2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

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Endogenous metabolites refer to the collective set of small-molecule chemical substances present within organelles, cells, organs, biological fluids, or entire organisms; their molecular weights are typically less than 1500 Da. These endogenous metabolites—including lipids, amino acids, short peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, and organic acids—not only participate in signal transduction governing genomic function but also receive upstream signals from the environment, thereby bridging the interrelationships among genotype, environment, and phenotype. Based on their biological functions, microbial endogenous metabolites can be broadly classified into two categories: primary metabolites and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are the core molecules essential for supporting microbial growth and proliferation; they serve to provide energy to the microbes or act as precursors and cofactors for the synthesis of biological macromolecules. In contrast, microbial secondary metabolites are a class of low-molecular-weight products that are not strictly essential for microbial growth. Nevertheless, microbial secondary metabolites include numerous substances—such as antibiotics, anti-tumor agents, and cholesterol-lowering agents—that are of critical importance to human health[1][2][3]. Furthermore, the metabolome of a biological organism is influenced by a variety of endogenous factors, including age, sex, body composition, genetic background, and underlying pathological states. The small-molecule metabolites within an organism are diverse and highly distinct; their levels are typically subject to the synergistic regulation of a vast array of enzymes and transport proteins, undergoing processes of synthesis, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalized distribution. Metabolomics research based on endogenous metabolites has been widely applied in the fields of metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases, where these metabolites hold potential utility as biomarkers or therapeutic targets[1][2][3].

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B2246R
    L-Carnitine hydrochloride (Standard)
    L-Carnitine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Carnitine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Carnitine hydrochloride ((R)-Carnitine hydrochloride), a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine hydrochloride functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine hydrochloride is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine hydrochloride can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism.
    L-Carnitine hydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-B1659S
    Glycerol-13C3,d8
    Glycerol-13C3,d8 is the deuterium and 13C labeled Glycerol.
    Glycerol-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>,d<sub>8</sub>
  • HY-B1438S1
    Canrenone-d4
    Canrenone-d4 is deuterium labeled Canrenone. Canrenone (Aldadiene) is an aldosterone antagonist extensively used as a diuretic agent.
    Canrenone-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-168168
    (5aS,6R,6aR)-MK-8666
    (5aS,6R,6aR)-MK-8666 is a selective GPR40 agonist with activity in promoting fatty acid-induced insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells and intestinal enteroendocrine cells. (5aS,6R,6aR)-MK-8666 has been studied for the inhibition of type 2 diabetes and has shown significant blood glucose lowering effects. Although (5aS,6R,6aR)-MK-8666 is considered to have potential inhibitory advantages, its development was stopped in Phase I clinical trials due to liver safety issues.
    (5aS,6R,6aR)-MK-8666
  • HY-Y0418S
    Dulcite-13C
    Dulcite-13C is the 13C labeled Dulcite. Dulcite is a sugar alcohol with a slightly sweet taste which is a metabolic breakdown product of galact.
    Dulcite-<sup>13</sup>C
  • HY-B0389S12
    D-Glucose-5-13C
    		98.0%
    D-Glucose-5-13C is the 13C labeled D-Glucose. D-Glucose (Glucose), a monosaccharide, is an important carbohydrate in biology. D-Glucose is a carbohydrate sweetener and critical components of the general metabolism, and serve as critical signaling molecules in relation to both cellular metabolic status and biotic and abiotic stress response[1].
    D-Glucose-5-<sup>13</sup>C
  • HY-W000450S
    5-Aminolevulinic acid-13C
    5-Aminolevulinic acid-13C is the 13C-labeled 5-Aminolevulinic acid. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a non-protein amino acid that plays a rate-limiting role in heme biosynthesis.
    5-Aminolevulinic acid-<sup>13</sup>C
  • HY-W399297R
    Isodeoxycholic acid (Standard)
    Isodeoxycholic acid (7α,12α-Dihydroxycholanoic acid) Standard is the analytical standard of Isodeoxycholic acid (HY-W399297). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isodeoxycholic acid (7α,12α-Dihydroxycholanoic acid) is a 3β-hydroxylated secondary bile acid. Isodeoxycholic acid is produced by epimerization of deoxycholic acid by intestinal bacteria. Isodeoxycholic acid is detectable in feces, mainly existing as saponifiable conjugates with long-chain fatty acids. Isodeoxycholic acid participates in the regulation of intestinal physiology.
    Isodeoxycholic acid (Standard)
  • HY-121390
    Lasiocarpine
    		98.67%
    Lasiocarpine, a hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA), causes fatal liver veno-occlusive disease in vivo. Lasiocarpine is toxic only after its metabolic conversion to the toxic intermediate, including dehydrolasiocarpine and N-oxide.
    Lasiocarpine
  • HY-B0652S1
    Etonogestrel-d6
    Etonogestrel-d6 is deuterium labeled Etonogestrel. Etonogestrel (3-Oxodesogestrel), a biologically active metabolite of progestin Desogestrel, binds with high affinity to progesterone receptors and estrogen receptors in the target organs. Etonogestrel induce FKBP51 mRNA and protein expression in cultured human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs).
    Etonogestrel-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-132178
    Cytochrome P450
    Cytochrome P450 is a family of monooxygenase enzymes that catalyzes the conversion of fatty acids to terminal alkenes using hydrogen peroxide as a cosubstrate. Cytochrome P450 as membrane-bound hemoproteins, plays important roles in the detoxification of drugs, cellular metabolism, and homeostasis.
    Cytochrome P450
  • HY-E70326
    Acid Protease, Aspergillus niger
    Acid Protease, Aspergillus niger is a biocatalyst and a key enzyme in new biocatalyst technology. Enzyme engineering focuses on enhancing enzyme reaction kinetics, substrate selectivity, and activity under harsh conditions such as low or high pH. By introducing stimulus responsiveness to these enzyme modifications, dynamic control of activity is also possible.
    Acid Protease, Aspergillus niger
  • HY-N0229S
    L-Alanine-2-13C,15N
    		99.99%
    L-Alanine-2-13C,15Nis the 13C-labeled and 15N-labeled L-Alanine. L-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid, involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and central nervous system.
    L-Alanine-2-<sup>13</sup>C,<sup>15</sup>N
  • HY-N0666S7
    L-Aspartic acid-1,4-13C2,15N
    L-Aspartic acid-1,4-13C2,15N is the 13C- and 15N-labeled L-Aspartic acid. L-Aspartic aicd is an amino acid that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. L-Aspartic aicd is commonly used for preparing prodrugs to target colon and cecal tissues. L-Aspartic aicd commonly used in the study of inflammatory conditions.
    L-Aspartic acid-1,4-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub>,<sup>15</sup>N
  • HY-W011683S2
    2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate-3′-13C
    2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate-3′-13C is the 13C labeled 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate (HY-W011683)insulin release. 2′-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits glucose-stimulated increases seen in islet cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate activates caspase-3 and promotes apoptosis. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits the activity of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH). 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits the growth of various cells. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate has an anticancer effect on colon cancer>
    2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate-3′-<sup>13</sup>C
  • HY-I0516
    PSI 352707
    PSI 352707 (GS-566500) is a sofosbuvir metabolite with activity similar to other antiviral compounds. PSI 352707 showed good safety and tolerability in inhibiting chronic hepatitis C virus infection.
    PSI 352707
  • HY-N0378S6
    D-Mannitol-13C,d2
    D-Mannitol-13C,d2 is the deuterium and 13C labeled D-Mannitol (HY-N0378). D-Mannitol (Mannitol) is an oral, resistant sugar widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries to promote the absorption and retention of calcium and magnesium through cecal fermentation, while acting as a osmotic diuretic to reduce tissue edema. D-Mannitol can enhance brown fat formation, improve insulin effect, reduce blood sugar levels, And through the start the β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR), PGC1α and PKA induced by means of white fat cells into brown fat cells. D-Mannitol is commonly used to maintain osmotic pressure between the plant cytoplasm and the culture medium and protect cells when the cell wall is weakened or even removed.
    D-Mannitol-<sup>13</sup>C,d<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-P1476
    Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) (18-39), human
    Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) (18-39), human is a corticotropinlike intermediate lobe peptide, which is produced in the melanotrophs of the intermediate lobe of the pituitary.
    Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) (18-39), human
  • HY-N0486S13
    L-Leucine-15N,d10
    L-Leucine-15N,d10 is an essential branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), which activates the mTOR signaling pathway.
    L-Leucine-<sup>15</sup>N,d<sub>10</sub>
  • HY-E70955
    Sarcosine Dehydrogenase, Pseudomonas sp.
    Sarcosine Dehydrogenase, Pseudomonas sp. (EC 1.5.99.1) is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction N-demethylation of sarcosine to give glycine. Sarcosine dehydrogenase, Pseudomonas sp. (EC 1.5.99.1) is an oxidoreductase that acts on the CH-NH group of donor molecules and other acceptor molecules.
    Sarcosine Dehydrogenase, Pseudomonas sp.
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

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