2. Anti-infection Metabolic Enzyme/Protease PI3K/Akt/mTOR Apoptosis
  3. Bacterial HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase PI3K Apoptosis
  4. Deoxyshikonin

Deoxyshikonin increases the expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-A mRNA in HMVEC-dLy, promotes HIF-1α and HIF-1β subunit interaction and binds to specific DNA sequences targeted by HIF. Deoxyshikonin inhibited colorectal cancer (CRC) through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Deoxyshikonin has proangiogenesis effect and antitumor activity. Deoxyshikonin is an antibacterial agent against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and S. pneumonia (MIC=17 μg/mL).

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

CAS No. : 43043-74-9

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Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
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Customer Review

Based on 3 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Deoxyshikonin Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products
Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
Cell Imaging/Staining
IF
Flow Cytometry
IP

    Deoxyshikonin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2026 Jan 16;45(1):47.  [Abstract]

    Dose-dependent inhibition of cell viability in human CRC SW480 and DLD-1 cells, measured using a CCK-8 assay treated with Deoxyshikonin (DSHK).

    Deoxyshikonin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2026 Jan 16;45(1):47.  [Abstract]

    Colony formation assay for the analysis of the Deoxyshikonin (DSHK) (1, 2, 4 μM)-mediated suppression of cell proliferation in SW480 and DLD-1 cells.

    Deoxyshikonin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2026 Jan 16;45(1):47.  [Abstract]

    EdU fluorescence staining to detect the DNA replication activity after 24 h of Deoxyshikonin (DSHK) (1, 2, 4 μM) exposure.

    Deoxyshikonin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2026 Jan 16;45(1):47.  [Abstract]

    Annexin V-FITC/PI dual-staining flow cytometry to quantify the Deoxyshikonin (DSHK) (1, 2, 4 μM)-induced apoptosis after 24 h of treatment.

    Deoxyshikonin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2026 Jan 16;45(1):47.  [Abstract]

    Endogenous Co-IP analysis of the HSPA8-GEMIN5 interaction intensity in SW480 and DLD-1 cells after treatment with gradient concentrations of Deoxyshikonin (DSHK) (1, 2, 4 μM) (24 h).

    View All HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase Isoform Specific Products:

    View All Isoforms
    HIF-1α HIF

    View All PI3K Isoform Specific Products:

    View All Isoforms
    PI3Kα PI3Kβ PI3Kγ PI3Kδ PI3KC2α PI3KC2β PI3KC2γ Vps34 PI3K PI3KC3 p120γ

    • Biological Activity

    • Purity & Documentation

    • References

    • Customer Review

    Description

    Deoxyshikonin increases the expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-A mRNA in HMVEC-dLy, promotes HIF-1α and HIF-1β subunit interaction and binds to specific DNA sequences targeted by HIF. Deoxyshikonin inhibited colorectal cancer (CRC) through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Deoxyshikonin has proangiogenesis effect and antitumor activity. Deoxyshikonin is an antibacterial agent against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and S. pneumonia (MIC=17 μg/mL)[1][2][3].

    IC50 & Target[1][2][3]

    HIF-1α

     

    HIF-1β

     

    PI3K

     

    Cellular Effect
    Cell Line Type Value Description References
    A-375 IC50
    6.83 μM
    Compound: SK-3
    Antiproliferative activity against human A-375 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation measured after 3 days by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human A-375 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation measured after 3 days by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 39129245]
    AU565 IC50
    0.92 μM
    Compound: 1
    Cytotoxicity against human AU565 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human AU565 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 20405844]
    DU-145 IC50
    1.24 μM
    Compound: 1
    Cytotoxicity against human DU145 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human DU145 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 20405844]
    HCT-116 IC50
    15.46 μM
    Compound: SK-3
    Antiproliferative activity against human HCT-116 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation measured after 3 days by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human HCT-116 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation measured after 3 days by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 39129245]
    HT-29 IC50
    5.12 μM
    Compound: 1
    Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 20405844]
    HeLa IC50
    0.85 μM
    Compound: 1
    Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 20405844]
    Hep 3B2 IC50
    6.02 μM
    Compound: 1
    Cytotoxicity against human Hep3B cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human Hep3B cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 20405844]
    HepG2 IC50
    0.9 μM
    Compound: 1
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 20405844]
    HepG2 IC50
    10.5 μM
    Compound: SK-3
    Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation measured after 3 days by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation measured after 3 days by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 39129245]
    LNCaP IC50
    12.21 μM
    Compound: 1
    Cytotoxicity against human LNCAP cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human LNCAP cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 20405844]
    MCF7 IC50
    0.79 μM
    Compound: 1
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 20405844]
    MDA-MB-231 IC50
    5.08 μM
    Compound: 1
    Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 20405844]
    NIH3T3 IC50
    5.84 μM
    Compound: 1
    Cytotoxicity against mouse 3T3 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against mouse 3T3 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 20405844]
    PC-3 IC50
    4.29 μM
    Compound: 1
    Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 20405844]
    SAOS-2 IC50
    0.85 μM
    Compound: 1
    Cytotoxicity against human Saos2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human Saos2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 20405844]
    SK-BR-3 IC50
    0.69 μM
    Compound: 1
    Cytotoxicity against human SKBR3 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human SKBR3 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 20405844]
    Vero IC50
    0.66 μM
    Compound: 1
    Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 20405844]
    In Vitro

    Deoxyshikonin (6.25-100 μg/mL; 48 h) inhibits the growth of human colonic cancer cells[1].
    Deoxyshikonin (25-100 μg/mL; 24, 48 h) induces early apoptotic cells death[1].
    Deoxyshikonin (25-100 μg/mL; 48 h) leads to a dose-dependent increase in the percentage of cells at G0/G1 phase[1].
    Deoxyshikonin (25-100 μg/mL; 48 h) exerts a decrease of PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt308 and mTOR proteins expression in HT29 and DLD-1 cell lines[1].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Deoxyshikonin Related Antibodies

    Cell Viability Assay[3]

    Cell Line: Caco-2, HCT116, DLD-1 and HT29 cells
    Concentration: 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL
    Incubation Time: 48 h
    Result: At low concentration inhibited the growth of human colonic cancer cells including DLD-1, HCT-116, Caco-2 and HT29 cells.
    Had IC50 values of 31.00  μM at 24 h, while 10.97 μM at 48 h in HT29 cells.

    Apoptosis Analysis[3]

    Cell Line: HT29 cells
    Concentration: 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL
    Incubation Time: 24 or 48 h
    Result: The ratio of early apoptotic cells increased from 1% to 29% in a dose-dependent manner by being treated with 0-50 μg/mL at 48 h.

    Cell Cycle Analysis[3]

    Cell Line: HT29 cells
    Concentration: 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL
    Incubation Time: 48 h
    Result: The percentage of G0/G1 cells increased from approximately 44% to 67% in HT29 cells after treatment with 0-50 μg/mL, accompanied by a significant decrease in the percentage of cells at S and G2/M phases.

    Western Blot Analysis[3]

    Cell Line: HT29 and DLD-1 cell lines
    Concentration: 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL
    Incubation Time: 48 h
    Result: Exerted a decrease of PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt308 and mTOR proteins expression in HT29 and DLD-1 cell lines.
    In Vivo

    Deoxyshikonin (20 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection; every two days for 13 days) markedly suppresses the growth of xenograft tumours on day 5, 9 and 11 with 20 mg/kg[1].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Animal Model: Male BALB/c nude mice of 10-14 g with DLD-1 cells[1]
    Dosage: 20 mg/kg
    Administration: Intraperitoneal injection; every two days for a total of 13 days
    Result: Markedly suppressed the growth of xenograft tumours on day 5, 9 and 11 with 20 mg/kg, while there were no significant changes in body weight of the mice.
    Molecular Weight

    272.30

    Formula

    C16H16O4
    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    Brown to reddish brown

    SMILES

    O=C1C(CC/C=C(C)/C)=CC(C2=C1C(O)=CC=C2O)=O
    Structure Classification
    Initial Source
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
    Storage

    4°C, protect from light

    *In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    DMSO : 33.33 mg/mL (122.40 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 3.6724 mL 18.3621 mL 36.7242 mL
    5 mM 0.7345 mL 3.6724 mL 7.3448 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    • Molarity Calculator

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    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

    Concentration (start)

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    In Vivo:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.18 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

      Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% Corn Oil

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.18 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
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    (per animal)

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    Number of animals

    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Please enter your animal formula composition:
    %
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    % 
    +
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    Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
    The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

    *In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
     If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
    Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.96%

    SDS (393 KB)

    COA (248 KB) HNMR (243 KB) LCMS (109 KB)

    Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    DMSO 1 mM 3.6724 mL 18.3621 mL 36.7242 mL 91.8105 mL
    5 mM 0.7345 mL 3.6724 mL 7.3448 mL 18.3621 mL
    10 mM 0.3672 mL 1.8362 mL 3.6724 mL 9.1811 mL
    15 mM 0.2448 mL 1.2241 mL 2.4483 mL 6.1207 mL
    20 mM 0.1836 mL 0.9181 mL 1.8362 mL 4.5905 mL
    25 mM 0.1469 mL 0.7345 mL 1.4690 mL 3.6724 mL
    30 mM 0.1224 mL 0.6121 mL 1.2241 mL 3.0604 mL
    40 mM 0.0918 mL 0.4591 mL 0.9181 mL 2.2953 mL
    50 mM 0.0734 mL 0.3672 mL 0.7345 mL 1.8362 mL
    60 mM 0.0612 mL 0.3060 mL 0.6121 mL 1.5302 mL
    80 mM 0.0459 mL 0.2295 mL 0.4591 mL 1.1476 mL
    100 mM 0.0367 mL 0.1836 mL 0.3672 mL 0.9181 mL
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    Deoxyshikonin Related Classifications

    Help & FAQs
    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

    Keywords:

    Deoxyshikonin43043-74-9BacterialHIF/HIF Prolyl-HydroxylasePI3KApoptosisHypoxia-inducible factorsHIFsHIF-PHPhosphoinositide 3-kinaseVEGF-CVEGF-AHMVEC-dLyHIF-1αHIF-1βCRCproangiogenesisantitumorantibacterialS. aureusMRSAS. pneumoniaInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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