Pexidartinib
Based on 161 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Pexidartinib (PLX-3397) is a potent, orally active, selective, and ATP-competitive colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R or M-CSFR) and c-Kit inhibitor, with IC50s of 20 and 10 nM, respectively. Pexidartinib (PLX-3397) exhibits 10- to 100-fold selectivity for c-Kit and CSF1R over other related kinases. Pexidartinib (PLX-3397) induces cell apoptosis and has anti-tumor activity. Pexidartinib has limited permeability to the blood-brain barrier, primarily through ABCB1.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.56%
- CAS No.: 1029044-16-3
- Formula: C20H15ClF3N5
- Molecular Weight:417.81
-
Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 1 year , -20°C, 6 months
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Pexidartinib
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- Nature. 2022 Mar;603(7899):138-144. [Abstract]
- Science. 2026 May 21;392(6800):eaeb6999. [Abstract]
- Cancer Cell. 2026 May 21:S1535-6108(26)00220-5.
- Cancer Cell. 2026 Jan 22:S1535-6108(25)00554-9. [Abstract]
- Cancer Cell. 2023 Nov 13;41(11):1911-1926.e8. [Abstract]
- Cancer Cell. 2021 Oct 11;39(10):1361-1374.e9. [Abstract]
- Cell Metab. 2026 Jun 4:S1550-4131(26)00191-9. [Abstract]
- Nat Immunol. 2023 May;24(5):827-840. [Abstract]
- Nat Biomed Eng. 2018 Aug;2(8):578-588. [Abstract]
- Nat Metab. 2024 Aug;6(8):1479-1491. [Abstract]
- Cell Stem Cell. 2025 Apr 9:S1934-5909(25)00099-2. [Abstract]
- Cell Stem Cell. 2025 Jan 2;32(1):86-104.e7. [Abstract]
- Nat Neurosci. 2025 Jul;28(7):1404-1417. [Abstract]
- Circ Res. 2021 Sep 17;129(7):e121-e140. [Abstract]
- ACS Nano. 2024 Jan 30;18(4):3295-3312. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2024 Oct 13;15(1):8837. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2024 Jul 5;15(1):5654. [Abstract]
- Neuron. 2026 Mar 26:S0896-6273(26)00128-5. [Abstract]
- Neuron. 2021 Aug 18;109(16):2573-2589.e9. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2025 Jul;21(7):1523-1543. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Dec 12:e2413451. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Dec 5:e2410360. [Abstract]
- Interdiscip Med. 2025 Feb 24.
- Theranostics. 2020 Jan 1;10(1):74-90. [Abstract]
- Mol Ther. 2025 Nov 12:S1525-0016(25)00871-8. [Abstract]
- Mol Ther. 2025 Nov 12:S1525-0016(25)00872-X. [Abstract]
- Alzheimers Dement. 2026 Jun;22(6):e71579. [Abstract]
- Nat Cardiovasc Res. 2023 Jun;2(6):572-586. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep Med. 2026 Jun 16;7(6):102833. [Abstract]
- J Immunother Cancer. 2025 Jul 15;13(7):e010926. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep Med. 2025 Jun 23:102204. [Abstract]
- J Exp Med. 2023 Mar 6;220(3):e20220857. [Abstract]
- Pharmacol Res. 2023 May:191:106773. [Abstract]
- J Neuroinflammation. 2026 May 26. [Abstract]
- Int J Surg. 2026 Apr.
- J Neuroinflammation. 2025 Aug 1;22(1):197. [Abstract]
- J Neuroinflammation. 2025 Mar 5;22(1):67. [Abstract]
- J Neuroinflammation. 2024 Nov 14;21(1):295. [Abstract]
- J Neuroinflammation. 2024 Oct 21;21(1):270. [Abstract]
- J Neuroinflammation. 2024 Sep 1;21(1):215. [Abstract]
- J Neuroinflammation. 2023 Feb 25;20(1):51. [Abstract]
- Cancer Lett. 2022 Sep 1:543:215795. [Abstract]
- J Neuroinflammation. 2022 Jan 21;19(1):20. [Abstract]
- J Neuroinflammation. 2020 Jan 23;17(1):31. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2025 Dec 10. [Abstract]
- Dev Cell. 2025 Apr 21;60(8):1199-1216.e7. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2025 Nov 29:150:157636. [Abstract]
- EMBO Mol Med. 2024 Dec;16(12):3113-3141. [Abstract]
- BMC Med. 2023 Aug 4;21(1):286. [Abstract]
- Brain Behav Immun. 2025 Dec 3:132:106208. [Abstract]
- Brain Behav Immun. 2023 Jan:107:153-164. [Abstract]
- Diabetes. 2023 Nov 1;72(11):1692-1706. [Abstract]
- Aging Cell. 2025 Sep 19:e70228. [Abstract]
- Neurotherapeutics. 2025 Dec 11:e00818. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2024 Oct 23;43(11):114894. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2023 Sep 22;42(10):113128. [Abstract]
- Neural Regen Res. 2023 Sep;18(9):2067-2074. [Abstract]
- Inflamm Regen. 2024 Jun 6;44(1):30. [Abstract]
- Transl Psychiatry. 2025 Aug 15;15(1):285. [Abstract]
- Transl Psychiatry. 2024 Aug 23;14(1):338. [Abstract]
- Transl Psychiatry. 2020 Jan 27;10(1):32. [Abstract]
- JCI Insight. 2025 Jul 1;10(15):e184465. [Abstract]
- Front Immunol. 2022 May 13;13:866073. [Abstract]
- Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2025 May 19;13(1):105. [Abstract]
- Biochem Pharmacol. 2022 Apr:198:114952. [Abstract]
- J Ethnopharmacol. 2025 Jan 31:340:119287. [Abstract]
- Chem Biol Interact. 2023 Jan 5:369:110255. [Abstract]
- J Am Heart Assoc. 2023 Jun 20;12(12):e029053. [Abstract]
- Cells. 2021 Jul 22;10(8):1862. [Abstract]
- Cells. 2021 Apr 12;10(4):874. [Abstract]
- Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2026 Apr 6;75(5):137. [Abstract]
- Life Sci. 2025 Apr 9:123627. [Abstract]
- Glia. 2022 Nov;70(11):2032-2044. [Abstract]
- Glia. 2021 Jun;69(6):1494-1514. [Abstract]
- Glia. 2021 Apr;69(4):943-953. [Abstract]
- Life Sci. 2020 Oct 1;258:118099. [Abstract]
- CNS Neurosci Ther. 2023 Jun;29 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):146-160. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jun 26;25(13):7001. [Abstract]
- Biomolecules. 2022 May 4;12(5):666. [Abstract]
- Cell Oncol (Dordr). 2021 Feb;44(1):193-204. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2026 Jan 1;168(Pt 1):115828. [Abstract]
- Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2025 Oct 22;23(1):135. [Abstract]
- Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2025 Mar 3;66(3):4. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 Apr 16:152:114428. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 May:118:109976. [Abstract]
- Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2020 Sep 1;319(3):C605-C610. [Abstract]
- Molecules. 2022 Jan 4;27(1):297. [Abstract]
- Neuropharmacology. 2020 Aug 1;172:108132. [Abstract]
- Neuropharmacology. 2019 Jun:151:33-44. [Abstract]
- Transl Stroke Res. 2025 Aug;16(4):1075-1093. [Abstract]
- iScience. 2026 Jan 7;29(2):114638. [Abstract]
- J Neurosci. 2020 May 6;40(19):3862-3879. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2024 Aug 4;14(1):18031. [Abstract]
- Biomedicines. 2022 Jul 9;10(7):1653. [Abstract]
- Biomedicines. 2021 Oct 4;9(10):1387. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2021 Aug 6;11(1):15989. [Abstract]
- Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2020 Jul 13;101:109931. [Abstract]
- Int Dent J. 2025 Jun 2;75(4):100843. [Abstract]
- Eur J Immunol. 2024 Dec;54(12):e2451139. [Abstract]
- Dermatol Ther. 2026 Jun 16.
- J Neurosci Res. 2021 Aug;99(8):1940-1956. [Abstract]
- Endocrinology. 2024 Feb 20;165(4):bqae003. [Abstract]
- J Neurooncol. 2021 Jun;153(2):225-237. [Abstract]
- Mol Pharmacol. 2022 Jun;101(6):381-389. [Abstract]
- Life Sci Alliance. 2023 Aug 7;6(11):e202302020. [Abstract]
- Immunol Lett. 2026 Apr 27:107179. [Abstract]
- J Mol Neurosci. 2025 Aug 2;75(3):97. [Abstract]
- Brain Behav. 2025 Mar;15(3):e70369. [Abstract]
- eNeuro. 2023 Nov 10;10(11):ENEURO.0323-23.2023. [Abstract]
- Brain Res. 2026 Aug 15:1885:150332. [Abstract]
- Anticancer Drugs. 2023 Oct 1;34(9):1035-1045. [Abstract]
- J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2020 Jun;36(5):311-319. [Abstract]
- J Anat. 2023 Sep;243(3):394-403. [Abstract]
- Behav Pharmacol. 2023 Sep 1;34(6):318-329. [Abstract]
- STAR Protoc. 2023 Jul 29;4(3):102490. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2026 Jun 11.
- SSRN. 2026 May 15.
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine. 2026.
- bioRxiv. 2026 Apr 8:2026.04.05.713683. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2026 Apr 21.
- bioRxiv. 2026 Apr 28.
- bioRxiv. 2026 Mar 9.
- SSRN. 2026 Mar 27.
- bioRxiv. 2026 Feb 14.
- bioRxiv. 2026 Jan 24.
- University of Kentucky. 2025.
- bioRxiv. 2025 Nov 24:2025.11.21.689833. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2025 Nov 13:2025.11.12.688147. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2025 Oct 13.
- University of Washington. 2025.
- bioRxiv. 2025 Aug 28.
- bioRxiv. 2025 Jul 17:2025.07.12.664223. [Abstract]
- University of Cambridge. 2025
- bioRxiv. 2025 Jun 7:2025.06.04.657911. [Abstract]
- Res Sq. 2025 Feb 10.
- bioRxiv. 2025 Jan 19:2025.01.19.633810. [Abstract]
- Patent. US20250002920A1.
- bioRxiv. 2024 October 02.
- bioRxiv. 2024 September 21.
- Res Sq. 2024 Sep 03.
- University of Washington. 2024.
- Res Sq. 2024 Nov 19.
- bioRxiv. 2024 Jun 6:2024.06.05.597614. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2024 Apr 14.
- bioRxiv. 2024 Apr 16.
- Research Square Preprint. 2024 Feb 15.
- bioRxiv. 2023 Nov 17:2023.11.16.567274. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2023 Nov 14:2023.11.10.566510. [Abstract]
- The Ohio State University. 2023 Oct.
- bioRxiv. 2023 Oct 12.
- Res Sq. 2023 Sep 12:rs.3.rs-3263412. [Abstract]
- Universität zu Köln. 2023 Sep 26.
- SSRN. 2023 Jun 29.
- Patent. US20230203500A1.
- bioRxiv. 2023 Jul 25.
- Research Square Preprint. 2022 Jul.
- Research Square Print. 2022 Jun.
- Research Square Preprint. 2021 Sep.
- Karolinska Institutet. 2021 Feb.
- Methods Mol Biol. 2018:1711:351-398. [Abstract]
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WB
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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In Vivo Imaging
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IF
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
Biological Activity
IC50: 10 nM (c-Kit), 20 nM (cFMS), 160 nM (FLT3), 350 nM (KDR), 860 nM (LCK), 880 nM (FLT1), 890 nM (NTRK3)[1]
|
Cell Line
|
Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BaF3 | IC50 |
0.17 nM
Compound: 9; PLX3397
|
Antiproliferative activity against mouse BaF3 cells expressing FLT3-D835H
Antiproliferative activity against mouse BaF3 cells expressing FLT3-D835H
|
[PMID: 33719439] |
| BaF3 | IC50 |
0.19 nM
Compound: 9; PLX3397
|
Antiproliferative activity against mouse BaF3 cells expressing FLT3-D835Y
Antiproliferative activity against mouse BaF3 cells expressing FLT3-D835Y
|
[PMID: 33719439] |
| BaF3 | IC50 |
130 nM
Compound: 9; PLX3397
|
Antiproliferative activity against mouse BaF3 cells expressing FLT3-ITD
Antiproliferative activity against mouse BaF3 cells expressing FLT3-ITD
|
[PMID: 33719439] |
| BaF3 | IC50 |
2.5 nM
Compound: 9; PLX3397
|
Antiproliferative activity against mouse BaF3 cells expressing FLT3-D835V
Antiproliferative activity against mouse BaF3 cells expressing FLT3-D835V
|
[PMID: 33719439] |
| BaF3 | IC50 |
4700 nM
Compound: 9; PLX3397
|
Antiproliferative activity against mouse BaF3 cells expressing FLT3-ITD-D835Y
Antiproliferative activity against mouse BaF3 cells expressing FLT3-ITD-D835Y
|
[PMID: 33719439] |
| BaF3 | IC50 |
97 nM
Compound: 9; PLX3397
|
Antiproliferative activity against mouse BaF3 cells expressing FLT3-ITD-F691L
Antiproliferative activity against mouse BaF3 cells expressing FLT3-ITD-F691L
|
[PMID: 33719439] |
| BaF3 | EC50 |
200 nM
Compound: 1
|
Antiproliferative activity against mouse BaF3 cells transfected with human ETV6-CSF1R assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by MTS method
Antiproliferative activity against mouse BaF3 cells transfected with human ETV6-CSF1R assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by MTS method
|
[PMID: 34606263] |
| BaF3 | GI50 |
0.005 μM
Compound: 1; PLX-337
|
Growth inhibition of mouse BaF3 cells transfected with TEL fused CSF1R incubated for 72 hrs by Cell titer-glo assay
Growth inhibition of mouse BaF3 cells transfected with TEL fused CSF1R incubated for 72 hrs by Cell titer-glo assay
|
[PMID: 36179404] |
| BaF3 | GI50 |
0.13 μM
Compound: 1; PLX-337
|
Growth inhibition of mouse BaF3 cells transfected with TEL fused FLT3 incubated for 72 hrs by Cell titer-glo assay
Growth inhibition of mouse BaF3 cells transfected with TEL fused FLT3 incubated for 72 hrs by Cell titer-glo assay
|
[PMID: 36179404] |
| BaF3 | GI50 |
0.43 μM
Compound: 1; PLX-337
|
Growth inhibition of mouse BaF3 cells transfected with TEL fused c-KIT incubated for 72 hrs by Cell titer-glo assay
Growth inhibition of mouse BaF3 cells transfected with TEL fused c-KIT incubated for 72 hrs by Cell titer-glo assay
|
[PMID: 36179404] |
| BaF3 | GI50 |
9.03 μM
Compound: 1; PLX-337
|
Growth inhibition of mouse BaF3 cells incubated for 72 hrs by Cell titer-glo assay
Growth inhibition of mouse BaF3 cells incubated for 72 hrs by Cell titer-glo assay
|
[PMID: 36179404] |
| BaF3 | IC50 |
4.7 μM
Compound: Pexidartinib
|
Antiproliferative activity against mouse BaF3 cells harboring FLT3 D835Y mutant assessed as cell growth inhibition
Antiproliferative activity against mouse BaF3 cells harboring FLT3 D835Y mutant assessed as cell growth inhibition
|
[PMID: 36395392] |
| BaF3 | IC50 |
97 nM
Compound: Pexidartinib
|
Antiproliferative activity against mouse BaF3 cells harboring FLT3 F691L mutant assessed as cell growth inhibition
Antiproliferative activity against mouse BaF3 cells harboring FLT3 F691L mutant assessed as cell growth inhibition
|
[PMID: 36395392] |
| BaF3 | IC50 |
0.06 μM
Compound: PLX3397
|
Antiproliferative activity against BaF3 cells expressing human CSF1R assessed as suppression of cell proliferation incubated for 72 hrs by Cell Titer Glo assay
Antiproliferative activity against BaF3 cells expressing human CSF1R assessed as suppression of cell proliferation incubated for 72 hrs by Cell Titer Glo assay
|
[PMID: 37141705] |
| BaF3 | IC50 |
0.11 nM
Compound: Pexidartinib
|
Antiproliferative activity against mouse BaF3 harbouring CSF1R incubated for 72 hrs by Celltitre-Glo luminescent assay
Antiproliferative activity against mouse BaF3 harbouring CSF1R incubated for 72 hrs by Celltitre-Glo luminescent assay
|
[PMID: 37191268] |
| BaF3 | IC50 |
0.06 μM
Compound: PLX-3397
|
Cytotoxicity against CSF1R-dependent mouse BaF3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by celltiter glo assay
Cytotoxicity against CSF1R-dependent mouse BaF3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by celltiter glo assay
|
[PMID: 38141285] |
| BaF3 | IC50 |
9.9 μM
Compound: PLX-3397
|
Cytotoxicity against IL-3-dependent mouse BaF3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by celltiter glo assay
Cytotoxicity against IL-3-dependent mouse BaF3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by celltiter glo assay
|
[PMID: 38141285] |
| BMDM | IC50 |
>10 μM
Compound: 1
|
Growth inhibition of CSF2-induced mouse BMDM cell assessed as inhibition of M1 like macrophage growth for 3 days by WST-8 assay
Growth inhibition of CSF2-induced mouse BMDM cell assessed as inhibition of M1 like macrophage growth for 3 days by WST-8 assay
|
[PMID: 34606263] |
| BMDM | IC50 |
0.056 μM
Compound: 1
|
Growth inhibition of CSF1-induced mouse BMDM cell assessed as inhibition of M2 like macrophage growth incubated for 3 days by WST-8 assay
Growth inhibition of CSF1-induced mouse BMDM cell assessed as inhibition of M2 like macrophage growth incubated for 3 days by WST-8 assay
|
[PMID: 34606263] |
| Caco-2 | CC50 |
41.53 μM
Compound: PEXIDARTINIB
|
Toxicity against Caco-2 cells determined at 48 hours by intracellular ATP concentration using the CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay
Toxicity against Caco-2 cells determined at 48 hours by intracellular ATP concentration using the CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay
|
10.21203/rs.3.rs-23951/v1 |
| Caco-2 | IC50 |
5.43 μM
Compound: PEXIDARTINIB
|
Determination of IC50 values for inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 induced cytotoxicity of Caco-2 cells after 48 hours by high content imaging
Determination of IC50 values for inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 induced cytotoxicity of Caco-2 cells after 48 hours by high content imaging
|
10.21203/rs.3.rs-23951/v1 |
| MOLM-14 | IC50 |
350 nM
Compound: 9; PLX3397
|
Antiproliferative activity against human MOLM-14 cells
Antiproliferative activity against human MOLM-14 cells
|
[PMID: 33719439] |
| MOLM-14 | IC50 |
670 nM
Compound: 9; PLX3397
|
Antiproliferative activity against human MOLM-14 cells expressing F691L
Antiproliferative activity against human MOLM-14 cells expressing F691L
|
[PMID: 33719439] |
| MOLM-14 | IC50 |
670 nM
Compound: Pexidartinib
|
Antiproliferative activity against human MOLM-14 cells harboring FLT3 F691L mutant assessed as cell growth inhibition
Antiproliferative activity against human MOLM-14 cells harboring FLT3 F691L mutant assessed as cell growth inhibition
|
[PMID: 36395392] |
| MV4-11 | IC50 |
18 nM
Compound: PLX3397
|
Inhibition of FL3 ITD mutant in human MV4-11 cells
Inhibition of FL3 ITD mutant in human MV4-11 cells
|
[PMID: 31614258] |
| MV4-11 | IC50 |
200 nM
Compound: 9; PLX3397
|
Cytotoxicity against human MV4-11 cells
Cytotoxicity against human MV4-11 cells
|
[PMID: 33719439] |
| NFS-60 | EC50 |
294 nM
Compound: 1
|
Antiproliferative activity against mouse NFS-60 cells transfected with human ETV6-CSF1R assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by MTS method
Antiproliferative activity against mouse NFS-60 cells transfected with human ETV6-CSF1R assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by MTS method
|
[PMID: 34606263] |
| NFS-60 | IC50 |
33 nM
Compound: 1
|
Antiproliferative activity against CSF1-treated mouse NFS-60 cells measured after 72 hrs by resazurin method
Antiproliferative activity against CSF1-treated mouse NFS-60 cells measured after 72 hrs by resazurin method
|
[PMID: 35961460] |
| NFS-60 | IC50 |
33 nM
Compound: Pexidartinib
|
Antiproliferative activity against CSF1-treated mouse NFS-60 cells measured after 72 hrs by resazurin method
Antiproliferative activity against CSF1-treated mouse NFS-60 cells measured after 72 hrs by resazurin method
|
[PMID: 35961461] |
| NFS-60 | GI50 |
0.044 μM
Compound: 1; PLX-337
|
Growth inhibition of mouse NFS-60 cells incubated for 72 hrs by Cell titer-glo assay
Growth inhibition of mouse NFS-60 cells incubated for 72 hrs by Cell titer-glo assay
|
[PMID: 36179404] |
| RAW264.7 | CC50 |
20.52 μM
Compound: 1; PLX3397
|
Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 24 hrs by CCK8 assay
Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 24 hrs by CCK8 assay
|
[PMID: 31934767] |
| RAW264.7 | IC50 |
400 nM
Compound: 1; PLX3397
|
Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in LPS-induced TNFalpha release measured after 24 hrs by ELISA
Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in LPS-induced TNFalpha release measured after 24 hrs by ELISA
|
[PMID: 31934767] |
| RAW264.7 | IC50 |
430 nM
Compound: 1; PLX3397
|
Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in LPS-induced IL6 release measured after 24 hrs by ELISA
Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in LPS-induced IL6 release measured after 24 hrs by ELISA
|
[PMID: 31934767] |
| RBL-2H3 | IC50 |
>1000 nM
Compound: PLX-3397
|
Antiallergic activity against anti-DNP-IgE sensitized rat RBL-2H3 cells assessed as induction of degranulation by measuring beta-hexosaminidase release using P-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosamide as substrate measured after 1 hr by microplate reader
Antiallergic activity against anti-DNP-IgE sensitized rat RBL-2H3 cells assessed as induction of degranulation by measuring beta-hexosaminidase release using P-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosamide as substrate measured after 1 hr by microplate reader
|
[PMID: 34476950] |
Pexidartinib (PLX-3397) is a potent, selective and ATP-competitive CSF1R (cFMS) and c-Kit inhibitor, shows 10- to 100-fold selectivity for c-Kit and CSF1R over other related kinases, such as FLT3, KDR (VEGFR2), LCK, FLT1 (VEGFR1) and NTRK3 (TRKC), with IC50s of 160, 350, 860, 880, and 890 nM, respectively[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Pexidartinib (290 ppm in AIN-76A standard chow, 21 days) depletes the microglia cells in brain by 70% in adult male C57BL/6 J mice (20-25 g)[5].
Pexidartinib (600 ppm in chow, 10 days and 30 days ) depletes the microglia cells more than 90% in brain of C57BL/6J mice[6].
Pexidartinib (PLX3397; 0.25, 1 mg/kg, twice daily for 8 days) inhibits the proliferation of microglia and BrdU-positive cells in neonatal mice[2].
Pexidartinib (1 mg/kg, twice daily for 8 day) shows no obvious effect on the cleaved caspase-3-positive cells in mice[2].
Pexidartinib (50 mg/kg; p.o.; every second day for 3 weeks) reduces tissue macrophage levels without affecting glucose homeostasis in mice[4].
Pexidartinib has limited permeability to the blood-brain barrier, primarily through ABCB1[7].
Pexidartinib can mainly penetrate the damaged blood-brain barrier surrounding the tumor, allowing tumor cells to enter the intact blood-brain barrier[8].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Neonatal mice[2]
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Dosage:0.25, 1 mg/kg
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Administration:I.P. twice daily for 8 days
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Result:Decreased the number of microglia and BrdU-positive proliferative cells, but did not change the cleaved caspase-3-positive cells.
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Animal Model:10-week old litter mate C57BL/6 mice (chow and high-fat diet fed mice)[4]
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Dosage:50 mg/kg
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Administration:P.o.; every second day for 3 weeks
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Result:Substantially reduced macrophage numbers in adipose tissue of both chow and high-fat diet fed mice without affecting total myeloid cell levels.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 1029044-16-3
-
Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 417.81
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Formula C20H15ClF3N5
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Color Off-white to light yellow
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SMILES
FC(C1=CC=C(CNC2=NC=C(CC3=CNC4=NC=C(Cl)C=C43)C=C2)C=N1)(F)F
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Synonyms
PLX-3397
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 1 year -20°C 6 months
Publications (161)
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Journal Impact Factor
-
Most Recent
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Nature
2024 Apr;628(8006):145-153. PMID: 38538785 -
Nature
2022 Mar;603(7899):138-144. PMID: 35197636 -
Science
Microglia Rank signaling regulates GnRH neuronal function and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. [Abstract]2026 May 21;392(6800):eaeb6999. PMID: 41818388 -
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Cancer Cell
IGSF11-VISTA is a critical and targetable immune checkpoint axis in diffuse midline glioma. [Abstract]2026 Jan 22:S1535-6108(25)00554-9. PMID: 41576930 -
Cancer Cell
TIM-3 blockade in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma models promotes tumor regression and antitumor immune memory. [Abstract]2023 Nov 13;41(11):1911-1926.e8. PMID: 37802053
Pexidartinib purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Cell. 2023 Nov 13;41(11):1911-1926.e8. [Abstract]
PLX-3397 was administered orally at 50 mg/kg every day beginning on the day before the first antibody administration.
-
Cancer Cell
2021 Oct 11;39(10):1361-1374.e9. PMID: 34478639 -
Cell Metab
2026 Jun 4:S1550-4131(26)00191-9. PMID: 42242219 -
Nat Immunol
MafB-restricted local monocyte proliferation precedes lung interstitial macrophage differentiation. [Abstract]2023 May;24(5):827-840. PMID: 36928411
Pexidartinib purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Immunol. 2023 May;24(5):827-840. [Abstract]
100 mg per kg body weight of pexidartinib was injected i.p. 24 and 48 h after DT injection. Representative histograms of EdU levels in lung extravascular CD64+ cells from DT-treated IMDTR mice that were treated with DT i.p. 3 days before, with the Csf1r antagonist PLX-3397 or with vehicle i.p. 1 and 2 days before, and with EdU i.p. 8 h before.
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Nat Biomed Eng
TLR7/8-agonist-loaded nanoparticles promote the polarization of tumour-associated macrophages to enhance cancer immunotherapy. [Abstract]2018 Aug;2(8):578-588. PMID: 31015631 -
Nat Metab
Microglia mitochondrial complex I deficiency during development induces glial dysfunction and early lethality. [Abstract]2024 Aug;6(8):1479-1491. PMID: 39048800 -
Cell Stem Cell
2025 Apr 9:S1934-5909(25)00099-2. PMID: 40233761 -
Cell Stem Cell
Microglia depletion reduces human neuronal APOE4-related pathologies in a chimeric Alzheimer's disease model. [Abstract]2025 Jan 2;32(1):86-104.e7. PMID: 39500314
Pexidartinib purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Stem Cell. 2025 Jan 2;32(1):86-104.e7. [Abstract]
PLX3397 was incorporated into AIN-76A chow at a concentration of 400 mg/kg. Chimeric mice were fed either a control AIN-76A chow for 8 months, or fed control AIN-76A chow for 4 months and then PLX chow for 4 months. Representative images of microglia (Iba1, red) in the hippocampus of chimeric mice of each condition were shown. Scale bar, 500 μm.
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Nat Neurosci
GABA-dependent microglial elimination of inhibitory synapses underlies neuronal hyperexcitability in epilepsy. [Abstract]2025 Jul;28(7):1404-1417. PMID: 40425792 -
Circ Res
2021 Sep 17;129(7):e121-e140. PMID: 34399581 -
ACS Nano
Tumor-Microenvironment-Activatable Nanoparticle Mediating Immunogene Therapy and M2 Macrophage-Targeted Inhibitor for Synergistic Cancer Immunotherapy. [Abstract]2024 Jan 30;18(4):3295-3312. PMID: 38252684 -
Nat Commun
In vivo imaging in mouse spinal cord reveals that microglia prevent degeneration of injured axons. [Abstract]2024 Oct 13;15(1):8837. PMID: 39397028 -
Nat Commun
CNS-wide repopulation by hematopoietic-derived microglia-like cells corrects progranulin deficiency in mice. [Abstract]2024 Jul 5;15(1):5654. PMID: 38969669 -
Neuron
Microglia-mediated protection against Alzheimer's disease pathology and detrimental effects in white matter revealed by Ptpn6 deletion. [Abstract]2026 Mar 26:S0896-6273(26)00128-5. PMID: 41895269 -
Neuron
Early-life inflammation promotes depressive symptoms in adolescence via microglial engulfment of dendritic spines. [Abstract]2021 Aug 18;109(16):2573-2589.e9. PMID: 34233151 -
Autophagy
Kit-mediated autophagy suppression driven by a viral oncoprotein emerges as a crucial survival mechanism in Merkel cell carcinoma. [Abstract]2025 Jul;21(7):1523-1543. PMID: 40108758
Pexidartinib purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Autophagy. 2025 Jul;21(7):1523-1543. [Abstract]
Pexidartinib hydrochloride (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 20 μM; 24 h) decreased the expression of p-Y719-KIT and increased the expression of cleaved PARP1 in a dose-dependent manner in WaGa cells.
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Adv Sci (Weinh)
Microglia Process α-Synuclein Fibrils and Enhance their Pathogenicity in a TREM2-Dependent Manner. [Abstract]2024 Dec 12:e2413451. PMID: 39665233 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Targeted SPP1 Inhibition of Tumor-Associated Myeloid Cells Effectively Decreases Tumor Sizes. [Abstract]2024 Dec 5:e2410360. PMID: 39639496 -
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Theranostics
Microglia exacerbate white matter injury via complement C3/C3aR pathway after hypoperfusion. [Abstract]2020 Jan 1;10(1):74-90. PMID: 31903107 -
Mol Ther
Microglia replacement by peripheral delivery of CSF1R inhibitor-resistant hematopoietic cells. [Abstract]2025 Nov 12:S1525-0016(25)00871-8. PMID: 41232525 -
Mol Ther
2025 Nov 12:S1525-0016(25)00872-X. PMID: 41232524 -
Alzheimers Dement
2026 Jun;22(6):e71579. PMID: 42252510 -
Nat Cardiovasc Res
Blockade of IL-6 signaling alleviates atherosclerosis in Tet2-deficient clonal hematopoiesis. [Abstract]2023 Jun;2(6):572-586. PMID: 37539077 -
Cell Rep Med
Fungal metabolite-based immunotherapy overcomes tumor-associated macrophage immunosuppression. [Abstract]2026 Jun 16;7(6):102833. PMID: 42173096 -
J Immunother Cancer
Anti-galectin-9 therapy synergizes with EGFR inhibition to reprogram the tumor microenvironment and overcome immune evasion. [Abstract]2025 Jul 15;13(7):e010926. PMID: 40664443 -
Cell Rep Med
Targeting the CD40 costimulatory receptor to improve virotherapy efficacy in diffuse midline gliomas. [Abstract]2025 Jun 23:102204. PMID: 40578365 -
J Exp Med
2023 Mar 6;220(3):e20220857. PMID: 36584406 -
Pharmacol Res
Proinflammatory activation of microglia in the cerebellum hyperexcites Purkinje cells to trigger ataxia. [Abstract]2023 May:191:106773. PMID: 37068531 -
J Neuroinflammation
2026 May 26. PMID: 42185903 -
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J Neuroinflammation
Dihydroartemisinin enhances remyelination by switching microglia to the reparative phenotype. [Abstract]2025 Aug 1;22(1):197. PMID: 40750890 -
J Neuroinflammation
2025 Mar 5;22(1):67. PMID: 40045320 -
J Neuroinflammation
Prolactin deficiency drives diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction by inducing microglia-mediated synaptic loss. [Abstract]2024 Nov 14;21(1):295. PMID: 39543619 -
J Neuroinflammation
Microglia ameliorate delirium-like phenotypes in a murine model of acute ventilator-induced lung injury. [Abstract]2024 Oct 21;21(1):270. PMID: 39434161 -
J Neuroinflammation
Microglia either promote or restrain TRAIL-mediated excitotoxicity caused by Aβ1-42 oligomers. [Abstract]2024 Sep 1;21(1):215. PMID: 39218898 -
J Neuroinflammation
2023 Feb 25;20(1):51. PMID: 36841828
Pexidartinib purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Neuroinflammation. 2023 Feb 25;20(1):51. [Abstract]
Pexidartinib (PLX3397; 290 mg/kg; in animal feedings; for 3 weeks) significantly decreases Iba-1 immunoreactive area in the mouse brains.
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Cancer Lett
Dual inhibition of TGFβ signaling and CSF1/CSF1R reprograms tumor-infiltrating macrophages and improves response to chemotherapy via suppressing PD-L1. [Abstract]2022 Sep 1:543:215795. PMID: 35718267 -
J Neuroinflammation
An overlooked subset of Cx3cr1wt/wt microglia in the Cx3cr1CreER-Eyfp/wt mouse has a repopulation advantage over Cx3cr1CreER-Eyfp/wt microglia following microglial depletion. [Abstract]2022 Jan 21;19(1):20. PMID: 35062962 -
J Neuroinflammation
Neuroprotective effect of microglia against impairments of auditory steady-state response induced by anti-P IgG from SLE patients in naïve mice. [Abstract]2020 Jan 23;17(1):31. PMID: 31973738
Pexidartinib purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Neuroinflammation. 2020 Jan 23;17(1):31. [Abstract]
Representative Iba-1 immunofluorescent staining from the cortex and hippocampus in control and PLX3397-treated mice.
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Cell Death Dis
Identification and targeting oxidative phosphorylation/glycolysis to overcome anti-CSF-1R therapy resistance in glioblastoma. [Abstract]2025 Dec 10. PMID: 41365876 -
Dev Cell
Latent epigenetic programs in Müller glia contribute to stress and disease response in the retina. [Abstract]2025 Apr 21;60(8):1199-1216.e7. PMID: 39753128 -
Phytomedicine
Rapid antiepileptic activity identification of isopimpinellin using a multi-model of epilepsy based on behavior-biomarker-BBB screening pipeline. [Abstract]2025 Nov 29:150:157636. PMID: 41351986 -
EMBO Mol Med
APOE from astrocytes restores Alzheimer's Aβ-pathology and DAM-like responses in APOE deficient microglia. [Abstract]2024 Dec;16(12):3113-3141. PMID: 39528861 -
BMC Med
CSF1R regulates schizophrenia-related stress response and vascular association of microglia/macrophages. [Abstract]2023 Aug 4;21(1):286. PMID: 37542262 -
Brain Behav Immun
IL-17A-mediated copper accumulation participates in chronic neuropathic pain-induced cognitive impairment by enhancing microglial synaptic pruning. [Abstract]2025 Dec 3:132:106208. PMID: 41349925 -
Brain Behav Immun
Microglial homeostasis disruption modulates non-rapid eye movement sleep duration and neuronal activity in adult female mice. [Abstract]2023 Jan:107:153-164. PMID: 36202169 -
Diabetes
2023 Nov 1;72(11):1692-1706. PMID: 37683051 -
Aging Cell
DP1 Receptor Blockade Attenuates Microglial Senescence and Cognitive Decline Caused by PTGDS in Exosomes From Aged Brains. [Abstract]2025 Sep 19:e70228. PMID: 40974022 -
Neurotherapeutics
Sunitinib attenuates secondary injury via the regulation of peri-hematomal microglia at the acute phase of intracerebral hemorrhage. [Abstract]2025 Dec 11:e00818. PMID: 41387160 -
Cell Rep
2024 Oct 23;43(11):114894. PMID: 39446583 -
Cell Rep
Pannexin-1 opening in neuronal edema causes cell death but also leads to protection via increased microglia contacts. [Abstract]2023 Sep 22;42(10):113128. PMID: 37742194 -
Neural Regen Res
Suppressing high mobility group box-1 release alleviates morphine tolerance via the adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase/heme oxygenase-1 pathway. [Abstract]2023 Sep;18(9):2067-2074. PMID: 36926733 -
Inflamm Regen
CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis protects retinal ganglion cells by inhibiting microglia activation in a distal optic nerve trauma model. [Abstract]2024 Jun 6;44(1):30. PMID: 38844990 -
Transl Psychiatry
Microglia-mediated inflammation and synaptic pruning contribute to sleep deprivation-induced mania in a sex-specific manner. [Abstract]2025 Aug 15;15(1):285. PMID: 40817224 -
Transl Psychiatry
Switch to phagocytic microglia by CSFR1 inhibition drives amyloid-beta clearance from glutamatergic terminals rescuing LTP in acute hippocampal slices. [Abstract]2024 Aug 23;14(1):338. PMID: 39179543 -
Transl Psychiatry
Essential role of microglial transforming growth factor-β1 in antidepressant actions of (R)-ketamine and the novel antidepressant TGF-β1. [Abstract]2020 Jan 27;10(1):32. PMID: 32066676 -
JCI Insight
Immunomodulation of inflammatory responses preserves retinal integrity in murine models of pericyte-depletion retinopathy. [Abstract]2025 Jul 1;10(15):e184465. PMID: 40591415
Pexidartinib purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: JCI Insight. 2025 Jul 1;10(15):e184465. [Abstract]
PLX3397 groups were fed a diet containing Pexidartinib hydrochloride (PLX3397; 1,200 ppm) for 7 days starting at weaning (p21) and maintained for 7 days before analysis at 4-weeks of age (P28). (A&B) Representative images of retina cryo-sections stained for Iba1 and GFAP, respectively. (C) Representative merged images of CD31 and Iba1 staining of retina whole mounts in IgG and APB5-treated mice with or without administration of PLX3397.
Pexidartinib purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: JCI Insight. 2025 Jul 1;10(15):e184465. [Abstract]
PLX3397 groups were fed a diet containing Pexidartinib hydrochloride (PLX3397; 1,200 ppm) for 7 days starting at weaning (p21) and maintained for 7 days before analysis at 4-weeks of age (P28). Fluorescein angiographic images.
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Front Immunol
Ethanol Induces Secretion of Proinflammatory Extracellular Vesicles That Inhibit Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis Through G9a/GLP-Epigenetic Signaling. [Abstract]2022 May 13;13:866073. PMID: 35634322 -
Acta Neuropathol Commun
Microglial repopulation reverses radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction by restoring medial prefrontal cortex activity and modulating leukotriene-C4 synthesis. [Abstract]2025 May 19;13(1):105. PMID: 40390112 -
Biochem Pharmacol
Interfering with alternatively activated macrophages by CSF-1R inhibition exerts therapeutic capacity on allergic airway inflammation. [Abstract]2022 Apr:198:114952. PMID: 35149050 -
J Ethnopharmacol
Icariin maintaining TMEM119-positive microglial population improves hippocampus-associated memory in senescent mice in relation to R-3-hydroxybutyric acid metabolism. [Abstract]2025 Jan 31:340:119287. PMID: 39736348 -
Chem Biol Interact
Antitumor activity of a pexidartinib bioisostere inhibiting CSF1 production and CSF1R kinase activity in human hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]2023 Jan 5:369:110255. PMID: 36368339 -
J Am Heart Assoc
Microglia-Mediated Neuroimmune Response Regulates Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction. [Abstract]2023 Jun 20;12(12):e029053. PMID: 37318008 -
Cells
Microglia Depletion-Induced Remodeling of Extracellular Matrix and Excitatory Synapses in the Hippocampus of Adult Mice. [Abstract]2021 Jul 22;10(8):1862. PMID: 34440631 -
Cells
Chemogenetic Activation of CX3CR1-Expressing Spinal Microglia Using Gq-DREADD Elicits Mechanical Allodynia in Male Mice. [Abstract]2021 Apr 12;10(4):874. PMID: 33921365 -
Cancer Immunol Immunother
Hypoalbuminemia induces immunosuppression through disorder in macrophages and drives resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors. [Abstract]2026 Apr 6;75(5):137. PMID: 41940988 -
Life Sci
Fibroblast to macrophage-like cell transition in renal inflammatory injury through the MR/CSF1 pathway induced by aldosterone. [Abstract]2025 Apr 9:123627. PMID: 40216224 -
Glia
Microglial response promotes neurodegeneration in the Ndufs4 KO mouse model of Leigh syndrome. [Abstract]2022 Nov;70(11):2032-2044. PMID: 35770802 -
Glia
Partial microglial depletion is associated with impaired hippocampal synaptic and cognitive function in young and aged rats. [Abstract]2021 Jun;69(6):1494-1514. PMID: 33586813 -
Glia
2021 Apr;69(4):943-953. PMID: 33241604 -
Life Sci
Astrocytes-induced neuronal inhibition contributes to depressive-like behaviors during chronic stress. [Abstract]2020 Oct 1;258:118099. PMID: 32682917 -
CNS Neurosci Ther
Bifidobacterium promotes retinal ganglion cell survival by regulating the balance of retinal glial cells. [Abstract]2023 Jun;29 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):146-160. PMID: 36924268 -
Int J Mol Sci
Pexidartinib and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Combine to Activate Tumor Immunity in a Murine Colorectal Cancer Model by Depleting M2 Macrophages Differentiated by Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts. [Abstract]2024 Jun 26;25(13):7001. PMID: 39000110 -
Biomolecules
Microglia Depletion from Primary Glial Cultures Enables to Accurately Address the Immune Response of Astrocytes. [Abstract]2022 May 4;12(5):666. PMID: 35625594
Pexidartinib purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biomolecules. 2022 May 4;12(5):666. [Abstract]
PLX-3397 decreases Iba-1 expression, but has no impact on GFAP expression, in primary cultures of astrocytes. (A) Representative immunoblots of GFAP, Iba-1 and GAPDH with no exposure (−) and exposure to 0.2 µm, 1 µm and 5 µM Pexidartinib hydrochloride (PLX-3397; 17 days). Densitometric analysis of (B) Iba-1 and (C) GFAP was performed with ImageJ software using GAPDH as loading control.
Pexidartinib purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biomolecules. 2022 May 4;12(5):666. [Abstract]
Pexidartinib hydrochloride (PLX-3397; 0.2, 1, 5 μM; 17 days) decreased the percentage of Iba-1-expressing cells in primary cultures of astrocytes.
Pexidartinib purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biomolecules. 2022 May 4;12(5):666. [Abstract]
Pexidartinib hydrochloride (PLX-3397; 0.2, 1, 5 μM; 10, 17 days) did not compromise the viability of cultured astrocytes.
Pexidartinib purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biomolecules. 2022 May 4;12(5):666. [Abstract]
Pexidartinib hydrochloride (PLX-3397; 0.2, 1, 5 μM; 17 days) decreases the reactivity of cultured astrocytes. (A) Representative immunoblots of C3, PTX3 and GAPDH with no exposure (−) and exposure to 0.2 µm, 1 µm and 5 µM of PLX-3397. Densitometric analysis of (B) C3 and (C) PTX3 was performed with ImageJ software using GAPDH as loading control.
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Cell Oncol (Dordr)
1p/19q co-deletion status is associated with distinct tumor-associated macrophage infiltration in IDH mutated lower-grade gliomas. [Abstract]2021 Feb;44(1):193-204. PMID: 32915415 -
Int Immunopharmacol
ACTL6A accelerates the progression of NSCLC through hippo/YAP signaling axis and TAMs-mediated immune regulation. [Abstract]2026 Jan 1;168(Pt 1):115828. PMID: 41223612 -
Reprod Biol Endocrinol
2025 Oct 22;23(1):135. PMID: 41126221 -
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
Ameboid Microglia as a Scavenger Role in Phagocytosis of Photoreceptor Outer Segment in an Experimental Retinal Detachment Model. [Abstract]2025 Mar 3;66(3):4. PMID: 40035728 -
Int Immunopharmacol
CSF1R inhibition agents protect against cisplatin ototoxicity and synergize with immunotherapy for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. [Abstract]2025 Apr 16:152:114428. PMID: 40073814 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Melatonin protects against NMDA-induced retinal ganglion cell injury by regulating the microglia-TNFα-RGC p38 MAPK pathway. [Abstract]2023 May:118:109976. PMID: 37098655 -
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol
Microglia depletion exacerbates acute seizures and hippocampal neuronal degeneration in mouse models of epilepsy. [Abstract]2020 Sep 1;319(3):C605-C610. PMID: 32783655 -
Molecules
Eco-Friendly, Simple, Fast, and Sensitive UPLC-MS/MS Method for Determination of Pexidartinib in Plasma and Its Application to Metabolic Stability. [Abstract]2022 Jan 4;27(1):297. PMID: 35011540 -
Neuropharmacology
Antidepressive properties of macrophage-colony stimulating factor in a mouse model of depression induced by chronic unpredictable stress. [Abstract]2020 Aug 1;172:108132. PMID: 32407925 -
Neuropharmacology
Identification of a microglial activation-dependent antidepressant effect of amphotericin B liposome. [Abstract]2019 Jun:151:33-44. PMID: 30954529 -
Transl Stroke Res
Deacetylase SIRT2 Inhibition Promotes Microglial M2 Polarization Through Axl/PI3K/AKT to Alleviate White Matter Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. [Abstract]2025 Aug;16(4):1075-1093. PMID: 39103659 -
iScience
Patient-derived organoid xenografts model esophageal cancer cachexia and enable assessment of anti-inflammatory drug repositioning. [Abstract]2026 Jan 7;29(2):114638. PMID: 41623495 -
J Neurosci
Ependymal Vps35 Promotes Ependymal Cell Differentiation and Survival, Suppresses Microglial Activation, and Prevents Neonatal Hydrocephalus. [Abstract]2020 May 6;40(19):3862-3879. PMID: 32291328 -
Sci Rep
Neuromodulation with transcranial direct current stimulation contributes to motor function recovery via microglia in spinal cord injury. [Abstract]2024 Aug 4;14(1):18031. PMID: 39098975 -
Biomedicines
Critical Role of Neuronal Vps35 in Blood Vessel Branching and Maturation in Developing Mouse Brain. [Abstract]2022 Jul 9;10(7):1653. PMID: 35884959 -
Biomedicines
Tumor-Released Products Promote Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophage Survival and Proliferation. [Abstract]2021 Oct 4;9(10):1387. PMID: 34680504 -
Sci Rep
Inhibition of CSF1R, a receptor involved in microglia viability, alters behavioral and molecular changes induced by cocaine. [Abstract]2021 Aug 6;11(1):15989. PMID: 34362959 -
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry
Antidepressive properties of microglial stimulation in a mouse model of depression induced by chronic unpredictable stress. [Abstract]2020 Jul 13;101:109931. PMID: 32201112 -
Int Dent J
Pexidartinib Inhibits Macrophage Senescence Through Glycolysis in Periodontitis Microenvironment. [Abstract]2025 Jun 2;75(4):100843. PMID: 40460514 -
Eur J Immunol
2024 Dec;54(12):e2451139. PMID: 39308210 -
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J Neurosci Res
Extracellular microvesicles promote microglia-mediated pro-inflammatory responses to ethanol. [Abstract]2021 Aug;99(8):1940-1956. PMID: 33611821 -
Endocrinology
Inhibition of CSF1R and KIT with pexidartinib reduces inflammatory signaling and cell viability in endometriosis. [Abstract]2024 Feb 20;165(4):bqae003. PMID: 38227801 -
J Neurooncol
Medulloblastoma recurrence and metastatic spread are independent of colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor signaling and macrophage survival. [Abstract]2021 Jun;153(2):225-237. PMID: 33963961 -
Mol Pharmacol
Influence of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition on Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 1B3-Mediated Uptake. [Abstract]2022 Jun;101(6):381-389. PMID: 35383108 -
Life Sci Alliance
Macrophage Sult2b1 promotes pathological neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration. [Abstract]2023 Aug 7;6(11):e202302020. PMID: 37550000 -
Immunol Lett
2026 Apr 27:107179. PMID: 42055255 -
J Mol Neurosci
Gamma Oscillation Disruption Induced By Microglial Activation Contributes to Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders in Aged Mice. [Abstract]2025 Aug 2;75(3):97. PMID: 40753364 -
Brain Behav
Is the Relationship Between Adolescent Social Isolation and Anxiety-Like Behaviors Altered by Microglia Ablation in Female Long Evans Rats?. [Abstract]2025 Mar;15(3):e70369. PMID: 40059451 -
eNeuro
2023 Nov 10;10(11):ENEURO.0323-23.2023. PMID: 37890992 -
Brain Res
Microglial inhibition in the basolateral amygdala is associated with improved socio-emotional behaviors following sleep deprivation in mice. [Abstract]2026 Aug 15:1885:150332. PMID: 42009179 -
Anticancer Drugs
Derazantinib, a fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor, inhibits colony-stimulating factor receptor-1 in macrophages and tumor cells and in combination with a murine programmed cell death ligand-1-antibody activates the immune environment of murine syngeneic tumor models. [Abstract]2023 Oct 1;34(9):1035-1045. PMID: 36729099 -
J Ocul Pharmacol Ther
2020 Jun;36(5):311-319. PMID: 32379991 -
J Anat
Dynamic changes in microglia in the mouse hippocampus during administration and withdrawal of the CSF1R inhibitor PLX3397. [Abstract]2023 Sep;243(3):394-403. PMID: 37038887 -
Behav Pharmacol
Zymosan A produces a rapid and sustained antidepressant effect in chronically stressed mice by stimulating hippocampal microglia. [Abstract]2023 Sep 1;34(6):318-329. PMID: 37530136 -
STAR Protoc
CRISPR generation of CSF1R-G795A human microglia for robust microglia replacement in a chimeric mouse model. [Abstract]2023 Jul 29;4(3):102490. PMID: 37516973 -
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bioRxiv
Serial Thermal Ablation Induces Abscopal Antitumor Immunity and Reveals Targetable CSF1R-Dependent Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer. [Abstract]2026 Apr 8:2026.04.05.713683. PMID: 41993287 -
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bioRxiv
TDP-43 suppression of ATP8A2 cryptic splicing implicates phosphatidylserine-driven neuroinflammation in ALS/FTD. [Abstract]2025 Nov 24:2025.11.21.689833. PMID: 41394670 -
bioRxiv
2025 Nov 13:2025.11.12.688147. PMID: 41292969 -
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bioRxiv
2025 Jul 17:2025.07.12.664223. PMID: 40791511 -
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bioRxiv
Modeling acquired TKI resistance and effective combination therapeutic strategies in murine RET+ lung adenocarcinoma. [Abstract]2025 Jun 7:2025.06.04.657911. PMID: 40502048 -
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bioRxiv
7-ketocholesterol contributes to microglia-driven increases in astrocyte reactive oxygen species in Alzheimer's disease. [Abstract]2025 Jan 19:2025.01.19.633810. PMID: 39868327 -
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bioRxiv
2024 Jun 6:2024.06.05.597614. PMID: 38895217 -
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bioRxiv
2023 Nov 17:2023.11.16.567274. PMID: 38014097 -
bioRxiv
Microglia Depletion Reduces Human Neuronal APOE4-Driven Pathologies in a Chimeric Alzheimer's Disease Model. [Abstract]2023 Nov 14:2023.11.10.566510. PMID: 38014339 -
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CNS Repopulation by Hematopoietic-Derived Microglia-Like Cells Corrects Progranulin deficiency. [Abstract]2023 Sep 12:rs.3.rs-3263412. PMID: 37790525 -
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Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (239.34 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 50% PEG400 50% PBS
Solubility: 10 mg/mL (23.93 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.98 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.98 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 0.5% CMC-Na/saline water
Solubility: 10 mg/mL (23.93 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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-
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (278 KB)
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SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Korean - KR (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. DeNardo DG, et al. Leukocyte complexity predicts breast cancer survival and functionally regulates response to chemotherapy. Cancer Discov. 2011 Jun;1(1):54-67. [Content Brief]
[2]. Kuse Y, et al. Microglia increases the proliferation of retinal precursor cells during postnatal development. Mol Vis. 2018 Jul 30;24:536-545. eCollection 2018. [Content Brief]
[3]. Lee JH, et al. A phase I study of pexidartinib, a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor, in Asian patients with advanced solid tumors. Invest New Drugs. 2019 Mar 2. [Content Brief]
[4]. Merry TL, et al. The CSF1 receptor inhibitor pexidartinib (PLX3397) reduces tissue macrophage levels without affecting glucose homeostasis in mice. Int J Obes (Lond). 2020;44(1):245-253. [Content Brief]
[5]. Luo L, et al. Intermittent theta-burst stimulation improves motor function by inhibiting neuronal pyroptosis and regulating microglial polarization via TLR4/NFκB/NLRP3 signaling pathway in cerebral ischemic mice. J Neuroinflammation. 2022 Jun 11;19(1):141. [Content Brief]
[6]. Chadarevian JP, et al. Engineering an inhibitor-resistant human CSF1R variant for microglia replacement. J Exp Med. 2023 Mar 6;220(3):e20220857. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 2.3934 mL | 11.9672 mL | 23.9343 mL | 59.8358 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.4787 mL | 2.3934 mL | 4.7869 mL | 11.9672 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2393 mL | 1.1967 mL | 2.3934 mL | 5.9836 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1596 mL | 0.7978 mL | 1.5956 mL | 3.9891 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1197 mL | 0.5984 mL | 1.1967 mL | 2.9918 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0957 mL | 0.4787 mL | 0.9574 mL | 2.3934 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0798 mL | 0.3989 mL | 0.7978 mL | 1.9945 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0598 mL | 0.2992 mL | 0.5984 mL | 1.4959 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0479 mL | 0.2393 mL | 0.4787 mL | 1.1967 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0399 mL | 0.1995 mL | 0.3989 mL | 0.9973 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0299 mL | 0.1496 mL | 0.2992 mL | 0.7479 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0239 mL | 0.1197 mL | 0.2393 mL | 0.5984 mL |