 16;19(10):e0306575. [Abstract]
- Dig Dis Sci. 2022 Oct;67(10):4780-4796. [Abstract]
- Nutr Cancer. 2020;72(3):538-545. [Abstract]
- Lett Drug Des Discov. 2025 Aug 19.
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IF
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WB
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WB
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WB
Biological Activity
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BJ | EC50 |
>10 μM
Compound: 3
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Cytotoxicity against human BJ cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay
Cytotoxicity against human BJ cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay
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[PMID: 20192247] |
| Caco-2 | IC50 |
66.67 μM
Compound: 28
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Cytotoxicity in human Caco2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity in human Caco2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 28793973] |
| CCRF-CEM | EC50 |
>10 μM
Compound: 3
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Cytotoxicity against human CEM cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay
Cytotoxicity against human CEM cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay
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[PMID: 20192247] |
| HCT-116 | GI50 |
36.1 μM
Compound: Hesperetin
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Anticlonogenic activity in human HCT116 cells after 6 days by crystal violet staining based assay
Anticlonogenic activity in human HCT116 cells after 6 days by crystal violet staining based assay
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[PMID: 27840137] |
| HeLa | EC50 |
>10 μM
Compound: 3
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Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay
Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay
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[PMID: 20192247] |
| MCF7 | EC50 |
>10 μM
Compound: 3
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Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay
Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay
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[PMID: 20192247] |
| Monocyte | IC50 |
2.1 μM
Compound: hesperetin
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Inhibition of procoagulant activity in monocyte from human blood assessed as counteraction of IL1-induced tissue factor expression after 18 hrs
Inhibition of procoagulant activity in monocyte from human blood assessed as counteraction of IL1-induced tissue factor expression after 18 hrs
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[PMID: 8882428] |
| Monocyte | IC50 |
2.1 x 10-6 M
Compound: hesperetin
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Inhibition of procoagulant activity in monocyte from human blood assessed as counteraction of IL1-induced tissue factor expression after 18 hrs
Inhibition of procoagulant activity in monocyte from human blood assessed as counteraction of IL1-induced tissue factor expression after 18 hrs
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[PMID: 8882428] |
| PC-3 | IC50 |
40 μM
Compound: Hesperetin
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Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 31398616] |
| PC-3 | IC50 |
90 μM
Compound: Hesperetin
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Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay
Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 31398616] |
| RAW264.7 | IC50 |
48.59 μM
Compound: 1; Hes
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Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production preincubated for 2 hrs followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 24 hrs by Griess method
Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production preincubated for 2 hrs followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 24 hrs by Griess method
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[PMID: 33493826] |
| RAW264.7 | CC50 |
>100 μM
Compound: 16
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Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 33667099] |
| RAW264.7 | IC50 |
31.2 μM
Compound: 16
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Inhibition of LPS induced NO production in mouse RAW264.7 cells measured after 24 hrs by Griess reagent based assay
Inhibition of LPS induced NO production in mouse RAW264.7 cells measured after 24 hrs by Griess reagent based assay
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[PMID: 33667099] |
| RPMI-8226 | EC50 |
>10 μM
Compound: 3
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Cytotoxicity against human RPMI8226 cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay
Cytotoxicity against human RPMI8226 cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay
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[PMID: 20192247] |
| THP-1 | EC50 |
>10 μM
Compound: 3
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Cytotoxicity against human THP1 cells after 72 hrs by erythosin B staining method
Cytotoxicity against human THP1 cells after 72 hrs by erythosin B staining method
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[PMID: 20192247] |
| U-266 | EC50 |
>10 μM
Compound: 3
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Cytotoxicity against human U266 cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay
Cytotoxicity against human U266 cells assessed as viable cells after 72 hrs by calcein AM assay
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[PMID: 20192247] |
| Vero | IC50 |
8.3 μM
Compound: Hesperetin
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Inhibition of SARS coronavirus 3C-like protease cis-cleavage activity transfected in african green monkey Vero cells by luciferase reporter gene assay
Inhibition of SARS coronavirus 3C-like protease cis-cleavage activity transfected in african green monkey Vero cells by luciferase reporter gene assay
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[PMID: 23647823] |
Hesperetin (Compound HET) (100 μM) results in strong or moderate inhibition on 10 tested rhUGT isoforms[2].
Hesperetin (100-800 μM, 24-48 h) significantly reduces the viabilities of U-251 and U-87 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner[4].
Hesperetin (200-400 μM, 24 h) significantly increases the proportion of apoptotic cells in a dose-dependent manner in U-251 cells[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:U-251 cell line
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Concentration:200 and 400 μM
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Resulted in significant accumulation of cell populations at the G2/M phase, with a concomitant decrease of cell populations in G1 phase and a slightly elevated population in S phase.
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Cell Line:U-251 and U-87 cells
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Concentration:100, 200, 400, 600, and 800 μM
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Incubation Time:24 and 48 h
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Result:Significantly reduced the viabilities of U-251 and U-87 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner with IC50s of 468.33 μM and 441.87 μM.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Cd-exposed male albino Wistar rats (180-210 g)[3]
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Dosage:40 mg/kg
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Administration:Oral gavage (p.o.)
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Result:Significantly reversed the activities of AChE to near normal.
Decreased the levels of LPO products in brain.
Significantly increased the levels of antioxidants in brain.
Significantly increased the activities of ATPases enzymes in brain.
Decreased the levels of Bax, cytochrome c, caspase 3 and 9 and increased the levels of Bcl2 markers.
Significantly restores the activities of mitochondrial enzyme complex I, II, III and IV.
Restored the levels of NO and OH-.
Restored the enzyme activities in cererbrum.
Reduced the tail length, tail moment, and tail intensity.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 520-33-2
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 302.28
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Formula C16H14O6
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
O=C1C[C@@H](C2=CC=C(OC)C(O)=C2)OC3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C13
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Publications (27)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Acta Pharm Sin B
Chrysin serves as a novel inhibitor of DGK α/FAK interaction to suppress the malignancy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). [Abstract]2021 Jan;11(1):143-155. PMID: 33532186 -
Food Chem
Effects of sun drying combined with baking processes on the flavor quality of Chongqing Tuocha raw tea. [Abstract]2025 Dec 30:497:146992. PMID: 41285060 -
Food Chem
Flavonoid-mediated metabolic underpinning quality variation in red bud-sport pear mutants. [Abstract]2025 May 31:489:144992. PMID: 40466530 -
Int J Biol Macromol
Reticuline isomerase AKR1B1 with aldo-keto reductase activity and detoxification function from the insect Blaps rhynchopetera. [Abstract]2026 Mar:352:151224. PMID: 41791543 -
Phytomedicine
Fangchinoline suppresses nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression by inhibiting SQLE to regulate the PI3K/AKT pathway dysregulation. [Abstract]2025 May:140:156484. PMID: 40090046 -
Antioxidants (Basel)
Hesperetin, a Promising Dietary Supplement for Preventing the Development of Calcific Aortic Valve Disease. [Abstract]2022 Oct 24;11(11):2093. PMID: 36358465 -
Phytother Res
Hesperetin promotes diabetic wound healing by inhibiting ferroptosis through the activation of SIRT3. [Abstract]2024 Mar;38(3):1478-1493. PMID: 38234096 -
J Agric Food Chem
High-Pressure and Thermal Pasteurization Applied to Smoothies Enhances (Poly)Phenol Bioaccessibility along the Gastrointestinal Tract. [Abstract]2025 Jun 25;73(25):15561-15578. PMID: 40497562 -
J Agric Food Chem
Elevated PINK1/Parkin-Dependent Mitophagy and Boosted Mitochondrial Function Mediate Protection of HepG2 Cells from Excess Palmitic Acid by Hesperetin. [Abstract]2024 Jun 12;72(23):13039-13053. PMID: 38809522 -
Int J Mol Med
Hesperetin induces apoptosis in lung squamous carcinoma cells via G2/M cycle arrest, inhibition of the Notch1 pathway and activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress. [Abstract]2025 May;55(5):77. PMID: 40084686 -
World J Gastroenterol
Interventional effect of hesperetin on N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced exosomal circ008274 in affecting normal cells to promote gastric carcinogenesis. [Abstract]2025 Apr 28;31(16):104920. PMID: 40308800 -
Infect Dis Ther
Computational and Experimental Studies Reveal That Thymoquinone Blocks the Entry of Coronaviruses Into In Vitro Cells. [Abstract]2021 Mar;10(1):483-494. PMID: 33532909 -
Foods
Design of a Plant-Based Smoothie: Exploiting Ingredient Complementarity for a Diversified (Poly)phenolic Profile Quantified by Targeted LC-MS/MS Analysis. [Abstract]2026 Apr 9;15(8):1293. PMID: 42073181 -
Nutrients
Hesperetin Alleviated Experimental Colitis via Regulating Ferroptosis and Gut Microbiota. [Abstract]2024 Jul 19;16(14):2343. PMID: 39064786 -
Int J Mol Sci
Dual Targeting of HIF-1α and DLL4 by Isoxanthohumol Potentiates Immune Checkpoint Blockade. [Abstract]2026 Feb 5;27(3):1576. PMID: 41683994 -
Int J Mol Sci
Hesperetin from Root Extract of Clerodendrum petasites S. Moore Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 Subunit-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome in A549 Lung Cells via Modulation of the Akt/MAPK/AP-1 Pathway. [Abstract]2022 Sep 7;23(18):10346. PMID: 36142258 -
Reprod Biol Endocrinol
Cyclosporin A protects JEG-3 cells against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the p53 and JNK/p38 signaling pathways. [Abstract]2020 Oct 12;18(1):100. PMID: 33046085 -
Eur J Pharmacol
Protective effects of hesperetin on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by targeting MD2. [Abstract]2019 Jun 5:852:151-158. PMID: 30807747 -
FASEB J
Hesperetin Alleviates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Modulating Cellular Senescence and Promoting Impaired Autophagy in a CISD2-Dependent Manner. [Abstract]2025 Oct 15;39(19):e71083. PMID: 41001804 -
BMC Genomics
Mechanism of Myh3 gene regulation of intramuscular fat content in Beijing black pigs via the MAPK signaling pathway. [Abstract]2025 Jul 7;26(1):642. PMID: 40624626 -
Cell Signal
Upregulation of HSP72 attenuates tendon adhesion by regulating fibroblast proliferation and collagen production via blockade of the STAT3 signaling pathway. [Abstract]2020 Jul;71:109606. PMID: 32199935 -
J Diabetes Investig
Mechanisms of hesperetin in alleviating diabetic nephropathy: Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental validation. [Abstract]2026 Apr;17(4):576-587. PMID: 41670033 -
Ren Fail
Hesperetin attenuates ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury by regulating ferroptosis in mice. [Abstract]2025 Dec;47(1):2523573. PMID: 40583332 -
PLoS One
Molecular mechanism of ectopic lipid accumulation induced by methylglyoxal via activation of the NRF2/PI3K/AKT pathway implicates renal lipotoxicity caused by diabetes mellitus. [Abstract]2024 Oct 16;19(10):e0306575. PMID: 39413106 -
Dig Dis Sci
KISS-1, Mediated by Promoter Methylation, Suppresses Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Metastasis via MMP2/9/MAPK Axis. [Abstract]2022 Oct;67(10):4780-4796. PMID: 34993679 -
Nutr Cancer
2020;72(3):538-545. PMID: 31295040
Hesperetin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nutr Cancer. 2020;72(3):538-545. [Abstract]
U-251 cells are cultured with indicated concentration of Hesperetin for 24 h. Then the cells are stained with DAPI and observed under a fluorescence microscope.
Hesperetin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nutr Cancer. 2020;72(3):538-545. [Abstract]
The expression of Bax and Bcl-2 was examined by western blotting. GAPDH was served as a loading control.
Hesperetin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nutr Cancer. 2020;72(3):538-545. [Abstract]
Hesperetin induced G2/M arrest in GBM cell. Cells are treated with vehicle or various doses of hesperetin for 24 h. Whole cell lysates are immunoblotted with indicated antibodies. The protein levels of p21, CDK1, and cyclin B1 are measured by western blotting.
Hesperetin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nutr Cancer. 2020;72(3):538-545. [Abstract]
p38 MAPK activation is involved in Hesperetin-induced apoptosis. The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, JNK, and ERK in U-21 cells treated with hesperetin is analyzed by western blotting.
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Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 125 mg/mL (413.52 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.27 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.27 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 0.5% CMC/saline water
Solubility: 20 mg/mL (66.16 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (279 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Arya A, et al. Bioflavonoid hesperetin overcome bicalutamide induced toxicity by co-delivery in novel SNEDDS formulations: Optimization, in vivo evaluation and uptake mechanism. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2017 Feb 1;71:954-964 [Content Brief]
[2]. Liu D, et al. Inhibitory Effect of Hesperetin and Naringenin on Human UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase Enzymes: Implications for Herb-Drug Interactions. Biol Pharm Bull. 2016;39(12):2052-2059. [Content Brief]
[3]. Shagirtha K, et al. Neuroprotective efficacy of hesperetin against cadmium induced oxidative stress in the brain of rats. Toxicol Ind Health. 2016 Nov 1. pii: 0748233716665301 [Content Brief]
[4]. Li Q, et al. Hesperetin Induces Apoptosis in Human Glioblastoma Cells via p38 MAPK Activation. Nutr Cancer. 2019 Jul 11:1-8. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 3.3082 mL | 16.5410 mL | 33.0819 mL | 82.7048 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.6616 mL | 3.3082 mL | 6.6164 mL | 16.5410 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3308 mL | 1.6541 mL | 3.3082 mL | 8.2705 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2205 mL | 1.1027 mL | 2.2055 mL | 5.5137 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1654 mL | 0.8270 mL | 1.6541 mL | 4.1352 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1323 mL | 0.6616 mL | 1.3233 mL | 3.3082 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1103 mL | 0.5514 mL | 1.1027 mL | 2.7568 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0827 mL | 0.4135 mL | 0.8270 mL | 2.0676 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0662 mL | 0.3308 mL | 0.6616 mL | 1.6541 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0551 mL | 0.2757 mL | 0.5514 mL | 1.3784 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0414 mL | 0.2068 mL | 0.4135 mL | 1.0338 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0331 mL | 0.1654 mL | 0.3308 mL | 0.8270 mL |