Etomoxir
Based on 135 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Etomoxir ((R)-(+)-Etomoxir) is an irreversible inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT-1a), inhibits fatty acid oxidation (FAO) through CPT-1a and inhibits palmitate β-oxidation in human, rat and guinea pig.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.58%
- CAS No.: 124083-20-1
- Formula: C17H23ClO4
- Molecular Weight:326.82
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Storage:
-20°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Etomoxir
More- Cancer Cell. 2026 Feb 9;44(2):383-404.e18. [Abstract]
- Cancer Cell. 2025 Apr 22:S1535-6108(25)00138-2. [Abstract]
- Cell Metab. 2026 Apr 29:S1550-4131(26)00142-7. [Abstract]
- Cell Metab. 2024 May 7;36(5):969-983.e10. [Abstract]
- Cell Metab. 2023 Dec 5;35(12):2136-2152.e9. [Abstract]
- Cell Metab. 2022 Nov 1;34(11):1843-1859.e11. [Abstract]
- Nat Genet. 2025 Mar;57(3):680-693. [Abstract]
- Nat Metab. 2025 Sep 30. [Abstract]
- Nat Metab. 2022 Oct;4(10):1287-1305. [Abstract]
- Cell Stem Cell. 2025 Dec 4;32(12):1849-1868.e15. [Abstract]
- Clin Mol Hepatol. 2024 May 10. [Abstract]
- Cancer Res. 2026 Apr 29:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-24-1984. [Abstract]
- Mol Cell. 2024 Jun 21:S1097-2765(24)00477-5. [Abstract]
- Cancer Res. 2023 Aug 1;83(15):2461-2470. [Abstract]
- Mol Cell. 2022 Aug 18;82(16):3030-3044.e8. [Abstract]
- Mol Cell. 2020 Oct 1;80(1):43-58.e7. [Abstract]
- Sci Immunol. 2023 Sep 29;8(87):eabq2424. [Abstract]
- Hepatology. 2022 Dec;76(6):1617-1633. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2025 May 15;16(1):4502. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2025 Feb 1;16(1):1241. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2025 Jan 2;16(1):212. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2024 Aug 3;15(1):6587. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2024 May 7;15(1):3805. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2022 Jun 17;13(1):3486. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2021 Jun 16;12(1):3660. [Abstract]
- Acta Pharm Sin B. 2025 Jan;15(1):256-277. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2025 Jan;21(1):80-101. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Nov 6:e07384. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Nov 26:e2411559. [Abstract]
- Theranostics. 2020 May 16;10(14):6483-6499. [Abstract]
- Sci Adv. 2025 Aug 29;11(35):eadu6271. [Abstract]
- Sci Adv. 2023 Apr 14;9(15):eadf8522. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2021 Oct:46:102082. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2018 Oct;19:412-428. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2018 Jul;17:180-191. [Abstract]
- Brain. 2024 Aug 28:awae270. [Abstract]
- Engineering. 2024 Sep 6.
- Cell Rep Med. 2025 Dec 16;6(12):102507. [Abstract]
- J Immunother Cancer. 2025 Oct 23;13(10):e012162. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep Med. 2024 May 29:101592. [Abstract]
- Pharmacol Res. 2021 Oct:172:105796. [Abstract]
- Cancer Lett. 2024 Jun 18:217068. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Sci. 2025 Jan 1;21(2):725-744. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Sci. 2022 Mar 14;18(6):2484-2496. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Sci. 2021 Oct 11;17(15):4207-4222. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2025 Apr 14;16(1):291. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2023 Oct 6;14(10):653. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2023 Feb 15;14(2):125. [Abstract]
- Acta Biomater. 2022 Sep 15:150:83-95. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2022 Mar 11;13(3):229. [Abstract]
- Genes Dis. 2026 Mar 27.
- Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Nov 16;118(46):e2105950118. [Abstract]
- Dev Cell. 2025 Apr 18:S1534-5807(25)00206-0. [Abstract]
- Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2025 May 20. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2026 Mar 1:245:343-356. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2022 Sep:190:94-104. [Abstract]
- Free Radical Bio Med. 2019 Sep:141:372-382. [Abstract]
- Neoplasia. 2025 Feb 3:61:101125. [Abstract]
- Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2025 Aug 21. [Abstract]
- Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025 May 21:101539. [Abstract]
- Oncogene. 2025 Sep;44(34):3096-3112. [Abstract]
- Stem Cell Res Ther. 2024 Sep 27;15(1):328. [Abstract]
- PLoS Biol. 2026 Mar 12;24(3):e3003698. [Abstract]
- PLoS Biol. 2025 Nov 24;23(11):e3003490. [Abstract]
- Aging Cell. 2024 Aug;23(8):e14184. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Discov. 2024 May 1;10(1):207. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2024 Feb 27;43(2):113739. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2021 Sep 7;36(10):109659. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2019 Apr 2;27(1):226-237.e4. [Abstract]
- Clin Transl Med. 2022 Sep;12(9):e1061. [Abstract]
- Antioxidants (Basel). 2026 Jun 15;15(6):754. [Abstract]
- Mol Metab. 2024 Jun:84:101953. [Abstract]
- Mol Med. 2025 Oct 9;31(1):310. [Abstract]
- J Cell Biol. 2022 Dec 5;221(12):e202207022. [Abstract]
- J Agric Food Chem. 2024 Jun 12;72(23):13039-13053. [Abstract]
- Cancer Cell Int. 2025 May 14;25(1):176. [Abstract]
- Cancer Cell Int. 2023 May 9;23(1):87. [Abstract]
- Front Immunol. 2022 Mar 10;13:771732. [Abstract]
- J Invest Dermatol. 2023 Oct;143(10):1993-2006.e10. [Abstract]
- Cell Prolif. 2021 Nov;54(11):e13134. [Abstract]
- Commun Biol. 2026 May 26. [Abstract]
- Life Sci. 2024 Aug 1:350:122763. [Abstract]
- Commun Biol. 2022 Dec 7;5(1):1340. [Abstract]
- CNS Neurosci Ther. 2026 Jan;32(1):e70744. [Abstract]
- Front Pharmacol. 2022 May 16;13:848957. [Abstract]
- Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2025 Mar 1;328(3):C776-C790. [Abstract]
- Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2018 Apr 26;62(5). pii: e01659-17. [Abstract]
- Rheumatology (Oxford). 2024 Jun 5:keae320. [Abstract]
- Ann Med. 2025 Dec;57(1):2497112. [Abstract]
- Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2025 May 24:167919. [Abstract]
- FASEB J. 2025 Mar 15;39(5):e70439. [Abstract]
- Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2024 Jun 25:167314. [Abstract]
- Lipids Health Dis. 2024 Feb 3;23(1):37. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 20;15(1):30552. [Abstract]
- Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2024 Aug 12:109829. [Abstract]
- J Biol Chem. 2024 Jul 11:107549. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2024 Jan 18;14(1):1600. [Abstract]
- Oncol Rep. 2023 Jul;50(1):141. [Abstract]
- Oncol Rep. 2023 Jul;50(1):138. [Abstract]
- J Biomed Mater Res A. 2022 Aug;110(8):1448-1459. [Abstract]
- Eur J Immunol. 2025 Dec;55(12):e70087. [Abstract]
- Cell Signal. 2025 Jan 26:111627. [Abstract]
- J Cell Sci. 2022 Aug 1;135(15):jcs259090. [Abstract]
- Biology (Basel). 2025 Dec 31;15(1):85. [Abstract]
- Med Oncol. 2025 Jul 14;42(8):332. [Abstract]
- Food Chem Toxicol. 2022 Nov:169:113450. [Abstract]
- Eur J Med Res. 2025 Jan 17;30(1):35. [Abstract]
- Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2025 Apr 17. [Abstract]
- Front Oncol. 2021 Apr 22:11:665763. [Abstract]
- Cell Biol Int. 2024 Sep;48(9):1378-1391. [Abstract]
- Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2024 Feb 6;29(2):66. [Abstract]
- Biol Reprod. 2026 Apr 16:ioag080. [Abstract]
- Mol Immunol. 2026 Apr:192:32-44. [Abstract]
- J Orthop Surg Res. 2023 May 26;18(1):386. [Abstract]
- Vet Microbiol. 2024 Jan:288:109932. [Abstract]
- Infect Genet Evol. 2020 Nov;85:104552. [Abstract]
- Clin Transl Oncol. 2025 Jun;27(6):2557-2567. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2021 Oct 8:583:135-141. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2017 Feb 5;483(2):860-866. [Abstract]
- Cell Physiol Biochem. 2018;48(6):2318-2336. [Abstract]
- Res Sq. 2026 Jun 15.
- bioRxiv. 2026 May 22.
- Johns Hopkins University. 2025 Sep.
- bioRxiv. 2025 May 15.
- bioRxiv. 2025 April 10.
- bioRxiv. 2023 Nov 17.
- Research Square Preprint. 2023 Aug 1.
- bioRxiv. 2023 Apr 17.
- Research (Wash D C). 2023:6:0087. [Abstract]
- SSRN. 6 Dec 2022.
- Research Square Preprint. 2022 Feb.
- Universidade de São Paulo. Ribeirão Preto, 2021.
- bioRxiv. 2021 Mar 8.
- Research Square Preprint. 2020 Sep.
- Oncotarget. 2016 Oct 11;7(41):67071-67086. [Abstract]
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
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WB
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Bio/Physico-chemical Assay
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
Biological Activity
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CPT-1A |
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KB | IC50 |
2.76 μM
Compound: 6a, B807-54
|
Cytotoxicity in human KB cells
Cytotoxicity in human KB cells
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[PMID: 21504156] |
Etomoxir binds irreversibly to the catalytic site of CPT-1 inhibiting its activity, but also upregulates fatty acid oxidation enzymes. Etomoxir is developed as an inhibitor of the mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) located on the outer mitochondrial membrane. Etomoxir, in the liver can act as peroxisomal proliferator, increasing DNA synthesis and liver growth. Thus, etomoxir, in addition of being a CPT1 inhibitor could be considered as a PPARalpha agonist[1]. Etomoxir is a member of the oxirane carboxylic acid carnitine palmitoyl transferase I inhibitors and has been suggested as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of heart failure. Acute Etomoxir treatment irreversibly inhibits the activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I. As a result, fatty acid import into the mitochondria and β-oxidation is reduced, whereas cytosolic fatty acid accumulates and glucose oxidation is elevated. Prolonged incubation (24 h) with Etomoxir produces diverse effects on the expression of several metabolic enzyme[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 124083-20-1
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Appearance <32°C Solid,>34°C Liquid
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Molecular Weight 326.82
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Formula C17H23ClO4
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
O=C(OCC)[C@@]1(OC1)CCCCCCOC2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl
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Synonyms
(R)-(+)-Etomoxir
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
-20°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)
Publications (135)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Cancer Cell
Multiomic integration reveals tumoral heterogeneity of lipid dependence within lethal group 3 medulloblastoma. [Abstract]2026 Feb 9;44(2):383-404.e18. PMID: 41544627 -
Cancer Cell
2025 Apr 22:S1535-6108(25)00138-2. PMID: 40280124
Etomoxir purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Cell. 2025 Apr 22:S1535-6108(25)00138-2. [Abstract]
Relative confluence of A375 cells treated with young secretome (YA, blue) and YA secretome containing Etomoxir (10 µM; 40 h) (YA Etomoxir, white circles).
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Cell Metab
NAD-dependent redox control enables endothelial quiescence and vascular stabilization during angiogenesis. [Abstract]2026 Apr 29:S1550-4131(26)00142-7. PMID: 42061402 -
Cell Metab
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase obstructs CD8+ T cell lipid utilization in the tumor microenvironment. [Abstract]2024 May 7;36(5):969-983.e10. PMID: 38490211
Etomoxir purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Metab. 2024 May 7;36(5):969-983.e10. [Abstract]
Etomoxir (10 mM; 20 min). Energetic profiling, OCR trace with SRC quantifications of OT-1 T cells cultured ± ACCi.
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Cell Metab
2023 Dec 5;35(12):2136-2152.e9. PMID: 37989315
Etomoxir purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Metab. 2023 Dec 5;35(12):2136-2152.e9. [Abstract]
Etomoxir(50 μM; 6 days).Seahorse respirometry and measurement of the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in WT (D and F) or Lepr-cKO (E) nerve explants.
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Cell Metab
2022 Nov 1;34(11):1843-1859.e11. PMID: 36103895 -
Nat Genet
2025 Mar;57(3):680-693. PMID: 40069506
Etomoxir purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Genet. 2025 Mar;57(3):680-693. [Abstract]
A375 cells treated with IFN-γ and Etomoxir (100,200 μM; 24 h) were analyzed for PD-L1 expression.
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Nat Metab
2025 Sep 30. PMID: 41028912
Etomoxir purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Metab. 2025 Sep 30. [Abstract]
Luminescence detection of intracellular ATP (a.u., arbitrary units) in cultured hippocampal E16 Ddhd2−/− neurons ±1 µM M-CoA for 48 h and ± etomoxir (1 μM; 48 h) analysed at DIV 21–22 normalized to the average of Ddhd2−/− in each experiment.
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Nat Metab
Microglial hexokinase 2 deficiency increases ATP generation through lipid metabolism leading to β-amyloid clearance. [Abstract]2022 Oct;4(10):1287-1305. PMID: 36203054 -
Cell Stem Cell
Injury-induced Clusterin+ cardiomyocytes suppress inflammation and promote regeneration in neonatal and adult hearts by reprogramming macrophages. [Abstract]2025 Dec 4;32(12):1849-1868.e15. PMID: 41205597 -
Clin Mol Hepatol
2024 May 10. PMID: 38726504 -
Cancer Res
KRAS Signaling Inhibition Induces a Targetable Metabolic Dependency on Lipophagy-Dependent Fatty Acid Oxidation in Pancreatic Cancer. [Abstract]2026 Apr 29:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-24-1984. PMID: 42054558 -
Mol Cell
pLxIS-containing domains are biochemically flexible regulators of interferons and metabolism. [Abstract]2024 Jun 21:S1097-2765(24)00477-5. PMID: 38925114 -
Cancer Res
Oxidative phosphorylation fueled by fatty acid oxidation sensitizes leukemic stem cells to cold. [Abstract]2023 Aug 1;83(15):2461-2470. PMID: 37272750 -
Mol Cell
An oncogenic JMJD6-DGAT1 axis tunes the epigenetic regulation of lipid droplet formation in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. [Abstract]2022 Aug 18;82(16):3030-3044.e8. PMID: 35764091 -
Mol Cell
Histone Deacetylase 3 Couples Mitochondria to Drive IL-1β-Dependent Inflammation by Configuring Fatty Acid Oxidation. [Abstract]2020 Oct 1;80(1):43-58.e7. PMID: 32937100 -
Sci Immunol
Mitochondria-ER contact mediated by MFN2-SERCA2 interaction supports CD8+ T cell metabolic fitness and function in tumors. [Abstract]2023 Sep 29;8(87):eabq2424. PMID: 37738362 -
Hepatology
Cholangiocarcinoma progression depends on the uptake and metabolization of extracellular lipids. [Abstract]2022 Dec;76(6):1617-1633. PMID: 35030285 -
Nat Commun
TIGIT deficiency promotes autoreactive CD4+ T-cell responses through a metabolic‒epigenetic mechanism in autoimmune myositis. [Abstract]2025 May 15;16(1):4502. PMID: 40374622 -
Nat Commun
Copy number amplification of FLAD1 promotes the progression of triple-negative breast cancer through lipid metabolism. [Abstract]2025 Feb 1;16(1):1241. PMID: 39890808 -
Nat Commun
Mitochondrial-cytochrome c oxidase II promotes glutaminolysis to sustain tumor cell survival upon glucose deprivation. [Abstract]2025 Jan 2;16(1):212. PMID: 39747079 -
Nat Commun
2024 Aug 3;15(1):6587. PMID: 39097623 -
Nat Commun
FGFR inhibition blocks NF-ĸB-dependent glucose metabolism and confers metabolic vulnerabilities in cholangiocarcinoma. [Abstract]2024 May 7;15(1):3805. PMID: 38714664 -
Nat Commun
2022 Jun 17;13(1):3486. PMID: 35710796 -
Nat Commun
Limited survival and impaired hepatic fasting metabolism in mice with constitutive Rag GTPase signaling. [Abstract]2021 Jun 16;12(1):3660. PMID: 34135321 -
Acta Pharm Sin B
Reversing metabolic reprogramming by CPT1 inhibition with etomoxir promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration via DUSP1 ADP-ribosylation-mediated p38 MAPK phosphorylation. [Abstract]2025 Jan;15(1):256-277. PMID: 40041918 -
Autophagy
MANF facilitates breast cancer cell survival under glucose-starvation conditions via prkn-mediated mitophagy regulation. [Abstract]2025 Jan;21(1):80-101. PMID: 39147386 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Iron Overload Mediates the Differential Cell Fate of Astrocytes from Neurons and Its Regulatory Mechanisms in Ischemic Stroke. [Abstract]2025 Nov 6:e07384. PMID: 41195589 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
2024 Nov 26:e2411559. PMID: 39587975 -
Theranostics
STIM1 is a metabolic checkpoint regulating the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]2020 May 16;10(14):6483-6499. PMID: 32483465 -
Sci Adv
Glutamate utilization fuels rapid production of mitochondrial ROS in dendritic cells and drives systemic inflammation during tularemia. [Abstract]2025 Aug 29;11(35):eadu6271. PMID: 40880474 -
Sci Adv
M2 macrophages drive leukemic transformation by imposing resistance to phagocytosis and improving mitochondrial metabolism. [Abstract]2023 Apr 14;9(15):eadf8522. PMID: 37058562 -
Redox Biol
Pharmaceutical targeting of succinate dehydrogenase in fibroblasts controls bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. [Abstract]2021 Oct:46:102082. PMID: 34343908 -
Redox Biol
Myostatin knockout induces apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells via elevated reactive oxygen species generation. [Abstract]2018 Oct;19:412-428. PMID: 30241032 -
Redox Biol
Regulation of AMPK-related glycolipid metabolism imbalances redox homeostasis and inhibits anchorage independent growth in human breast cancer cells. [Abstract]2018 Jul;17:180-191. PMID: 29702405 -
Brain
2024 Aug 28:awae270. PMID: 39197036 -
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Cell Rep Med
Targeting long-chain acylcarnitine accumulation to protect cardiac mitochondrial homeostasis after complete revascularization. [Abstract]2025 Dec 16;6(12):102507. PMID: 41406945 -
J Immunother Cancer
CPT1A inhibition alleviates plasmacytoid dendritic cell-mediated immune suppression in colon cancer through fatty acid oxidation modulation. [Abstract]2025 Oct 23;13(10):e012162. PMID: 41135952 -
Cell Rep Med
A CD36-dependent non-canonical lipid metabolism program promotes immune escape and resistance to hypomethylating agent therapy in AML. [Abstract]2024 May 29:101592. PMID: 38843841 -
Pharmacol Res
2021 Oct:172:105796. PMID: 34343656 -
Cancer Lett
2024 Jun 18:217068. PMID: 38901665 -
Int J Biol Sci
Mitochondrial SIRT2-mediated CPT2 deacetylation prevents diabetic cardiomyopathy by impeding cardiac fatty acid oxidation. [Abstract]2025 Jan 1;21(2):725-744. PMID: 39781464 -
Int J Biol Sci
Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain 3-mediated fatty acid oxidation is required for TGFβ1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma. [Abstract]2022 Mar 14;18(6):2484-2496. PMID: 35414781 -
Int J Biol Sci
Targeted Inhibition of LPL/FABP4/CPT1 fatty acid metabolic axis can effectively prevent the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to liver cancer. [Abstract]2021 Oct 11;17(15):4207-4222. PMID: 34803493 -
Cell Death Dis
A targetable antioxidant defense mechanism to EZH2 inhibitors enhances tumor cell vulnerability to ferroptosis. [Abstract]2025 Apr 14;16(1):291. PMID: 40229247 -
Cell Death Dis
Targeting c-Jun inhibits fatty acid oxidation to overcome tamoxifen resistance in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. [Abstract]2023 Oct 6;14(10):653. PMID: 37803002 -
Cell Death Dis
NSUN2 promotes osteosarcoma progression by enhancing the stability of FABP5 mRNA via m5C methylation. [Abstract]2023 Feb 15;14(2):125. PMID: 36792587
Etomoxir purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Dis. 2023 Feb 15;14(2):125. [Abstract]
Etomoxir reduces the proliferation of 143b cells.
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Acta Biomater
2022 Sep 15:150:83-95. PMID: 35917912 -
Cell Death Dis
2022 Mar 11;13(3):229. PMID: 35277475 -
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
2021 Nov 16;118(46):e2105950118. PMID: 34772808 -
Dev Cell
2025 Apr 18:S1534-5807(25)00206-0. PMID: 40280135 -
Acta Pharmacol Sin
STING inhibits the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by suppressing CPT1A-mediated fatty acid β-oxidation. [Abstract]2025 May 20. PMID: 40394235 -
Free Radic Biol Med
2026 Mar 1:245:343-356. PMID: 41500341 -
Free Radic Biol Med
Inhibition of mitochondrial superoxide promotes the development of hiPS-CMs during differentiation. [Abstract]2022 Sep:190:94-104. PMID: 35952922 -
Free Radical Bio Med
Plin5 deficiency exacerbates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure by enhancing myocardial fatty acid oxidation and oxidative stress. [Abstract]2019 Sep:141:372-382. PMID: 31291602 -
Neoplasia
SLC31A1 promotes chemoresistance through inducing CPT1A-mediated fatty acid oxidation in ER-positive breast cancer. [Abstract]2025 Feb 3:61:101125. PMID: 39904115 -
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
TGF-β1 Promotes Angiogenesis via Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Infantile Hemangioma. [Abstract]2025 Aug 21. PMID: 40836919 -
Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol
2025 May 21:101539. PMID: 40409684 -
Oncogene
ACSL5 regulated acetyl-CoA to promote bladder cancer cellular senescence via 53BP1 acetylation. [Abstract]2025 Sep;44(34):3096-3112. PMID: 40595416 -
Stem Cell Res Ther
Adipose stem cells regulate lipid metabolism by upregulating mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation in macrophages to improve the retention rate of transplanted fat. [Abstract]2024 Sep 27;15(1):328. PMID: 39334483 -
PLoS Biol
USP7 facilitates brain tumor survival upon glucose deprivation by regulating phosphofructokinase muscle-type nuclear translocation in mice. [Abstract]2026 Mar 12;24(3):e3003698. PMID: 41818193 -
PLoS Biol
The cell cycle regulator PLK1 promotes murine melanoma progression by regulating the transcription factor BACH1. [Abstract]2025 Nov 24;23(11):e3003490. PMID: 41284701 -
Aging Cell
PAR2-mediated cellular senescence promotes inflammation and fibrosis in aging and chronic kidney disease. [Abstract]2024 Aug;23(8):e14184. PMID: 38687090 -
Cell Death Discov
TM7SF2-induced lipid reprogramming promotes cell proliferation and migration via CPT1A/Wnt/β-Catenin axis in cervical cancer cells. [Abstract]2024 May 1;10(1):207. PMID: 38693136 -
Cell Rep
GLUT1-mediated glucose import in B cells is critical for anaplerotic balance and humoral immunity. [Abstract]2024 Feb 27;43(2):113739. PMID: 38340319 -
Cell Rep
Diurnal regulation of oxidative phosphorylation restricts hepatocyte proliferation and inflammation. [Abstract]2021 Sep 7;36(10):109659. PMID: 34496251 -
Cell Rep
HIF-1α Is a Metabolic Switch between Glycolytic-Driven Migration and Oxidative Phosphorylation-Driven Immunosuppression of Tregs in Glioblastoma. [Abstract]2019 Apr 2;27(1):226-237.e4. PMID: 30943404 -
Clin Transl Med
PARK7 deficiency inhibits fatty acid β-oxidation via PTEN to delay liver regeneration after hepatectomy. [Abstract]2022 Sep;12(9):e1061. PMID: 36149763 -
Antioxidants (Basel)
Cannabigerol and Cannabichromene Induce Lung Cancer Cell Death and Apoptosis-Contribution of PPARα to Cannabigerol Effects. [Abstract]2026 Jun 15;15(6):754. PMID: 42352060 -
Mol Metab
Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase-4 regulates endometrial decidualization through a fatty acid β-oxidation pathway rather than lipid droplet accumulation. [Abstract]2024 Jun:84:101953. PMID: 38710444 -
Mol Med
Dysfunctional glycolysis-UCP2-fatty acid oxidation promotes CTLA4intFOXP3int regulatory T-cell production in rheumatoid arthritis. [Abstract]2025 Oct 9;31(1):310. PMID: 41068616 -
J Cell Biol
Mitoguardin-2-mediated lipid transfer preserves mitochondrial morphology and lipid droplet formation. [Abstract]2022 Dec 5;221(12):e202207022. PMID: 36282247 -
J Agric Food Chem
Elevated PINK1/Parkin-Dependent Mitophagy and Boosted Mitochondrial Function Mediate Protection of HepG2 Cells from Excess Palmitic Acid by Hesperetin. [Abstract]2024 Jun 12;72(23):13039-13053. PMID: 38809522 -
Cancer Cell Int
BCR::ABL1 expression in chronic myeloid leukemia cells in low oxygen is regulated by glutamine via CD36-mediated fatty acid uptake. [Abstract]2025 May 14;25(1):176. PMID: 40369538 -
Cancer Cell Int
Gastric cancer cell-originated small extracellular vesicle induces metabolic reprogramming of BM-MSCs through ERK-PPARγ-CPT1A signaling to potentiate lymphatic metastasis. [Abstract]2023 May 9;23(1):87. PMID: 37158903 -
Front Immunol
The mTORC1 Signaling Support Cellular Metabolism to Dictate Decidual NK Cells Function in Early Pregnancy. [Abstract]2022 Mar 10;13:771732. PMID: 35359988 -
J Invest Dermatol
Actionable genetic screens unveil targeting of AURKA, MEK and fatty acid metabolism as an alternative therapeutic approach for advanced melanoma. [Abstract]2023 Oct;143(10):1993-2006.e10. PMID: 37003468 -
Cell Prolif
D-mannose alleviates osteoarthritis progression by inhibiting chondrocyte ferroptosis in a HIF-2α-dependent manner. [Abstract]2021 Nov;54(11):e13134. PMID: 34561933 -
Commun Biol
Dual targeting of glutamine metabolism and lysosomal function in eliminating drug-tolerant KRAS-mutant cancer cells. [Abstract]2026 May 26. PMID: 42191797 -
Life Sci
Low GPR81 in ER+ breast cancer cells drives tamoxifen resistance through inducing PPARα-mediated fatty acid oxidation. [Abstract]2024 Aug 1:350:122763. PMID: 38823505 -
Commun Biol
Fatty acids derived from the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HA-114 suppress age-dependent neurodegeneration. [Abstract]2022 Dec 7;5(1):1340. PMID: 36477191 -
CNS Neurosci Ther
PGC-1α Transcriptionally Regulated by ChREBP Mitigates Neuropathic Pain Through Promoting Microglial Fatty Acid Oxidation and Anti-Inflammatory Response. [Abstract]2026 Jan;32(1):e70744. PMID: 41517974 -
Front Pharmacol
Astilbin Activates the Reactive Oxidative Species/PPARγ Pathway to Suppress Effector CD4+ T Cell Activities via Direct Binding With Cytochrome P450 1B1. [Abstract]2022 May 16;13:848957. PMID: 35652039 -
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol
Increasing cellular NAD+ protects hepatocytes against palmitate-induced lipotoxicity by preventing PARP-1 inhibition and the mTORC1-p300 pathway activation. [Abstract]2025 Mar 1;328(3):C776-C790. PMID: 39871470 -
Antimicrob Agents Chemother
Identification and Characterization of Key Charged Residues in the Cofilin Protein Involved in Azole Susceptibility, Apoptosis, and Virulence of Aspergillus fumigatus. [Abstract]2018 Apr 26;62(5). pii: e01659-17. PMID: 29483117 -
Rheumatology (Oxford)
FTY720 ameliorates experimental MPO-ANCA-associated vasculitis by regulating fatty acid oxidation via the neutrophil PPARα-CPT1a pathway. [Abstract]2024 Jun 5:keae320. PMID: 38837706 -
Ann Med
PPAR-mediated reduction of lipid accumulation in hepatocytes involves the autophagy-lysosome-mitochondrion axis. [Abstract]2025 Dec;57(1):2497112. PMID: 40289698 -
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis
ILF3 mediates lipid metabolism to promote pancreatic cancer development by regulating CPT1A-activated PPARa signaling pathway. [Abstract]2025 May 24:167919. PMID: 40419169 -
FASEB J
Corilagin enhances wound healing by modulating the macrophage phenotype in diabetic mice. [Abstract]2025 Mar 15;39(5):e70439. PMID: 40052815 -
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis
IFN-γ-responsiveness of lymphatic endothelial cells inhibits melanoma lymphatic dissemination via AMPK-mediated metabolic control. [Abstract]2024 Jun 25:167314. PMID: 38936516 -
Lipids Health Dis
2024 Feb 3;23(1):37. PMID: 38308271 -
Sci Rep
Adipocyte-derived factors induce adherent to suspension transition in breast and pancreatic cancer cells through lipid metabolic alteration. [Abstract]2025 Aug 20;15(1):30552. PMID: 40836054 -
Fish Shellfish Immunol
Involvement of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation in the antiviral innate immune response in head kidney macrophages of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). [Abstract]2024 Aug 12:109829. PMID: 39142373 -
J Biol Chem
ACADM inhibits AMPK activation to modulate PEDV-induced lipophagy and β-oxidation for impairing viral replication. [Abstract]2024 Jul 11:107549. PMID: 39002673 -
Sci Rep
CPT1A as a potential therapeutic target for lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice. [Abstract]2024 Jan 18;14(1):1600. PMID: 38238472 -
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Adipocytes promote pancreatic cancer migration and invasion through fatty acid metabolic reprogramming. [Abstract]2023 Jul;50(1):141. PMID: 37264956 -
Oncol Rep
GC‑MSC‑derived circ_0024107 promotes gastric cancer cell lymphatic metastasis via fatty acid oxidation metabolic reprogramming mediated by the miR‑5572/6855‑5p/CPT1A axis. [Abstract]2023 Jul;50(1):138. PMID: 37264961 -
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Supramolecular nanotherapeutics enable metabolic reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages to inhibit tumor growth. [Abstract]2022 Aug;110(8):1448-1459. PMID: 35388955 -
Eur J Immunol
Hyperinflammation by Human Macrophages Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike IgG Is Dependent on Glucose and Fatty Acid Metabolism. [Abstract]2025 Dec;55(12):e70087. PMID: 41416928 -
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HDAC2 promotes colorectal tumorigenesis by triggering dysregulation of lipid metabolism through YAP1. [Abstract]2025 Jan 26:111627. PMID: 39875048 -
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Redox-dependent AMPK inactivation disrupts metabolic adaptation to glucose starvation in xCT-overexpressing cancer cells. [Abstract]2022 Aug 1;135(15):jcs259090. PMID: 35775474 -
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Apoptosis induction in human prostate cancer cells related to the fatty acid metabolism by wogonin-mediated regulation of the AKT-SREBP1-FASN signaling network. [Abstract]2022 Nov:169:113450. PMID: 36208653 -
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2021 Apr 22:11:665763. PMID: 33968771 -
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Mitochondria fission accentuates oxidative stress in hyperglycemia-induced H9c2 cardiomyoblasts in vitro by regulating fatty acid oxidation. [Abstract]2024 Sep;48(9):1378-1391. PMID: 38922770 -
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Rotenone adaptation promotes migration and invasion of p53-wild-type colon cancer through lipid metabolism. [Abstract]2025 Jun;27(6):2557-2567. PMID: 39612123 -
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2018;48(6):2318-2336. PMID: 30114709 -
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Research (Wash D C)
Metabolic Pathway of Monounsaturated Lipids Revealed by In-Depth Structural Lipidomics by Mass Spectrometry. [Abstract]2023:6:0087. PMID: 36951803 -
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Oncotarget
Molecular regulation of apoptotic machinery and lipid metabolism by mTORC1/mTORC2 dual inhibitors in preclinical models of HER2+/PIK3CAmut breast cancer. [Abstract]2016 Oct 11;7(41):67071-67086. PMID: 27563814
Etomoxir purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Oncotarget. 2016 Oct 11;7(41):67071-67086. [Abstract]
MDA-MB-453 cells are treated as indicated for 2 days and subjected to immunoblotting. Combination treatments using non-saturating doses of Etomoxir and MTI-31 or Rapamycin results in an enhanced growth suppression in MDA-MB-453 cells, which is not readily observed in MDA-MB-231 cells, correlating a nearly complete suppression of cyclin D1 and c-Myc level in MDA-MB-453 cells under the combination treatments.
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (305.98 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (15.30 mM); Suspended solution
This protocol yields a suspended solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (15.30 mM); Suspended solution
This protocol yields a suspended solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocol
Rat heart H9c2 myoblastic cells are incubated in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum until near confluence. In some experiments, cells are preincubated for 2 h with DMEM (serum-free) in the absence or presence of 1-80 μM Etomoxir and then incubated for 2 h with 0.1 mM [1-14C]oleic acid (10 μCi/dish, binds to BSA in a 1:1 molar ratio). In other experiments, cells are preincubated for 2 h plus or minus 40 μM Etomoxir and then incubated for 2 h with 0.1 μM or 0.1 mM [1,3-3H]glycerol (10 μCi/dish), 0.1 mM [1-14C]oleic acid (2 μCi/dish, binds to BSA in a 1:1 molar ratio), 0.1 mM [1-14C]palmitic acid (2 μCi/dish, binds to BSA in a 1:1 molar ratio), 28 μM [methyl-3H]choline (2 μCi/dish), 0.4 mM [3H]serine (20 μCi/dish), or 40 μM myo-[3H]inositol (10 μCi/dish). The medium is removed and the cells washed twice with ice-cold saline and then harvested from the dish with 2 mL methanol-water (1:1, v/v) for lipid extraction. An aliquot of the homogenate is taken for the determination of total uptake of radioactivity into cells. Phospholipids are then isolated and radioactivity in these determined[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Mice[3]
80 male C57BLKS/J lar-Leprdb/db mice and 20 wild type littermates (8 week) are used. db/db mice are randomly divided into four groups: db/db group, Etomoxir group, MitoQ group, and PFT-α group. In the Etomoxir group, mice are intraperitoneally injected with 1 mg/kg Etomoxir twice every week. In the MitoQ group, 50 μM MitoQ is given to the mice in water. Water bottles, containing either MitoQ, are covered with aluminum foil, and all bottles are refilled every 3 days. In the PFT-α group, mice are intraperitoneally injected with 1 mg/kg PFT-α twice every week. WT mice are administrated with vehicle instead. The experimental period is 8 weeks. At the end, peripheral blood samples and bone marrow cells are harvested for the assays.
Rats[4]
Male Lewis rats, weighing 150-200 g, are used in the present study. Animals are kept on a 12 h:12 h light/dark cycle and fed a Purina Chow diet and water ad libitum. The rats are divided into two groups: (1) control and (2) Etomoxir. Etomoxir (20 mg/kg of body weight) is dissolved in 0.9% (w/v) NaCl and administered intraperitoneally for 8 days. Control rats receive saline. The last injection is given 24 h before the experiment.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (277 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Rupp H, et al. The use of partial fatty acid oxidation inhibitors for metabolic therapy of angina pectoris and heart failure. Herz. 2002 Nov;27(7):621-36. [Content Brief]
[2]. Xu FY, et al. Etomoxir mediates differential metabolic channeling of fatty acid and glycerol precursors into cardiolipin in H9c2 cells. J Lipid Res. 2003 Feb;44(2):415-23. [Content Brief]
[3]. Li J, et al. FFA-ROS-P53-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis contributes to reduction of osteoblastogenesis and bone mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep. 2015 Jul 31;5:12724. [Content Brief]
[4]. Luiken JJ, et al. Etomoxir-induced partial carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (CPT-I) inhibition in vivo does not alter cardiac long-chain fatty acid uptake and oxidation rates. Biochem J. 2009 Apr 15;419(2):447-55. [Content Brief]
[5]. O'Connor RS, et al. The CPT1a inhibitor, etomoxir induces severe oxidative stress at commonly used concentrations. Sci Rep. 2018 Apr 19;8(1):6289. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 3.0598 mL | 15.2989 mL | 30.5979 mL | 76.4947 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.6120 mL | 3.0598 mL | 6.1196 mL | 15.2989 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3060 mL | 1.5299 mL | 3.0598 mL | 7.6495 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2040 mL | 1.0199 mL | 2.0399 mL | 5.0996 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1530 mL | 0.7649 mL | 1.5299 mL | 3.8247 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1224 mL | 0.6120 mL | 1.2239 mL | 3.0598 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1020 mL | 0.5100 mL | 1.0199 mL | 2.5498 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0765 mL | 0.3825 mL | 0.7649 mL | 1.9124 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0612 mL | 0.3060 mL | 0.6120 mL | 1.5299 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0510 mL | 0.2550 mL | 0.5100 mL | 1.2749 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0382 mL | 0.1912 mL | 0.3825 mL | 0.9562 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0306 mL | 0.1530 mL | 0.3060 mL | 0.7649 mL |