Multiomic integration reveals tumoral heterogeneity of lipid dependence within lethal group 3 medulloblastoma

  • Cancer Cell. 2026 Feb 9;44(2):383-404.e18. doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2025.12.012.
Flavia Bernardi  1 ,  Jacob Torrejon  1 ,  Irene Basili  2 ,  Randy Van Ommeren  3 ,  Véronique Marsaud  4 ,  Hua Yu  4 ,  Julie Talbot  1 ,  Judith Souphron  1 ,  Emilie Indersie  4 ,  Antoine Forget  4 ,  Benjamin Bonneau  5 ,  Alexane Massiot  1 ,  Coralie Alcazar  6 ,  Laurine Figeac  1 ,  Emma Bonerandi  1 ,  Gabriele Cancila  4 ,  Olga Sirbu  7 ,  Navneesh Yadav  8 ,  Dinesh Mohanakrishnan  8 ,  Bérangère Lombard  9 ,  Damarys Loew  9 ,  Patrick Poullet  10 ,  Stephane Liva  10 ,  Marta Lovino  11 ,  I-Hsuan Lin  12 ,  Takuma Nakashima  13 ,  Tarek Gharsalli  14 ,  Paul Antoine Nicolas  10 ,  Naoji Yubuki  15 ,  Roberto A Ribas  16 ,  Benoit Colsch  17 ,  Emeline Chu-Van  17 ,  Florence Castelli  17 ,  Julio Lopes Sampaio  18 ,  Sophie Leboucher  19 ,  Charlene Lasgi  20 ,  Laetitia Besse  15 ,  Marie-Noëlle Soler  15 ,  Valentina Lo Re  1 ,  Nathalie Planque  21 ,  Namal Abeysundara  22 ,  Polina Balin  23 ,  Hao Wang  22 ,  Haipeng Su  23 ,  Xiaochong Wu  23 ,  Florence M G Cavalli  10 ,  Olivier Saulnier  24 ,  Elisa Ficarra  11 ,  Lucia Di Marcotullio  25 ,  Kohei Kumegawa  26 ,  Reo Maruyama  27 ,  Daisuke Kawauchi  28 ,  Daniel Picard  29 ,  Marc Remke  29 ,  Laurent Riffaud  30 ,  Chloé Puiseux  31 ,  Yassine Bouchoucha  32 ,  Sophie Huybrechts  33 ,  Marie Simbozel  34 ,  Franck Bourdeaut  35 ,  Pascale Varlet  36 ,  Stéphanie Puget  37 ,  Thomas Blauwblomme  37 ,  Mamy Andrianteranagna  10 ,  Julien Masliah Planchon  38 ,  Aurelien Dugourd  39 ,  Julio Saez-Rodriguez  40 ,  Emmanuel Barillot  10 ,  Nicolas Servant  10 ,  Loredana Martignetti  10 ,  Jeremy Rich  41 ,  Marcel Kool  42 ,  Stefan M Pfister  43 ,  Sameer Agnihotri  44 ,  Hiromichi Suzuki  13 ,  Marjorie Fanjul  45 ,  Won-Jing Wang  12 ,  Jin-Wu Tsai  46 ,  Ramon C Sun  16 ,  Kévin Beccaria  37 ,  Christelle Dufour  47 ,  Jean-Emmanuel Sarry  48 ,  Kulandaimanuvel Antony Michealraj  49 ,  Michael D Taylor  50 ,  Olivier Ayrault  51
Affiliations
  • 1. Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U1330/CNRS EMR 8001, Children's Oncology Research Unit (CONCERT), Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2024, Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM U1330/CNRS EMR 8001, Children's Oncology Research Unit (CONCERT), Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2024, Orsay, France.
  • 2. Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U1330/CNRS EMR 8001, Children's Oncology Research Unit (CONCERT), Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2024, Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM U1330/CNRS EMR 8001, Children's Oncology Research Unit (CONCERT), Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2024, Orsay, France; Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy.
  • 3. Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
  • 4. Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Orsay, France; CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.
  • 5. Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM U1330/CNRS EMR 8001, Children's Oncology Research Unit (CONCERT), Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2024, Orsay, France.
  • 6. Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2023, Toulouse, France; Labex TOuCAN, Toulouse, France.
  • 7. Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
  • 8. Department of Neurological surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and Cancer biology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
  • 9. Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris, France.
  • 10. Institut Curie, INSERM U1331, MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
  • 11. Dipartimento di Ingegneria Enzo Ferrari, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
  • 12. Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
  • 13. Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
  • 14. Inovarion, Paris, France.
  • 15. Institut Curie, PSL University, CNRS UAR2016, INSERM US43, Université Paris-Saclay, Multimodal Imaging Center, 91400 Orsay, France.
  • 16. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
  • 17. Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS), MetaboHUB, Gif sur Yvette, France.
  • 18. Institut Curie, CurieCoreTech Metabolomics and Lipidomics platform, Paris, France.
  • 19. Institut Curie, Histology Facility, Orsay 91400, France.
  • 20. Institut Curie, Cytometry Platform, Orsay 91400, France.
  • 21. Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U1330/CNRS EMR 8001, Children's Oncology Research Unit (CONCERT), Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2024, Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM U1330/CNRS EMR 8001, Children's Oncology Research Unit (CONCERT), Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2024, Orsay, France; Université Paris Cité, France.
  • 22. The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
  • 23. Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
  • 24. INSERM U1330, Genomics and Development of Childhood Cancers Lab, Institut Curie, PSL University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Paris, France.
  • 25. Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy.
  • 26. Cancer Cell Diversity Project, NEXT-Ganken Program, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
  • 27. Project for Cancer Epigenomics, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
  • 28. Department of Neuro-oncology, Institute of Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
  • 29. Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.
  • 30. Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France.
  • 31. Department of Pediatric Oncology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France.
  • 32. SIREDO: Care, Innovation and Research for Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
  • 33. Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, National Center for Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier du Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.
  • 34. Department of Child and Adolescents Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France.
  • 35. SIREDO: Care, Innovation and Research for Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France; Institut Curie, INSERM U1330, Children's Oncology Research Unit (CONCERT), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
  • 36. Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris-Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; UMR 1266, IMA-Brain, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Inserm, Paris, France.
  • 37. Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
  • 38. Unit of Somatic Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France.
  • 39. Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg, Germany.
  • 40. Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg, Germany; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridgeshire, UK.
  • 41. Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
  • 42. Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, the Netherlands.
  • 43. Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
  • 44. University of Pittsburgh, Department of Neurological Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
  • 45. Université Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, CRCT, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France.
  • 46. Institute of Brain Science, Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
  • 47. Department of Child and Adolescents Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France; INSERM U981, Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.
  • 48. Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2023, Toulouse, France; Labex TOuCAN, Toulouse, France. Electronic address: [email protected].
  • 49. Department of Neurological surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and Cancer biology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].
  • 50. Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Neuro-oncology Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].
  • 51. Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U1330/CNRS EMR 8001, Children's Oncology Research Unit (CONCERT), Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2024, Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM U1330/CNRS EMR 8001, Children's Oncology Research Unit (CONCERT), Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2024, Orsay, France. Electronic address: [email protected].
Abstract

Medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood, exhibits significant biological complexity that demands deeper exploration. Here, we present a large multiomics dataset integrating data from 384 primary Medulloblastoma patient samples across five omic layers: CpG methylome, transcriptome, proteome, phosphoproteome, and metabolome, paired with associated clinical metadata. Data integration revealed intertumoral heterogeneity of Lipid Metabolism across proteomic subtypes. Notably, while the MYC-FASN-SCD axis drives lipid biosynthesis, pathway inhibition elicits a compensatory escape mechanism in vivo through exogenous fatty acid uptake. Unexpectedly, we demonstrated that MYC triggers lipid storage, creating a unique dependency on lipid droplet-mitochondria communications to sustain tumor maintenance in vivo. Together, this comprehensive analysis reveals a targetable vulnerability downstream of MYC that constitutes a promising therapeutic approach to treat currently untreatable Medulloblastoma subtypes.

Keywords
lipid biosynthesis; lipid droplets; lipid oxidative stress; medulloblastoma; metabolomics; multiomics integration; pediatric cancer; phosphoproteomics; proteomics; transcriptomics.
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