2. Immunology/Inflammation Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  3. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Endogenous Metabolite
  4. L-Kynurenine

L-Kynurenine is a metabolite of the amino acid L-tryptophan. L-Kynurenine is an aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

L-Kynurenine Chemical Structure

L-Kynurenine Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 2922-83-0

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10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
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Customer Review

Based on 8 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of L-Kynurenine:

L-Kynurenine Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

    L-Kynurenine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: PLoS Pathog. 2020 Jul 17;16(7):e1008664.  [Abstract]

    MT-1 cells are treated with Kynurenine (10, 50 μM) for 48 h or 4 days , then subjected to analyze the level of cytosolic AHR and nuclear AHR by immunoblot. After 4-days treatment, Kynurenine (10, 50 μM) remarkably induces the expression of CYP1A1 and plus-strand genes in a dose-dependent manner. Both groups efficiently triggered the production of Tax protein, p19 and p24, although the accumulation of gp46 is no apparent.

    • Biological Activity

    • Protocol

    • Purity & Documentation

    • References

    • Customer Review

    Description

    L-Kynurenine is a metabolite of the amino acid L-tryptophan. L-Kynurenine is an aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist.

    IC50 & Target

    Human Endogenous Metabolite

     

    In Vitro

    Kynurenine and its further breakdown products carry out diverse biological functions, including dilating blood vessels during inflammation and regulating the immune response. Some cancers increase kynurenine production, which increases tumor growth. L-kynurenine (Kyn) is an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonist that activates AHR-directed, naive T cell polarization to the anti-inflammatory Treg phenotype. Kynurenine activates AHR signaling at physiological concentrations in H1L7.5c3 cells and acts as an AHR agonist after a 24-hr exposure by inducing the AHR-regulated luciferase gene in H1L7.5c3 mouse hepatocyte cells[1].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    L-Kynurenine Related Antibodies
    In Vivo

    Kynurenine dilates arteries from rats as well as humans via Kv7 channels in the vascular smooth muscle. In rats, this tryptophan metabolite causes hypotension, which is partly counteracted by Kv7 channel inhibition[2].
    L-kynurenine administered 1 h before the hypoxia-ischemia shows a dose-dependent significant neuroprotective effect, with complete protection at a dose of 300 mg/kg. The induction of c-fos immunoreactivity in cerebral cortex is also blocked by this dose of L-kynurenine[3].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
    Molecular Weight

    208.21

    Formula

    C10H12N2O3
    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    White to yellow

    SMILES

    O=C(O)[C@@H](N)CC(C1=CC=CC=C1N)=O
    Structure Classification
    Initial Source
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
    Storage
    Powder -20°C 3 years
    4°C 2 years
    In solvent -80°C 6 months
    -20°C 1 month
    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    H2O : 20 mg/mL (96.06 mM; Need ultrasonic)

    DMSO : 12.5 mg/mL (60.04 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 4.8028 mL 24.0142 mL 48.0284 mL
    5 mM 0.9606 mL 4.8028 mL 9.6057 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    * Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

    • Molarity Calculator

    • Dilution Calculator

    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

    Mass
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    Volume
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    Molecular Weight *

    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

    Concentration (start)

    C1

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    Volume (start)

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    In Vivo:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% Corn Oil

      Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (9.99 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

      Solubility: ≥ 0.83 mg/mL (3.99 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 0.83 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (8.3 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

      Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.

    For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

      Solubility: 7.14 mg/mL (34.29 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C

    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

    mg/kg

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    Dosing volume
    (per animal)

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    Number of animals

    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.85%

    COA (249 KB) HNMR (260 KB) LCMS (97 KB)

    Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
    References
    Cell Assay
    [1]

    Luciferase assays are carried out using the H1L7.5c3 cells. At the indicated times (0.5, 2, 4, 6, 12, 18, 24 h) and concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, 100 μM) of exposures to Kynurenine, cells are removed from incubation and allowed to equilibrate to room temperature for 15min. After equilibration, the medium is removed and the cells are washed twice with at room temperature with DPBS. The cells are lysed with 20 µL/well 1× Passive Lysis Buffer and shaken for 20min at room temperature. Luciferase activity is recorded using an Luminometer Microplate Reader[1].

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
    Animal Administration
    [3]

    Rats[3]

    The effects of increasing doses of L-kynurenine with or without probenecid on concentrations of kynurenic acid in cerebral cortex are examined in 7-day-old rats. Six animals are examined in each group. Animals are treated with L-kynurenine at doses of 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg or kynurenine, 200 mg/kg with probenecid, 50 mg/kg. Animals are killed at 1 h, the brains promptly removed, and the cerebral cortex is dissected and placed in 0.5 mL of chilled 0. 1 M HCl. Kynurenic acid measurements are made by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Protein measurements are made using a fluorometric assay[3].

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    DMSO / H2O 1 mM 4.8028 mL 24.0142 mL 48.0284 mL 120.0711 mL
    5 mM 0.9606 mL 4.8028 mL 9.6057 mL 24.0142 mL
    10 mM 0.4803 mL 2.4014 mL 4.8028 mL 12.0071 mL
    15 mM 0.3202 mL 1.6009 mL 3.2019 mL 8.0047 mL
    20 mM 0.2401 mL 1.2007 mL 2.4014 mL 6.0036 mL
    25 mM 0.1921 mL 0.9606 mL 1.9211 mL 4.8028 mL
    30 mM 0.1601 mL 0.8005 mL 1.6009 mL 4.0024 mL
    40 mM 0.1201 mL 0.6004 mL 1.2007 mL 3.0018 mL
    50 mM 0.0961 mL 0.4803 mL 0.9606 mL 2.4014 mL
    60 mM 0.0800 mL 0.4002 mL 0.8005 mL 2.0012 mL
    H2O 80 mM 0.0600 mL 0.3002 mL 0.6004 mL 1.5009 mL

    * Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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    L-Kynurenine Related Classifications

    Help & FAQs
    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

    Keywords:

    L-Kynurenine2922-83-0Aryl Hydrocarbon ReceptorEndogenous MetaboliteAhRInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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