2. Cancer
  3. Cancer Drug Resistance

Cancer Drug Resistance

Drug resistance in chemotherapy, radiotherapy, molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy is one of the main causes of death due to cancer. Gene mutations, non-genetic and epigenetic mechanisms to evade drug actions can promote the occurrence of drug resistance and treatment failure. Simultaneous resistance to multiple drugs with different chemical structures, different mechanisms of action and different targets is known as multidrug resistance (MDR). MDR can be related to a variety of mechanisms, including overexpression of drug efflux pumps(ABC transporter family), decreased drug uptake, mutation/loss of receptors, altered apoptotic pathway, enhanced DNA repair and drug metabolism(glutathione S-transferase, CYP450).

ABC transporters are membrane protein superfamily that can mediate MDR mechanism in many types of cancer. Some members of this superfamily includes MDR-associated protein-1(MRP1/ABCC1), breast cancer resistant proteins(ABCG2/BRCP) and P-glycoprotein(P-gp/ABCB1/MDR1). Among them, P-gp is the most extensively characterized efflux pump of MDR, and plays an important role in many cancers such as breast cancer, human lung cancer, ovarian cancer, and colorectal cancer.

The design of antitumor drugs that are able to evade or reverse MDR is rapidly evolving in the anti-cancer drug discovery field. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery platforms have been widely studied in cancer treatment, and become optimal carriers to reverse the limitations encountered in the use of traditional drug formulations, by influencing/manipulating ABC transporter-associated drug efflux mechanisms.

Cancer Drug Resistance Related Products (919):

Cat. No. Product Name CAS No. Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-14648
    Dexamethasone 50-02-2 99.86%
    Dexamethasone (Hexadecadrol) is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist, apoptosis inducer, and common disease inducer in experimental animals, constructing models of muscle atrophy, hypertension, and depression. Dexamethasone can inhibit the production of inflammatory miRNA-155 exosomes in macrophages and significantly reduce the expression of inflammatory factors in neutrophils and monocytes. Dexamethasone also has potential for use in COVID-19 research.
    Dexamethasone
  • HY-10999
    Trametinib 871700-17-3 99.47%
    Trametinib (GSK1120212; JTP-74057) is an orally active MEK inhibitor that inhibits MEK1 and MEK2 with IC50s of about 2 nM. Trametinib activates autophagy and induces apoptosis.
    Trametinib
  • HY-15772
    Osimertinib 1421373-65-0 99.96%
    Osimertinib (AZD9291) is a covalent, orally active, irreversible, and mutant-selective EGFR inhibitor with an apparent IC50 of 12 nM against L858R and 1 nM against L858R/T790M, respectively. Osimertinib overcomes T790M-mediated resistance to EGFR inhibitors in lung cancer.
    Osimertinib
  • HY-70002
    Enzalutamide 915087-33-1 99.96%
    Enzalutamide (MDV3100) is an androgen receptor (AR) antagonist with an IC50 of 36 nM in LNCaP prostate cells. Enzalutamide is an autophagy activator.
    Enzalutamide
  • HY-P9907
    Trastuzumab 180288-69-1 99.80%
    Trastuzumab is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody for patients with invasive breast cancers that overexpress HER2. Trastuzumab has the potential for HER2 Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer and HER2 Positive Gastric Cancer research.
    Trastuzumab
  • HY-B0146
    Verteporfin 129497-78-5 99.58%
    Verteporfin (CL 318952) is a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy to eliminate the abnormal blood vessels in the eye associated with conditions such as age-related macular degeneration. Verteporfin is a YAP inhibitor which disrupts YAP-TEAD interactions. Verteporfin induces cell apoptosis. Verteporfinis an autophagy inhibitor that blocks autophagy at an early stage by inhibiting autophagosome formation.
    Verteporfin
  • HY-B0240
    Disulfiram 97-77-8 99.92%
    Disulfiram (Tetraethylthiuram disulfide) is a specific inhibitor of aldehyde-dehydrogenase (ALDH1), used for the treatment of chronic alcoholism by producing an acute sensitivity to alcohol. Disulfiram inhibits gasdermin D (GSDMD) pore formation in liposomes and inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and IL-1β secretion in human and mouse cells. Disulfiram, a copper ion carrier, with Cu2+ increases intracellular ROS levels and induces cuproptosis.
    Disulfiram
  • HY-50895
    Gefitinib 184475-35-2 99.94%
    Gefitinib (ZD1839) is a potent, selective and orally active EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 33 nM. Gefitinib selectively inhibits EGF-stimulated tumor cell growth (IC50 of 54 nM) and that blocks EGF-stimulated EGFR autophosphorylation in tumor cells. Gefitinib also induces autophagy and cell apoptosis, which can be used for cancer related research, such as Lung cancer and breast cancer .
    Gefitinib
  • HY-17565
    Bleomycin sulfate 9041-93-4 99.49%
    Bleomycin sulfate is a DNA synthesis inhibitor. Bleomycin hydrochloride is a DNA damaging agent. Bleomycin sulfate is an antitumor antibiotic.
    Bleomycin sulfate
  • HY-17565A
    Bleomycin hydrochloride 67763-87-5 99.77%
    Bleomycin hydrochloride is a DNA synthesis inhibitor. Bleomycin hydrochloride is a DNA damaging agent. Bleomycin hydrochloride is an antitumor antibiotic.
    Bleomycin hydrochloride
  • HY-13636
    Fulvestrant 129453-61-8 99.95%
    Fulvestrant (ICI 182780) is a pure antiestrogen and a potent estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist with an IC50 of 9.4 nM. Fulvestrant is also a GPR30 agonist. Fulvestrant effectively inhibits the growth of ER-positive MCF-7 cells with an IC50 of 0.29 nM. Fulvestrant also induces autophagy and has antitumor efficacy.
    Fulvestrant
  • HY-13704
    SN-38 86639-52-3 99.89%
    SN-38 is an active metabolite of the Topoisomerase I inhibitor Irinotecan. SN-38 inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis with IC50s of 0.077 and 1.3 μM, respectively.
    SN-38
  • HY-16297A
    Abemaciclib 1231929-97-7 99.96%
    Abemaciclib (LY2835219) is a selective CDK4/6 inhibitor with IC50 values of 2 nM and 10 nM for CDK4 and CDK6, respectively.
    Abemaciclib
  • HY-101103
    HP-β-CD 128446-35-5 99.74%
    HP-β-CD ((2-Hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin) is a widely used drug delivery vehicle to improve the stability and bioavailability.
    HP-β-CD
  • HY-13753
    Streptozotocin 18883-66-4 99.15%
    Streptozotocin (Streptozocin) is an antibiotic widely used in experimental animal models of induced diabetes. Streptozotocin enters B cells via the glucose transporter (GLUT2) and causes the alkylation of DNA ( DNA-methylating ). Streptozotocin can induce the apoptosis of β cells.
    Streptozotocin
  • HY-12057
    Vemurafenib 918504-65-1 99.83%
    Vemurafenib (PLX4032) is a first-in-class, selective, potent inhibitor of B-RAF kinase, with IC50s of 31 and 48 nM for RAFV600E and c-RAF-1, respectively. Vemurafenib induces cell autophagy.
    Vemurafenib
  • HY-10964
    Vadimezan 117570-53-3 99.80%
    Vadimezan (DMXAA; ASA-404), the tumor vascular disrupting agent (tumor-VDA), is a murine agonist of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and also a potent inducer of type I IFNs and other cytokines. Vadimezan has anti-influenza virus H1N1-PR8 activities.
    Vadimezan
  • HY-10455
    Carfilzomib 868540-17-4 99.96%
    Carfilzomib (PR-171) is an irreversible proteasome inhibitor with an IC50 of 5 nM in ANBL-6 and RPMI 8226 cells.
    Carfilzomib
  • HY-50846
    SCH772984 942183-80-4 99.27%
    SCH772984 is a highly selective and ATP-competitive ERK inhibitor, with IC50s of 4 and 1 nM for ERK1 and ERK2, respectively. SCH772984 has antitumor activity in MAPK inhibitor-naïve and MAPK inhibitor-resistant cells containing BRAF or RAS mutations.
    SCH772984
  • HY-15777
    Ribociclib 1211441-98-3 99.98%
    Ribociclib (LEE01) is a highly specific CDK4/6 inhibitor with IC50 values of 10 nM and 39 nM, respectively, and is over 1,000-fold less potent against the cyclin B/CDK1 complex.
    Ribociclib