L-Kynurenine sulfate
Based on 30 publication(s) in Google Scholar
L-Kynurenine sulfate, an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonist that activates AHR-directed, naive T cell polarization to the anti-inflammatory Treg phenotype.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 98.05%
- CAS No.: 16055-80-4
- Formula: C10H14N2O7S
- Molecular Weight:306.29
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Storage:
4°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) L-Kynurenine sulfate
More- Cancer Commun (Lond). 2024 Nov;44(11):1261-1286. [Abstract]
- Cell Mol Immunol. 2026 May;23(5):491-504. [Abstract]
- Cell Host Microbe. 2024 Nov 13;32(11):1927-1943.e9. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2022 Sep 26;13(1):5644. [Abstract]
- ACS Nano. 2020 Dec 22;14(12):17100-17113. [Abstract]
- J Adv Res. 2025 Nov 5:S2090-1232(25)00874-4. [Abstract]
- J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2023 Mar 1;42(1):52. [Abstract]
- Biomaterials. 2021 Aug:275:120970. [Abstract]
- Engineering. 2026 May 20.
- J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2026 Jun;17(3):e70295. [Abstract]
- Soil Environ Health. 2026 Jun 11;4(3):100220.
- Dev Cell. 2024 Dec 16;59(24):3229-3244.e5. [Abstract]
- Cell Chem Biol. 2026 Jan 15;33(1):91-101.e12. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Jun:312:144084. [Abstract]
- J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2026 Mar 17;17(1):50. [Abstract]
- J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2023 Aug 5;14(1):111. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2025 Dec 10;44(12):116673. [Abstract]
- J Funct Biomater. 2024 Dec 9;15(12):372. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 May 27:156:114676. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 Apr 24:153:114489. [Abstract]
- Int J Tryptophan Res. 2026 Apr 17:19:11786469261441903. [Abstract]
- PLoS Pathog. 2020 Jul 17;16(7):e1008664. [Abstract]
- ACS Chem Neurosci. 2025 Jun 18;16(12):2312-2321. [Abstract]
- Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2025 Aug:163:110425. [Abstract]
- J Nutr. 2025 May 5:S0022-3166(25)00277-9. [Abstract]
- Clin Chim Acta. 2025 May 15:572:120246. [Abstract]
- DNA Cell Biol. 2022 Apr;41(4):447-455. [Abstract]
- Oncol Lett. 2024 Oct 24;29(1):26. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2025 Jan 29:2025.01.27.635146. [Abstract]
- Research Square Preprint. 2023 Oct 11.
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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IF
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Others
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In Vivo Imaging
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WB
All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms
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Biological Activity
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Human Endogenous Metabolite |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 16055-80-4
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 306.29
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Formula C10H14N2O7S
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Color Yellow to brown
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SMILES
O=S(O)(O)=O.O=C(O)[C@@H](N)CC(C1=CC=CC=C1N)=O
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)
Publications (30)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Cancer Commun (Lond)
Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase-positive matrix fibroblasts fuel breast cancer lung metastasis via kynurenine-mediated ferroptosis resistance of metastatic cells and T cell dysfunction. [Abstract]2024 Nov;44(11):1261-1286. PMID: 39221971 -
Cell Mol Immunol
MAIT cell plasticity generates CD4+ MAIT cells that promote HCC progression via metabolic crosstalk with tumor cells. [Abstract]2026 May;23(5):491-504. PMID: 41974917 -
Cell Host Microbe
Microbiota-induced alteration of kynurenine metabolism in macrophages drives formation of creeping fat in Crohn's disease. [Abstract]2024 Nov 13;32(11):1927-1943.e9. PMID: 39541945
L-Kynurenine sulfate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Host Microbe. 2024 Nov 13;32(11):1927-1943.e9. [Abstract]
After antibiotic treatment, Ahrflox/floxAdipoq-Cre mice and Ahrflox/flox mice are gavaged with L-kynurenine (5 mg/mL; p.o.; three times a week for 8 weeks), A. pulmonis (109 CFU/mouse/dose) or PBS control three times a week for 8 weeks. Meanwhile, mice are challenged by four cycles of 1.5% DSS.
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Nat Commun
USP14 promotes tryptophan metabolism and immune suppression by stabilizing IDO1 in colorectal cancer. [Abstract]2022 Sep 26;13(1):5644. PMID: 36163134 -
ACS Nano
2020 Dec 22;14(12):17100-17113. PMID: 33236625 -
J Adv Res
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor inhibits antigen presentation to promote progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. [Abstract]2025 Nov 5:S2090-1232(25)00874-4. PMID: 41203070 -
J Exp Clin Cancer Res
L-kynurenine induces NK cell loss in gastric cancer microenvironment via promoting ferroptosis. [Abstract]2023 Mar 1;42(1):52. PMID: 36855135
L-Kynurenine sulfate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2023 Mar 1;42(1):52. [Abstract]
L-kynurenine (0-200 μM; 24-48 h). The proportion of FVD+ NK-92 cells when treated with gradient concentrations of L-KYN (L-kynurenine) for 24 or 48 h.
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Biomaterials
2021 Aug:275:120970. PMID: 34146889 -
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J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle
Cancer IDO1-Mediated Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolic Reprogramming to Drive Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Cachexia Acceleration. [Abstract]2026 Jun;17(3):e70295. PMID: 42028912 -
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Dev Cell
MCTP controls nucleocytoplasmic partitioning of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORs during lateral root development. [Abstract]2024 Dec 16;59(24):3229-3244.e5. PMID: 39423818 -
Cell Chem Biol
Identification of aryl hydrocarbon receptor as a functional target that enhances astrocytic ApoE secretion. [Abstract]2026 Jan 15;33(1):91-101.e12. PMID: 41483807 -
Int J Biol Macromol
Alginate-gelatin hydrogel scaffolds for establishing physiological barriers on a gut-brain-axis microchip. [Abstract]2025 Jun:312:144084. PMID: 40350126 -
J Anim Sci Biotechnol
Kynurenine promotes porcine intestinal epithelial cell proliferation by activating the AHR-MST1-YAP1 axis. [Abstract]2026 Mar 17;17(1):50. PMID: 41845541 -
J Anim Sci Biotechnol
2023 Aug 5;14(1):111. PMID: 37542282 -
Cell Rep
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-induced activation of AIM2 inflammasome is mediated by MOMP and MPT: A vital therapeutic pathway for inflammation. [Abstract]2025 Dec 10;44(12):116673. PMID: 41385364 -
J Funct Biomater
Improving the Anti-Tumor Effect of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Inhibitor CY1-4 by CY1-4 Nano-Skeleton Drug Delivery System. [Abstract]2024 Dec 9;15(12):372. PMID: 39728172 -
Int Immunopharmacol
L-Kynurenine regulates immune response in ICIs-associated myocarditis via JAK/STAT pathway. [Abstract]2025 May 27:156:114676. PMID: 40267722 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Doxorubicin promotes NK cell dysfunction and induces acute liver injury through kynurenine-AhR axis. [Abstract]2025 Apr 24:153:114489. PMID: 40112597 -
Int J Tryptophan Res
Cerebrospinal Fluid, Plasma Tryptophan, Kynurenine, and Kynurenate with Sleep Phenotypes: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis. [Abstract]2026 Apr 17:19:11786469261441903. PMID: 42016613 -
PLoS Pathog
2020 Jul 17;16(7):e1008664. PMID: 32678826
L-Kynurenine sulfate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: PLoS Pathog. 2020 Jul 17;16(7):e1008664. [Abstract]
MT-1 cells are treated with Kynurenine (10, 50 μM) for 48 h or 4 days , then subjected to analyze the level of cytosolic AHR and nuclear AHR by immunoblot. After 4-days treatment, Kynurenine (10, 50 μM) remarkably induces the expression of CYP1A1 and plus-strand genes in a dose-dependent manner. Both groups efficiently triggered the production of Tax protein, p19 and p24, although the accumulation of gp46 is no apparent.
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ACS Chem Neurosci
Tyrosine: A Key Neurotransmitter in Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Treatment for Chronic Restraint Stress-Induced Reduction of Intestinal Innate Lymphoid Cell Type 3 Cells. [Abstract]2025 Jun 18;16(12):2312-2321. PMID: 40468180 -
Fish Shellfish Immunol
Edwardsiella piscicida infection-induced tryptophan-kynurenine metabolic pathway impairs Th17 cells to drive intestinal inflammation in teleost. [Abstract]2025 Aug:163:110425. PMID: 40383498 -
J Nutr
Maternal Tryptophan Supplementation Enhances Sow Reproductive Performance by Influencing Hormones, Tryptophan Metabolism, and Gut Microbiome. [Abstract]2025 May 5:S0022-3166(25)00277-9. PMID: 40334786 -
Clin Chim Acta
Plasma-based untargeted metabolomics reveals potential biomarkers for screening and distinguishing of ovarian tumors. [Abstract]2025 May 15:572:120246. PMID: 40107594 -
DNA Cell Biol
Gastric Cancer Cell-Derived Kynurenines Hyperactive Regulatory T Cells to Promote Chemoresistance via the IL-10/STAT3/BCL2 Signaling Pathway. [Abstract]2022 Apr;41(4):447-455. PMID: 35353612 -
Oncol Lett
SLC7A5 regulates tryptophan uptake and PD‑L1 expression levels via the kynurenine pathway in ovarian cancer. [Abstract]2024 Oct 24;29(1):26. PMID: 39512508
L-Kynurenine sulfate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Oncol Lett. 2024 Oct 24;29(1):26. [Abstract]
Immunofluorescence staining shows increased nuclear staining of AHR after cells are treated with 20 µM Kyn (20 µM; 30 min) compared with control cells. The re-localization of AHR (green) or PD-L1 (green) in SKOV3 cells treated with 20 µM Kyn for 30 min. Nuclei are counterstained with DAPI (blue).
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bioRxiv
Metabolic Adaptations Rewire CD4 T Cells in a Subset-Specific Manner in Human Critical Illness with and without Sepsis. [Abstract]2025 Jan 29:2025.01.27.635146. PMID: 39975258 -
L-Kynurenine sulfate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Research Square Preprint. 2023 Oct 11.
L-Kynurenine (2 mg/mL; feeding water; from the 7th to 13th day of pregnancy). Kyn is used to treat infected IDO–/– pregnant mice. The adverse pregnancy outcomes of IDO –/– infected mice after treatment with exogenous Kyn are significantly improved. Mental status, uterus, developmental status of placentas and fetuses in the infected, IDO –/– infected and IDO –/– infected with Kyn treated groups.
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 50 mg/mL (163.24 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : 4.17 mg/mL (13.61 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (278 KB)
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SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Korean - KR (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O / DMSO | 1 mM | 3.2649 mL | 16.3244 mL | 32.6488 mL | 81.6220 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.6530 mL | 3.2649 mL | 6.5298 mL | 16.3244 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3265 mL | 1.6324 mL | 3.2649 mL | 8.1622 mL | |
| DMSO | 15 mM | 0.2177 mL | 1.0883 mL | 2.1766 mL | 5.4415 mL |
| 20 mM | 0.1632 mL | 0.8162 mL | 1.6324 mL | 4.0811 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1306 mL | 0.6530 mL | 1.3060 mL | 3.2649 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1088 mL | 0.5441 mL | 1.0883 mL | 2.7207 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0816 mL | 0.4081 mL | 0.8162 mL | 2.0405 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0653 mL | 0.3265 mL | 0.6530 mL | 1.6324 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0544 mL | 0.2721 mL | 0.5441 mL | 1.3604 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0408 mL | 0.2041 mL | 0.4081 mL | 1.0203 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0326 mL | 0.1632 mL | 0.3265 mL | 0.8162 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.