1. Anti-infection NF-κB Immunology/Inflammation Apoptosis
  2. Bacterial NF-κB Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Apoptosis
  3. Juglone

Juglone  (Synonyms: 5-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione)

Cat. No.: HY-N6949 Purity: 99.77%
Handling Instructions Technical Support

Juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione) is a yellow dye that can be extracted from Juglans regia. Juglone induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Juglone has antibacterial and antitumor activity .

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Juglone

Juglone Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 481-39-0

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Based on 4 publication(s) in Google Scholar

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  • Biological Activity

  • Purity & Documentation

  • References

  • Customer Review

Description

Juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione) is a yellow dye that can be extracted from Juglans regia. Juglone induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Juglone has antibacterial and antitumor activity [1][2][3].

Cellular Effect
Cell Line Type Value Description References
A2780 GI50
64 μM
Compound: 6
Growth inhibition of human A2780 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay
Growth inhibition of human A2780 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay
[PMID: 20304655]
A2780 IC50
1.4 μM
Compound: 14
Antiproliferative activity against human A2780 cells after 2 days by alamar-blue assay
Antiproliferative activity against human A2780 cells after 2 days by alamar-blue assay
[PMID: 19028102]
A549 IC50
11.87 μM
Compound: 7; JUG
Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by resazurin assay
Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by resazurin assay
[PMID: 38381886]
A549 IC50
7 μM
Compound: 1
Growth inhibition of human A549 cells by MTT assay
Growth inhibition of human A549 cells by MTT assay
[PMID: 26706169]
B16-F10 IC50
6 μM
Compound: 1
Growth inhibition of mouse B16F10 cells by MTT assay
Growth inhibition of mouse B16F10 cells by MTT assay
[PMID: 26706169]
BT-549 GI50
> 100 μM
Compound: 4
Antiproliferative activity against human BT-549 cells measured after 72 hrs by SRB assay
Antiproliferative activity against human BT-549 cells measured after 72 hrs by SRB assay
[PMID: 35687347]
CAL-51 GI50
> 100 μM
Compound: 4
Antiproliferative activity against human CAL-51 cells measured after 72 hrs by SRB assay
Antiproliferative activity against human CAL-51 cells measured after 72 hrs by SRB assay
[PMID: 35687347]
DU-145 IC50
11.67 μM
Compound: Juglone
Cytotoxicity against human DU145 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTS assay
Cytotoxicity against human DU145 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTS assay
[PMID: 23791367]
EA.hy 926 IC50
5.57 μM
Compound: 7; JUG
Cytotoxicity against human EA.hy 926 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by resazurin assay
Cytotoxicity against human EA.hy 926 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by resazurin assay
[PMID: 38381886]
HBL-100 GI50
66 μM
Compound: 6
Growth inhibition of human HBL100 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay
Growth inhibition of human HBL100 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay
[PMID: 20304655]
HCC1954 GI50
6.44 μM
Compound: 4
Antiproliferative activity against human HCC1954 cells measured after 72 hrs by SRB assay
Antiproliferative activity against human HCC1954 cells measured after 72 hrs by SRB assay
[PMID: 35687347]
HCT-116 GI50
4.2 μM
Compound: 4
Antiproliferative activity against human HCT-116 cells measured after 72 hrs by SRB assay
Antiproliferative activity against human HCT-116 cells measured after 72 hrs by SRB assay
[PMID: 35687347]
HCT-116 IC50
31.6 μM
Compound: Junglone
Cytotoxicity against human HCT-116 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human HCT-116 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
[PMID: 37001390]
HEK293 EC50
1.7 μM
Compound: 5
Activation of human TRPA1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in calcium level by fluo-4 dye based plate reader analysis
Activation of human TRPA1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in calcium level by fluo-4 dye based plate reader analysis
[PMID: 26905390]
HT-29 IC50
7.71 μM
Compound: Juglone
Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTS assay
Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTS assay
[PMID: 23791367]
HT-29 IC50
> 100 μM
Compound: 1a
Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
[PMID: 24953027]
HT-29 IC50
> 100 μM
Compound: 44
Antitumor activity against human HT-29 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition
Antitumor activity against human HT-29 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition
[PMID: 36858050]
HaCaT IC50
0.8 μM
Compound: 7d ; Juglone
Antiproliferative (inhibition of cell growth) activity against HaCaT cells (human keratinocyte line)
Antiproliferative (inhibition of cell growth) activity against HaCaT cells (human keratinocyte line)
[PMID: 9371243]
HeLa GI50
89 μM
Compound: 6
Growth inhibition of human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay
Growth inhibition of human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay
[PMID: 20304655]
HeLa IC50
13 μM
Compound: 14
Inhibition of histidine-tagged mouse MKP1 catalytic domain expressed in human Hela cells
Inhibition of histidine-tagged mouse MKP1 catalytic domain expressed in human Hela cells
[PMID: 19028102]
HeLa IC50
15.73 μM
Compound: 3
Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells
Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells
[PMID: 33766765]
HeLa IC50
65.46 μM
Compound: 12
Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by MTS assay
Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by MTS assay
[PMID: 24631733]
HeLa IC50
68.46 μM
Compound: 12
Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by MTS assay
Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by MTS assay
[PMID: 24631733]
HeLa IC50
93.7 μM
Compound: 1a
Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
[PMID: 24953027]
HeLa IC50
93.7 μM
Compound: 44
Antitumor activity against human HeLa cells assessed as cell growth inhibition
Antitumor activity against human HeLa cells assessed as cell growth inhibition
[PMID: 36858050]
HepG2 IC50
20.43 μM
Compound: Juglone
Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated upto 48 hrs by MTT assay
Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated upto 48 hrs by MTT assay
[PMID: 38458106]
Hs 683 IC50
7 μM
Compound: 1
Growth inhibition of human Hs683 cells by MTT assay
Growth inhibition of human Hs683 cells by MTT assay
[PMID: 26706169]
J774.2 IC50
13.36 μM
Compound: Junglone
Cytotoxicity against mouse J774.2 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against mouse J774.2 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
[PMID: 37001390]
K562 GI50
> 100 μM
Compound: 4
Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells measured after 72 hrs by SRB assay
Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells measured after 72 hrs by SRB assay
[PMID: 35687347]
KB IC50
6.55 μM
Compound: 3
Cytotoxicity against human KB cells
Cytotoxicity against human KB cells
[PMID: 33766765]
KB 3-1 IC50
26.4 μM
Compound: Junglone
Cytotoxicity against human KB 3-1 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human KB 3-1 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
[PMID: 37001390]
LNCaP IC50
13.8 μM
Compound: Juglone
Antiproliferative activity against human LNCAP cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay
Antiproliferative activity against human LNCAP cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay
[PMID: 23643730]
MCF7 GI50
32.6 μM
Compound: 4
Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells measured after 72 hrs by SRB assay
Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells measured after 72 hrs by SRB assay
[PMID: 35687347]
MCF7 IC50
13 μM
Compound: 1
Growth inhibition of human MCF7 cells by MTT assay
Growth inhibition of human MCF7 cells by MTT assay
[PMID: 26706169]
MCF7 IC50
16.5 μM
Compound: 1a
Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
[PMID: 24953027]
MCF7 IC50
16.5 μM
Compound: 44
Antitumor activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition
Antitumor activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition
[PMID: 36858050]
MDA-MB-231 IC50
6.15 μM
Compound: 7; JUG
Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by resazurin assay
Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by resazurin assay
[PMID: 38381886]
MDA-MB-231 IC50
7.15 μM
Compound: Juglone
Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTS assay
Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTS assay
[PMID: 23791367]
MDA-MB-231 IC50
75.7 μM
Compound: 44
Antitumor activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition
Antitumor activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition
[PMID: 36858050]
MDA-MB-231 IC50
75.76 μM
Compound: 1a
Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
[PMID: 24953027]
MDA-MB-453 IC50
27.5 μM
Compound: 44
Antitumor activity against human MDA-MB-453 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition
Antitumor activity against human MDA-MB-453 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition
[PMID: 36858050]
MDA-MB-453 IC50
27.52 μM
Compound: 1a
Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-453 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-453 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
[PMID: 24953027]
ME-180 IC50
65.4 μM
Compound: 1a
Cytotoxicity against human ME180 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human ME180 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
[PMID: 24953027]
ME-180 IC50
65.4 μM
Compound: 44
Antitumor activity against human ME-180 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition
Antitumor activity against human ME-180 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition
[PMID: 36858050]
MOLM-13 GI50
21.9 μM
Compound: 4
Antiproliferative activity against human MOLM-13 cells measured after 72 hrs by SRB assay
Antiproliferative activity against human MOLM-13 cells measured after 72 hrs by SRB assay
[PMID: 35687347]
MV4-11 GI50
0.06 μM
Compound: 4
Antiproliferative activity against human MV4-11 cells measured after 72 hrs by SRB assay
Antiproliferative activity against human MV4-11 cells measured after 72 hrs by SRB assay
[PMID: 35687347]
PC-3 GI50
4.77 μM
Compound: Juglone
Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 96 hrs by MTT assay
Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 96 hrs by MTT assay
[PMID: 28838831]
PC-3 GI50
4.77 μM
Compound: Juglone
Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay
Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay
[PMID: 30153964]
PC-3 IC50
88.7 μM
Compound: 1a
Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
[PMID: 24953027]
PC-3 IC50
88.7 μM
Compound: 44
Antitumor activity against human PC-3 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition
Antitumor activity against human PC-3 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition
[PMID: 36858050]
Platelet IC50
1.18 μM
Compound: 7; JUG
Antiplatelet activity in human platelets assessed as inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation by turbidimetric analysis
Antiplatelet activity in human platelets assessed as inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation by turbidimetric analysis
[PMID: 38381886]
Platelet IC50
4.45 μM
Compound: 7; JUG
Antiplatelet activity in human platelets assessed as inhibition of U46619-induced platelet aggregation by turbidimetric analysis
Antiplatelet activity in human platelets assessed as inhibition of U46619-induced platelet aggregation by turbidimetric analysis
[PMID: 38381886]
RPMI-8226 IC50
3.95 μM
Compound: 7; JUG
Cytotoxicity against human RPMI-8226 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by resazurin assay
Cytotoxicity against human RPMI-8226 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by resazurin assay
[PMID: 38381886]
SK-MEL-28 IC50
7 μM
Compound: 1
Growth inhibition of human SK-MEL-28 cells by MTT assay
Growth inhibition of human SK-MEL-28 cells by MTT assay
[PMID: 26706169]
SW1573 GI50
50 μM
Compound: 6
Growth inhibition of human SW1573 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay
Growth inhibition of human SW1573 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay
[PMID: 20304655]
T47D GI50
77 μM
Compound: 6
Growth inhibition of human T47D cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay
Growth inhibition of human T47D cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay
[PMID: 20304655]
U-373MG ATCC IC50
17 μM
Compound: 1
Growth inhibition of human U373 cells by MTT assay
Growth inhibition of human U373 cells by MTT assay
[PMID: 26706169]
U-87MG ATCC IC50
7.45 μM
Compound: 7; JUG
Cytotoxicity against human U87 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by resazurin assay
Cytotoxicity against human U87 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by resazurin assay
[PMID: 38381886]
WiDr GI50
81 μM
Compound: 6
Growth inhibition of human WiDr cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay
Growth inhibition of human WiDr cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay
[PMID: 20304655]
In Vitro

Juglone (0-500 μg/mL, 15 h) shows significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with MIC values ranging from 64-512 μg/mL[1].
Juglone(5-20 μM, 24 h) induces apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells through the mitochondrial pathway mediated by ROS production and the decrease of Bcl-2/Bax ratio[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Cytotoxicity Assay [2]

Cell Line: SGC-7901
Concentration: 5, 10, 15, 20 μM
Incubation Time: 24 h
Result: Inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner.

Apoptosis Analysis [2]

Cell Line: SGC-7901
Concentration: 5, 10, 15, 20 μM
Incubation Time: 24 h
Result: Increased the number of early apoptotic cells.

Western Blot Analysis [2]

Cell Line: SGC-7901
Concentration: 5, 10, 15, 20 μM
Incubation Time: 24 h
Result: Decreased the expression of Bcl-2 and increased the Bax protein.
In Vivo

Juglone (0.25 or 1 mg/kg, oral, 70 days) prevents metabolic endotoxemia-nduced hepatitis and neuroinflammation by inhibiting TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway in high-fat diet rats[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: High-fat diet rats model[3]
Dosage: 0.25 or 1 mg/kg
Administration: p.o. for 70 days
Result: Regulated the expression of s TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6.
Inhibited the TLR4 expression and NF-kappa activity.
Molecular Weight

174.16

Formula

C10H6O3

CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

Brown to orange

SMILES

O=C(C1=C2C=CC=C1O)C=CC2=O

Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

4°C, protect from light

*The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.

Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

Ethanol : ≥ 3.33 mg/mL (19.12 mM; DMSO can inactivate Juglone's activity)

*"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 5.7418 mL 28.7092 mL 57.4185 mL
5 mM 1.1484 mL 5.7418 mL 11.4837 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% EtOH    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 0.33 mg/mL (1.89 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 0.33 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (3.3 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% EtOH    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 0.33 mg/mL (1.89 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 0.33 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (3.3 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.77%

References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
Ethanol 1 mM 5.7418 mL 28.7092 mL 57.4185 mL 143.5462 mL
5 mM 1.1484 mL 5.7418 mL 11.4837 mL 28.7092 mL
10 mM 0.5742 mL 2.8709 mL 5.7418 mL 14.3546 mL
15 mM 0.3828 mL 1.9139 mL 3.8279 mL 9.5697 mL
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Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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Product Name:
Juglone
Cat. No.:
HY-N6949
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