Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc.

Shikonin is a major component of a Chinese herbal medicine named zicao. Shikonin is a potent TMEM16A chloride channel inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 6.5 μM. Shikonin is a specific pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) inhibitor and can also inhibit TNF-α and NF-κB pathway. Shikonin decreases exosome secretion through the inhibition of glycolysis. Shikonin inhibits AIM2 inflammasome activation.

Acetylshikonin is an oral active anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-fertility, antibacterial, and neuroprotective agent. Acetylshikonin is a inhibitor of acetylcholinase (AChE) (IC₅₀=34.6 μM) and nonselective cytochrome P450. Acetylshikonin can induce Apoptosis and Autophagy in cancer cells. Acetylshikonin regulates blood glucose, liver fat metabolism, and renal fibrosis, and is used in the study of diabetes, diabetic nephropathy (DN), obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (Isoarnebin I) is a naphthoquinone derivative that can be isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin promotes angiogenesis by inducing eNOS, VEGF and HIF-1α expression through the PI3K-dependent pathway. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin inhibits Notch-1 activation. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin inhibtis tumor cell proliferation, induces tumor cell apoptosis, and inhibits tumor growth.

Beta-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin is a natural product isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon, acts as a potent inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinases (PTK), with IC₅₀s of 0.7μM and 1μM for EGFR and v-Src receptor, respectively. Beta-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin is effective against a wide variety of tumor cell lines, and most efficiently induces cell-death in NCI-H522 and DMS114 cells.

Shikonin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Shikonin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Shikonin is a major component of a Chinese herbal medicine named zicao. Shikonin is a potent TMEM16A chloride channel inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 6.5 μM. Shikonin is a specific pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) inhibitor and can also inhibit TNF-α and NF-κB pathway. Shikonin decreases exosome secretion through the inhibition of glycolysis. Shikonin inhibits AIM2 inflammasome activation.

Arnebia euchroma polysaccharide is a polysaccharide derived from Arnebia euchroma.

9''-Methyl lithospermic acid is a serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) activator. 9''-Methyl lithospermic acid increases the levels of SPT1 and SPT2 in human keratinocytes. 9''-Methyl lithospermic acid maintains epidermal permeability barrier function by promoting SPT expression.

DL-Acetylshikonin is a non-selective, reversible cytochrome P450 inhibitor with IC₅₀ values of 1.4-4.0 μM. DL-Acetylshikonin has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities.

Deoxyshikonofuran is a shikonofuran derivative that can be extracted from the shikonin-producing cell cultures of Lithospermum erythrorhizon. Deoxyshikonofuran can be used for the study of the shikonin biosynthetic pathway.

(2-Methylbutyryl)shikonin is a Anthraquinone product.

Lithospermidin B is a derivative of Shikonin (HY-N0822) and an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M^pro). Lithospermidin B can be used for the research of COVID-19.