Cat. No.: HY-N2181

Acetylshikonin

3 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 3 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Acetylshikonin is an oral active anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-fertility, antibacterial, and neuroprotective agent. Acetylshikonin is a inhibitor of acetylcholinase (AChE) (IC₅₀=34.6 μM) and nonselective cytochrome P450. Acetylshikonin can induce Apoptosis and Autophagy in cancer cells. Acetylshikonin regulates blood glucose, liver fat metabolism, and renal fibrosis, and is used in the study of diabetes, diabetic nephropathy (DN), obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.89%
CAS No.: 24502-78-1
Formula: C₁₈H₁₈O₆
Molecular Weight:330.33

Storage:

4°C, protect from light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Acetylshikonin Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 24502-78-1

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Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (3)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

AChE

All Cytochrome P450 Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
A-375	IC₅₀	1.91 μM Compound: SK-4	Antiproliferative activity against human A-375 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation measured after 3 days by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human A-375 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation measured after 3 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 39129245]
A549	IC₅₀	39 μM Compound: 12	Tested in vitro for inhibitory effect on the growth of human A-549 cancer cell line Tested in vitro for inhibitory effect on the growth of human A-549 cancer cell line	[PMID: 11992780]
Bel-7402	IC₅₀	0.068 μM Compound: 12	Tested in vitro for inhibitory effect on the growth of BEL -7402 cell line Tested in vitro for inhibitory effect on the growth of BEL -7402 cell line	[PMID: 11992780]
BTI-TN-5B1-4	IC₅₀	112.2 μM Compound: 1	Inhibition of human ACAT2 expressed in Hi5 cells Inhibition of human ACAT2 expressed in Hi5 cells	[PMID: 17157006]
BTI-TN-5B1-4	IC₅₀	128.9 μM Compound: 1	Inhibition of human ACAT1 expressed in Hi5 cells Inhibition of human ACAT1 expressed in Hi5 cells	[PMID: 17157006]
Calu-3	CC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: 30	Cytotoxicity against human Calu-3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability Cytotoxicity against human Calu-3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability	[PMID: 36651644]
CCRF-CEM	IC₅₀	1 μM Compound: 2	Cytotoxicity against human CCRF-CEM cells after 72 hrs by XTT assay Cytotoxicity against human CCRF-CEM cells after 72 hrs by XTT assay	[PMID: 22530779]
HCT-116	IC₅₀	0.45 μM Compound: 16	Cytotoxicity against MDR1 Pgp under-expressing human HCT116 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against MDR1 Pgp under-expressing human HCT116 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 17949858]
HCT-116	IC₅₀	3.56 μM Compound: SK-4	Antiproliferative activity against human HCT-116 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation measured after 3 days by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HCT-116 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation measured after 3 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 39129245]
HCT-116	IC₅₀	9 μM Compound: 2	Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells after 72 hrs by XTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells after 72 hrs by XTT assay	[PMID: 22530779]
HeLa	IC₅₀	45 μM Compound: 1	Inhibitory activity against DNA topoisomerase-1 obtained from Hela cells Inhibitory activity against DNA topoisomerase-1 obtained from Hela cells	[PMID: 7699697]
HepG2	IC₅₀	0.38 μM Compound: 16	Cytotoxicity against MDR1 Pgp overexpressing human HepG2 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against MDR1 Pgp overexpressing human HepG2 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 17949858]
HepG2	IC₅₀	6.48 μM Compound: SK-4	Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation measured after 3 days by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation measured after 3 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 39129245]
K562	IC₅₀	29 μM Compound: 12	Tested in vitro for inhibitory effect on the growth of K-562 cell line Tested in vitro for inhibitory effect on the growth of K-562 cell line	[PMID: 11992780]
MCF7	IC₅₀	31 μM Compound: 12	Tested in vitro for inhibitory effect on the growth of MCF-7 cell line Tested in vitro for inhibitory effect on the growth of MCF-7 cell line	[PMID: 11992780]
MDA-MB-231	IC₅₀	11.3 μM Compound: 2	Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 72 hrs by XTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 72 hrs by XTT assay	[PMID: 22530779]
MRC5	IC₅₀	2.6 μM Compound: 2	Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells after 72 hrs by XTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells after 72 hrs by XTT assay	[PMID: 22530779]
RD	CC₅₀	9.4 μM Compound: AS	Cytotoxicity against human RD cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 12 hrs by CCK8 assay Cytotoxicity against human RD cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 12 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 31063370]
SBcl2	IC₅₀	13 μM Compound: 2	Cytotoxicity against human SBcl2 cells after 72 hrs by XTT assay Cytotoxicity against human SBcl2 cells after 72 hrs by XTT assay	[PMID: 22530779]
SGC-7901	IC₅₀	0.29 μM Compound: 12	Tested in vitro for inhibitory effect on the growth of human gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cell line Tested in vitro for inhibitory effect on the growth of human gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cell line	[PMID: 11992780]
U-251	IC₅₀	15.9 μM Compound: 2	Cytotoxicity against human U251 cells after 72 hrs by XTT assay Cytotoxicity against human U251 cells after 72 hrs by XTT assay	[PMID: 22530779]
WM164	IC₅₀	71.5 μM Compound: 2	Cytotoxicity against human WM164 cells after 72 hrs by XTT assay Cytotoxicity against human WM164 cells after 72 hrs by XTT assay	[PMID: 22530779]

In Vitro

Acetylshikonin(1.6-100 μM) inhibits the proliferation of oral cancer cells KB-R5 with IC₅₀ 40 μM^[6].
Acetylshikonin (20-80 μM; 24 h) can induce Apoptosis and (20-80 μM) Autophagy of KB-R5 cells, and block mTOR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in KB-R5 cells^[6].
Acetylshikonin (1-10 μM; 12 h) inhibits H₂O₂ (500 μM; 4 h) H₂O₂- (500 μM; 4 h ) induced Apoptosis of neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and pc12 cells^[8].
Acetylshikonin (0.01-5 μM/L; 2 h) has anti-CoxSackievirus A16 (CVA16) activity in the adsorption/invasion stage with EC₅₀ was 0.04 μmol/L. However, has no effective in the pre-infection, replication and release stages^[2].
Acetylshikonin (0.01-1 μM; 30 min) promotes glucose uptake by skeletal muscle cells L6 through PLC-β3/PKCδ mediation, thereby reducing blood glucose level^[3].
Acetylshikonin (1-5 μg/mL; 48 h) inhibits TGF-β1 (5 ng/mL) induced renal fibrosis in HK2 cells^[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Apoptosis Analysis^[6]

Cell Line:

KB-R5 (oral cancer cell line)
Concentration:

20 μM, 40 μM, 80 μM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Changed the morphology of the nucleus.
Increased apoptosis ratio.

Western Blot Analysis^[6]

Cell Line:

KB-R5 (oral cancer cell line)
Concentration:

20 μM, 40 μM, 80 μM
Incubation Time:
Result:

Increased the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3-II and inhibited the expression of p62. However, had no effect on the expression of LC3-I and Vps34.
Decreased the expression of p-mTOR, p-PI3K and p-AKT in a concentration-dependent manner.

Cell Viability Assay^[2]

Cell Line:

CVA16-induced human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells
Concentration:

0.01-5 μM/L (1:1 mix with CVA16 strain TA271)
Incubation Time:

2 h
Result:

Reduced CVA16-induced cytopathic effect with inhibition rates of 80% at the concentration of 0.08 μmol/L.

Western Blot Analysis^[3]

Cell Line:

L6 (rat skeletal muscle cells)
Concentration:

0.01 μM, 0.1 μM, 1 μM
Incubation Time:

2 h
Result:

Significantly up-regulated phosphorylation of PKCδ.
Up-regulates the expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4).and PLC-β3.

In Vivo

Acetylshikonin (50 mg/kg; Intraperitoneal injection; Three times per week for 6 weeks) significantly inhibited tumor growth in BALB/c nude mice in a concentration-dependent manner^[6].
Acetylshikonin (270-1080 mg/kg; Intragastric administration; Once a day for 30 days) reduces D-galactose-induced (150 mg/kg) cognitive impairment and hippohippoal aging by reducing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation and inhibiting the activation of the p53/p21 signaling pathway in mice^[1].
Acetylshikonin (2 mg/kg; Intramuscular injection; Single dose) inhibits Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) replication in mice^[2].
Acetylshikonin (100 mg/kg; Intragastric administration; Once a day for eight weeks) inhibits renal fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad pathway without affecting blood glucose, thus reducing the damage of renal function in streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice^[5].
Acetylshikonin (10 mk/kg; Intraperitoneal injection; Once a day for three days) reduces alloxouracil- (180 mg/kg; Intraperitoneal injection; Single dose) induced blood glucose level in diabetic mice^[3].
Acetylshikonin (540 mg/kg; Oral administration; Once a day for eight weeks) reduces liver fat accumulation by regulating fat metabolism and liver inflammation in obese C57BL/6J mice, thereby improving obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)^[4].
Acetylshikonin (120-1080 mg/kg; Intragastric administration;) doesn’t affect the ability of pregnancy in Sprague-Dawley rats at low doses (120 mg/kg and 360 mg/kg), but inhibits the ability of pregnancy in Sprague-Dawley rats at high doses (1080 mg/kg) by affecting the secretion of gonadotropin (GTH) and reducing the levels of serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)^[7].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

D-galactose (D-gal)-induced sub-acuteaging mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)^[1]
Dosage:

270 mg/kg, 540 mg/kg, 1080 mg/kg
Administration:

Intragastrical administration (i.g.); Once daily for 30 days. After D-gal treatment (150 mg/kg; Subcutaneous injection (s.c.); Once daily for 30 days)
Result:

Decreased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α.
Decreased the content of MDA and increased the activity of SOD.
Significantly mitigated D-Gal-induced downregulation of SIRT1 in hippocampal neurons.
Significantly inhibited the expression of p53, acetyl-p53, and p21 in mice (all proteins associated with hippocampal aging).

Animal Model:

CAV16-indeced ICR suckling mice model^[2]
Dosage:

2 mg/kg
Administration:

Intramuscular injection (i.m.); Single dose. After CVA16 treatment (10^[5.5] TCID50/g; Intramuscular injection (i.m.); Single dose )
Result:

Delayed death of the mice (6 days post-infection and 7 dpi), and eventually resulted in a survival rate of 50% and 70% for the mice in the treatment and prevention groups, respectively (the death of the control mice began at 4 days after infection and all died at 6 days after infection).

Animal Model:

Obese male C57BL/6J Mice model^[4]
Dosage:

540 mg/kg
Administration:

Oral gavage (P.O.); Once daily for 8 weeks
Result:

Reduced body mass index (BMI) and food efficiency in obese mice by 17.1% and 48.2%, respectively.
Decreased plasma glucose, CHE, AST and ALT levels by 34.1%, 45.5% and 27.2%, respectively.
Significantly inhibited the levels of serum proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β by 49.1%, 41.1% and 45.6%, respectively.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 24502-78-1
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 330.33
Formula C₁₈H₁₈O₆
Color Brown to khaki
SMILES

O=C1C([C@H](OC(C)=O)C/C=C(C)\C)=CC(C2=C1C(O)=CC=C2O)=O
Structure Classification
- Quinones
- Naphthalene Quinones
- Phenols
- Polyphenols
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, protect from light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Publications (3)

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Mol Med Rep

Acetylshikonin induces ferroptosis via the lipid peroxidation pathway in osteosarcoma cells. [Abstract]

2026 Feb;33(2):55. PMID: 41312749
Vet Microbiol

The Chinese medicine monomer Schisandrin C inhibits PRRSV infection by regulating the OGT-PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2026 May:316:110992. PMID: 41865607
J Tradit Chinese Medical Sci

31 July 2022.

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 50 mg/mL (151.36 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

3.0273 mL

15.1364 mL

30.2728 mL

5 mM

0.6055 mL

3.0273 mL

6.0546 mL

10 mM

0.3027 mL

1.5136 mL

3.0273 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.57 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

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Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (295 KB)
SDS (252 KB)
- English - EN (252 KB)
- Français - FR (252 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (252 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (252 KB)
- Español - ES (252 KB)
- Swedish - SV (252 KB)
- Italian - IT (252 KB)
- Korean - KR (252 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (252 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Li Q, et al. Acetylshikonin from Zicao attenuates cognitive impairment and hippocampus senescence in d-galactose-induced aging mouse model via upregulating the expression of SIRT1. Brain Res Bull. 2018 Mar;137:311-318. [Content Brief]

[2]. Liu X, et al. Effects of Acetylshikonin on the Infection and Replication of Coxsackievirus A16 in Vitro and in Vivo. J Nat Prod. 2019 May 24;82(5):1089-1097. [Content Brief]

[3]. Huang W, et al. Acetylshikonin stimulates glucose uptake in L6 myotubes via a PLC-β3/PKCδ-dependent pathway. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019 Apr;112:108588. [Content Brief]

[4]. Su ML, et al. Efficacy of Acetylshikonin in Preventing Obesity and Hepatic Steatosis in db/db Mice. Molecules. 2016 Jul 28;21(8):976. [Content Brief]

[5]. Li Z, et al. Acetylshikonin from Zicao ameliorates renal dysfunction and fibrosis in diabetic mice by inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad pathway. Hum Cell. 2018 Jul;31(3):199-209. [Content Brief]

[6]. Wang P, et al. Acetylshikonin inhibits in vitro and in vivo tumorigenesis in cisplatin-resistant oral cancer cells by inducing autophagy, programmed cell death and targeting m-TOR/PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. J BUON. 2019 Sep-Oct;24(5):2062-2067. Retraction in: J BUON. 2021 Jul-Aug;26(4):1691. PMID: 31786876. [Content Brief]

[7]. He Y, et al. Acetylshikonin from Zicao exerts antifertility effects at high dose in rats by suppressing the secretion of GTH. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2016 Aug 5;476(4):560-565. [Content Brief]

[8]. Wang Y, et al. Acetylshikonin, a Novel AChE Inhibitor, Inhibits Apoptosis via Upregulation of Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression in SH-SY5Y Cells. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:937370. [Content Brief]

[9]. Shon JC, et al. Acetylshikonin is a novel non-selective cytochrome P450 inhibitor. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2017 Dec;38(9):553-556. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	3.0273 mL	15.1364 mL	30.2728 mL	75.6819 mL
	5 mM	0.6055 mL	3.0273 mL	6.0546 mL	15.1364 mL
	10 mM	0.3027 mL	1.5136 mL	3.0273 mL	7.5682 mL
	15 mM	0.2018 mL	1.0091 mL	2.0182 mL	5.0455 mL
	20 mM	0.1514 mL	0.7568 mL	1.5136 mL	3.7841 mL
	25 mM	0.1211 mL	0.6055 mL	1.2109 mL	3.0273 mL
	30 mM	0.1009 mL	0.5045 mL	1.0091 mL	2.5227 mL
	40 mM	0.0757 mL	0.3784 mL	0.7568 mL	1.8920 mL
	50 mM	0.0605 mL	0.3027 mL	0.6055 mL	1.5136 mL
	60 mM	0.0505 mL	0.2523 mL	0.5045 mL	1.2614 mL
	80 mM	0.0378 mL	0.1892 mL	0.3784 mL	0.9460 mL
	100 mM	0.0303 mL	0.1514 mL	0.3027 mL	0.7568 mL

Keywords

Acetylshikonin

3 Cited Publications

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Acetylshikonin

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Acetylshikonin

All Cytochrome P450 Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (3)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Acetylshikonin Related Classifications

HY-N2181 Related Classifications